• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.49-55
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• 2017

The prevalence of obesity has noticeably increased worldwide over several decades with various complication. Even though anti-obesity drug treatments have been spotlighted by resulting in effective mean weight losses, its adverse effects cannot be overlooked. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of multi-frequency whole body vibration, one of the mechanical stimulus, as a countermeasure against obesity. Thirty-two-6-week-old C57BL/6J male mice were equally assigned to four groups: the Control group (CON, n = 8), the Sham group (Sham, n = 8), the sham with single frequency whole body vibration (S+V, n = 8), and the sham with multi frequency whole body vibration (S+MV, n = 8). After 4 weeks, morphologic changes in the adipose tissue were evaluated from three-dimensional images using in vivo micro-computed tomography. At 4 weeks, the volume of the abdominal adipose tissue, which had the highest value in Sham group, noticeably reduced in S+MV group compared to it in S+V group. These results implied that the accumulation of abdominal adipose tissue can be effectively reduced through applying multi-frequency whole body vibration.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.191-200
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• 2004

Zinc (Zn) is an essential element in biological process, however inadequate Zn status in general population have been recognized. To update the knowledge for Zn-cadmium (Cd) interaction, we studied the intestinal uptake and transport, and the expression of metal transporter proteins (divalent metal transporter 1, DMT1 ; metal transporter protein 1, MTP1 ; zinc transporter 1, ZnTl ; metallothionein 1 , MT1) in duodenum after Cd exposure using Zn deficient animal model. Rats were led Zn deficient (ZnD, 0.5-1.0 mgZn/kg) or Zn supplemented (ZnS, 50mg Zn/kg) diet for 4 weeks, and followed single administration of $^{109}$ CdCl$_2$orally. The body Zn flatus and tissue Cd concentration were determined at 24 hrs after Cd administration. Total body burden of Cd and Cd absorption index (AI, %) were estimated based on the tissue Cd analyzed. DMT1, MTP1, ZnTl and MT1 mRNA were analyzed by using RT-PCR method. Feeding of Zn deficient diet for 4 weeks produced a reduced body weight gain and a depletion of body Zn. Tissue Cd concentration, body burden of Cd and Cd absorption index were higher in the ZnD diet fed rats than the ZnS diet red rats. Especially, Cd concentration in the small intestine (duodenum, jejunum and ileum) and the colon of FeD diet fed rats were higher markedly than in the FeS diet group. The expression levels of DMT1, MTP1 and ZnT1 mRNA in FeD diet fed rats were similar to the FeS diet. The level of MT1 mRNA expression was significantly lower in the FeD than the FeS diet fed rats. Taken together, theses results indicate that Zn deficiency in diet induce an increased intestinal absorption and tissue retention of Cd, and down -regulate the MT1 expression in the intestine which might be play a part of role in Cd absorption and transport in mammalian. These findings suggest that deficiency of essential metal could be enhanced the toxicity of toxic, non-esstial metals through the metal-metal interaction.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.316-321
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• 2020

PURPOSE. The stress distribution and microgap formation on an implant abutment structure was evaluated to determine the relationship between the direction of the load and the stress value. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Two types of three-dimensional models for the mandibular first molar were designed: bone-level implant and tissue-level implant. Each group consisted of an implant, surrounding bone, abutment, screw, and crown. Static finite element analysis was simulated through 200 N of occlusal load and preload at five different load directions: 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60°. The von Mises stress of the abutment and implant was evaluated. Microgap formation on the implant-abutment interface was also analyzed. RESULTS. The stress values in the implant were as follows: 525, 322, 561, 778, and 1150 MPa in a bone level implant, and 254, 182, 259, 364, and 436 MPa in a tissue level implant at a load direction of 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60°, respectively. For microgap formation between the implant and abutment interface, three to seven-micron gaps were observed in the bone level implant under a load at 45 and 60°. In contrast, a three-micron gap was observed in the tissue level implant under a load at only 60°. CONCLUSION. The mean stress of bone-level implant showed 2.2 times higher than that of tissue-level implant. When considering the loading point of occlusal surface and the direction of load, higher stress was noted when the vector was from the center of rotation in the implant prostheses.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.123-129
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• 2004

Lower extremity injuries are frequently accompanied with large soft-tissue defects. Such Injuries are difficult to manage for its poor vascularity, rigid tissue distensibility, easy infectability and a relatively long healing period. Also, osteomyelitis, and/or non-union of the fractured bones are relatively common in lower extremity injuries and its weight-bearing role should be considered. Therefore, it is important to select appropriate reconstruction method of the lower extremities, which is applicable to a variety of surgical techniques according to these considerations. The goal of flap coverage in the lower extremity should not only be satisfactory wound coverage, but also acceptable appearance and minimal donor site morbidity. In this article, we have tried to establish a reconstruction method in the lower extremity based on our experiences and clinical analysis of soft tissue reconstruction using free muscle flap transfer in 27 cases from Jan. 2000 to Dec. 2002. The results showed 96% flap survival, and flap failure noted in one of the cases due to vascular insufficiency. In conclusion, we believe that in cases of lower extremity soft-tissue defects especially with open comminuted fractures and infections, muscle free flaps should be considered as the first line of treatment.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.28-35
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to present the clinical analysis of the results of lateral arm free flap for small sized and infected diabetic foot ulcer around toes. From May 2006 to December 2007, Seven patients were included in our study. Average age was 52.8 years, six were males and one was female. All had infected diabetic foot ulcer and had exposures of bone or tendon structures. Ulcers were located around great toe in four patients, 4th toe in one and 5th toe in two. Three patients had osteomyelitis of metatarsal or phalanx. After appropriate control of infection by serial wound debridement and intravenous antibiotics, lateral arm flap was applied to cover remained soft tissue defects. Posterior radial collateral artery of lateral arm flap was reanastomosed to dorsalis pedis artery of recipient foot by end to side technique in all cases in order to preserve already compromised artery of diabetic foot. All flaps were designed over lateral epicondyle to get longer pedicle and averaged pedicle length was 8 cm. Two cases were used as a sensate flap to achieve protective sensation of foot. All flaps survived and provided satisfactory coverage of soft tissue defects on diabetc foot ulcers. All patients could achieve full weight-bearing ambulation. No patients has had recurrence of infection, ulceration and further toe amputations. There were three complications, a delayed wound healing of flap with surrounding tissue, a partial peripheral loss of flap and a numbness of forearm below donor site. All patients were satisfied with their clinical results, especially preserving their toes and could return to the previous activity levels. Lateral arm free flap could be recommend for infected diabetic foot ulcers around toes, to preserve toes, coverage of soft tissue defect and control of infection with low donor site morbidity.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.63-72
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• 2008

Objectives : This study was designed to examine the effect of Ecklonia cava on expressing of blood lipids and UCP-1 of brown adipose tissue(BAT) in zucker rats. Methods : Experimental groups were divided into 3 groups: normal group, control group and sample group for 7 separate rats as expriment. Control and sample groups were genetrically modified obesity. All groups didn't impose restrictions on food and water. And we gave a ecklonia cava to sample group for 6 weeks. Ecklonia cava was examined in effects of blood glucose, insulin concentration and UCP-1 in brown adipose tissue. Results : 1. Control and sample groups were increased in weight. But, sample group was decreased as compared to control group. 2. Sample group was decreased significantly as compared to control group with insulin concentration, HOMA, TG, FFA. 3. Sample group was increased significantly as compared to control group with UCP-1 mRNA. Conclusions : Based on these results, it was proved that Ecklonia cava on obesity effects in decreasing blood lipids, increasing UCP-1 of brown adipose tissue.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.460-470
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• 1992

Thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) can serve the animal in the regulation of its body temperature and of its body weight. Thermogenesis can be switched on by exposure of the animal to cold (non-shivering thermogenesis) or by overeating (diet-induced thermogenesis). BAT mitochondria are uniquely specialized for thermogenesis, possessing a specific proton conductance pathway that is regulated by the concentration of fatty acids in the cells of BAT. The level of fatty acids is in turn controlled by the lipolytic action of noradrenaline on the tissue. When the proton conductance pathway operates, the mitochondria are effectively uncoupled and exhibit extremely high rates of substrate oxidation with a great increase in heat production. Thus it is suggested that BAT is of importance in energy balance and human obesity treatment if thermogenesis can be stimulated specifically.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.726-731
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• 2010

Purpose: Autologous fat grafting is a popular procedure for the correction of the soft tissue depression and deformity. But there are several issues required to be carefully considered in relation to this procedure, mainly about the unpredictability and the low survival rate of the grafted fat due to absorption and partial necrosis. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a lysophospholipid mediator that has been proposed to promote angiogenesis and to regulate the differentiation of adipose derived stromal cells (ASCs). In this study, we analyzed the viability of the grafted fat tissue mixed with S1P into each 12 nude mice (cann.cg-fox1nu/crlori) compared to the group of mice grafted fat tissue only. Methods: Human aspirated fat was grafted subcutaneously into the backs of 8-week-old nude mice with or without S1P. Eight weeks later, the grafted fat was harvested and the weight and volume were checked. The fat was stained with hematoxylin-eosin and 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole. Results: S1P group weighed significantly more than the control group (p=0.009), and the volume from the S1P group was considerably larger than that of the control group (p=0.004) either. In histological features, the surviving layer of the S1P group was thicker than the control group and microvasculature appeared to be prominent in the S1P group, especially in the outer layers. Conclusion: These findings suggest that S1P plays a vital role in the soft tissue augmentation, potentially providing a novel point of the control in adipose tissue for microfat graft.

• Annals of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.102-106
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• 2023

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for most of the hepatic neoplasms and can also occur in ectopic liver tissue. We present a case of a 55-year-old male complaining of weight loss. The imaging studies reported a 2.9 cm nodule in the pancreatic body, with a neuroendocrine tumor diagnosis by cytology. A corpo-caudal pancreatectomy was performed. Pathology showed a well-differentiated HCC developed in ectopic liver tissue with free margins and no lymph node metastases. HCC presenting in ectopic liver tissue is rare. In this case, the preoperative study did not establish the diagnosis, warranting the need for suspicion of this neoplasm.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.376-379
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• 2015

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different types and concentrations of organic nitrogen sources (${\small{L}}$-Glutamine and casein hydrolysate, CH) and plant growth regulators (auxins and cytokinins) on embryogenic tissue proliferation and somatic embryo production in L. kaempferi. Overall, the highest tissue fresh weight was obtained at either 2 or 4 weeks in culture when 1,000 mg/L ${\small{L}}$-Glutamine was added to the culture medium, which showed similar results with other treatments. In experiments with different types and concentrations of plant growth regulators on somatic embryo production, the highest production (426.3/90 mg tissue) was found when 0.2 mg/L IBA was added; however, no somatic embryos were induced following treatment with 0.2 mg/L BA or Kinetin. The effect of various concentrations of IBA on somatic embryo production was also tested. The best result (303/90 mg tissue) was obtained when plants were treated with 0.2 mg/L IBA; 1.0 mg/L IBA was also effective (281/90 mg tissue). The lowest result (109.3/90 mg tissue) was obtained with 5.0 mg/L IBA.