• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.170-178
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• 1990

The aim of the study was to investigate prevalence of obesity among housewives residing in apartments in Taegu city and any relationship of obesity with various factors. Hundred three housewives aged 30-49 years living in apartments (over 30 pyung) were interviewed for socio-economic status, food habit, food intake by a convenient questionnaire, and daily activity by the 24-hour recall. Their weight, height and triceps skinfold thickness were measured. The results were summarized as follows: 1) The percentages of subjects and their spouses with college and higher education were as much as 53.6% and 83.5%, respectively. The commonest family size was four members with two children. 2) The percentages of subjects classified as underweight, normal, overweight, and obesity according to relative body weight(RBW) were 4.9, 44.7, 24.3 and 26.2, respectively. Twenty four percent belonged to obese group according to body mass index(BMI$\geq$25). 3) Food habit score was 12.4 points in average and judged 'good'. The average of daily energy intake was 2247㎉ which corresponded to 112% of RDA and intakes of nutrients except iron exceeded RDA. The means of food habit score and energy intake were not significantly different among 4 groups. 4) Multiple regression analysis was tested to explain a relationship between fatness and various factors. The equation, BMI=25.216+(0.836$\times$family size)-(0.309$\times$education, years)-(0.00503$\times$household work time, minutes), indicates that fatness of housewives was related with family size(+), educational level(-) and household work time(-). These relationships were statistically significant(p<0.001) and R2 (coefficient of determination) was 0.237.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.185-199
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• 2019

Korea's facility horticulture has developed remarkably in a short period of time. However, in order to secure international competitiveness in response to unfavorable surrounding conditions such as high operating costs and market opening, it is necessary to diagnose the problems of facility horticulture and prepare countermeasures through analysis. The purpose of this study was to analyze the case of leading farmers by introducing information and communication technology (ICT) in hydroponic cultivation agriculture and horticulture, and to examine how agricultural technology utilizing smart farm and big data of facility horticulture contribute to farm productivity. Crop growth information gathering and analysis solutions were developed to analyze the productivity change factors calculated from hydroponics tomato farms and strawberry farms. The results of this study are as follows. The application range of the leaf temperature was verified to be variously utilized such as house ventilation in the facility, opening and closing of the insulation curtain, and determination of the initial watering point and the ending time point. Second, it is necessary to utilize water content information of crop growth. It was confirmed that the crop growth rate information can confirm whether the present state of crops is nutrition or reproduction, and can control the water content artificially according to photosynthesis ability. Third, utilize EC and pH information of crops. Depending on the crop, EC values should be different according to climatic conditions. It was confirmed that the current state of the crops can be confirmed by comparing EC and pH, which are measured from the supplied EC, pH and draining. Based on the results of this study, it can be confirmed that the productivity of smart farm can be affected by how to use the information of measurement growth.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.17-29
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• 2019

This study developed prediction models of chlorine bulk decay coefficient by each condition of water quality, measuring chlorine bulk decay coefficients of the water and water quality by water purification processes. The second-reaction order of chlorine were selected as the optimal reaction order of research area because the decay of chlorine was best represented. Chlorine bulk decay coefficients of the water in conventional processes, advanced processes before rechlorination was respectively $5.9072(mg/L)^{-1}d^{-1}$ and $3.3974(mg/L)^{-1}d^{-1}$, and $1.2522(mg/L)^{-1}d^{-1}$ and $1.1998(mg/L)^{-1}d^{-1}$ after rechlorination. As a result, the reduction of organic material concentration during the retention time has greatly changed the chlorine bulk decay coefficient. All the coefficients of determination were higher than 0.8 in the developed models of the chlorine bulk decay coefficient, considering the drawn chlorine bulk decay coefficient and several parameters of water quality and statistically significant. Thus, it was judged that models that could express the actual values, properly were developed. In the meantime, the chlorine bulk decay coefficient was in proportion to the initial residual chlorine concentration and the concentration of rechlorination; however, it may greatly vary depending on rechlorination. Thus, it is judged that it is necessary to set a plan for the management of residual chlorine concentration after experimentally assessing this change, utilizing the methodology proposed in this study in the actual fields. The prediction models in this study would simulate the reduction of residual chlorine concentration according to the conditions of the operation of water purification plants and the introduction of rechlorination facilities, more reasonably considering water purification process and the time of chlorination. In addition, utilizing the prediction models, the reduction of residual chlorine concentration in the supply areas can be predicted, and it is judged that this can be utilized in setting plans for the management of residual chlorine concentration.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.30 no.12
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• pp.1101-1108
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• 2020

Tartary buckwheat is a grain with many flavonoids, such as rutin, quercetin, kaempferol, and myricetin. This study aimed to optimize extraction conditions to maximize the rutin, quercetin, and myricetin contents of tartary buckwheat sprout extracts using response surface methodology. A BoxBehnken design containing 15 experiments was employed to evaluate the effects of extraction conditions, such as temperature (X1, 50~70℃), extraction time (X2, 5~9 hr), and ethanol concentration (X3, 60~90%). The coefficients of determination (R2) for all the dependent variables (extraction temperature, extraction time, and extraction ethanol concentration) were determined to be over 0.95, indicating significance. The p-value of the model in lack of fit was over 0.1 than means, indicating that the model was well predicted. The optimal extraction conditions for rutin, quercetin, and myricetin contents were obtained at X1 = 51.03, X2 = 6.62, and X3 = 69.16, respectively. Under these optimal conditions, the predicted rutin, quercetin, and myricetin contents were 808.467 ㎍/ml, 193.296 ㎍/ml, and 37.360 ㎍/ml, respectively. For the validation of the model, ten experiments were performed and the experimental rutin and quercetin contents were measured at 802.84±8.49 ㎍/ml, 193.76±2.80 ㎍/ml, and 34.84±0.43 ㎍/ml, respectively. The experimental rutin and quercetin contents were similar to the predicted contents, but the experimental myricetin content was lower than predicted.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.64 no.6
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• pp.327-333
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• 2020

Performance of a portable GC that can be utilized for the real time determination of volatile organic compounds in air was evaluated. It employs purified/compressed ambient air as the carrier gas eliminating the need for high pressure gas tanks. The compact system with dimensions of 35 × 26 × 15 ㎤ and weight of 5 kg is powered by either a 24 V DC external adapter or battery pack. Chromatograms of the mixture sample including benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and oxylene at concentrations of 1 ppmv and 20 ppmv represent a good reproducibility: 3.79% and 0.48% relative standard deviations (RSDs) for peak area variations; 0.40% and 0.08% RSDs for retention times. The method detection limit was 0.09 ppmv. A 30 m long, 0.28 mm I.D. column operated at an optimal condition yielded a peak capacity of 61 with good resolution for a 10 min isothermal analysis. The relative standard deviations (RSD) of the peak area variations and retention times during consecutive measurements over 27 h were less than 2.4%RSD and 0.5%RSD, respectively. Thus, this instrument makes it suitable for continuous and field analysis of low-concentration VOC mixtures in the indoor/outdoor environment as well as the spillage accident of hazardous chemicals.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.320-325
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• 2021

In this study, an optimization for the production of water emulsion was designed by adding an extract of wheat sprout, which is known to contain a large amount of antioxidants. The central composite design of reaction surface analysis method (CCD-RSM) was used for the optimization process. The amount of emulsifier, emulsification time, and added amount of wheat sprout extract were selected as independent variables based on our preliminary experiments. The mean droplet size (MDS), viscosity, and emulsion stability index (ESI) were set as the responses to evaluate the stability of the emulsion. For each independent variable, the P-value and coefficient of determination were evaluated to verify the reliability of the experiments. From the result of CCD-RSM, optimum conditions for the emulsification were determined as 23.6 min, 7.7 wt.%, and 3.9 wt.% for the emulsification time, amount of emulsifier, and amount of sprout, respectively. From the optimized condition obtained, MDS, viscosity, and ESI after 7 days from reaction were estimated as 252.3 nm, 616.7 cP, and 88.7%, respectively. The overall satisfaction was 0.9137, which supported the validity of the experiments, and the error rate was measured at 0.5% or less by advancing the experiments. Therefore, an optimized process for producing an emulsion by adding the malt extract was designed by the CCD-RSM.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.415-424
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• 2020

In the present study, we have refined gomisin N, which represents activity in the proliferation of dermal papilla cells (HFDPCs) from the fruit of Schisandra chinensis (S. chinensis), and have identified optimal extraction conditions for obtaining extracts with high content of gomisin N. The activity of the extracts and fractions was evaluated, and the results indicated approximately 29% proliferation activity in the group treated with 1 ㎍/mL of n-hexane fraction. Column chromatography was used to assess the active ingredient in the n-hexane fraction, and two compounds, namely gomisin N(1) and schisandrin(2), were isolated and identified. When the HFDPCs proliferation activity was tested for the isolated compounds, gomisin N exhibited ≥ 20% proliferation activity. Thus, via response surface methodology (RSM), the optimum extraction conditions to obtain the maximum level of gomisin N from the fruit of S. chinensis were determined, where ethanol proportion, extraction time, and extraction temperature were used as the independent variables. The results revealed coefficient of determination ≥ 0.95 and p-value ≤ 0.05, which confirmed the fit of the model. The optimum extraction conditions to achieve the maximum content of gomisin N were as follows: ethanol proportion 83.8%, extraction temperature 80 ℃, and extraction time 8.7 h. The content of gomisin N using these conditions was predicted as 378,300 ppm, and a mean value close to the predicted value (376,884 ppm) was obtained while validating the aforementioned conditions.

• Journal of Ginseng Culture
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• v.4
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• pp.59-102
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• 2022

Since there were only few countries that could find wild ginseng grown in nature, the culture of digging wild ginseng was only developed in a small number of countries. In a time when the orthodox head-Simmemani has disappeared, the tangible and intangible culture of Simmemani (wild ginseng digger) is disappearing more and more with the passage of time. So far, the conducted research on wild ginseng diggers was very partial and simplistic as follows: ① Research on the argot of Simmemani, ② Research on the customs of Simmemani, ③ Research on the change of customs of Simmemani, ④ Additional records through interview with Simmemani. Accordingly, no comprehensive study on the Simmemani culture has been done yet. This study supplements the historical materials that were not reflected in previous studies, and discuss on diverse subjects including the definition and classification of wild ginseng, the distribution of wild ginseng and Simmemani, interpretation of wild ginseng digging from a legal and social point of view, the organization responsible for the digging, determination of the date of entering the mountain, preparations, taboos, departure and entry into a mountain, religious events, psalmbook, dream interpretation, search and discovery of wild ginseng, digging, profit sharing, the amount of harvested wild ginseng, and the price of wild ginseng. In addition, Korean wild ginseng digging culture was comprehensively studied by attaching the photos and illustrations of historical documents with the psalmbook of the head-Simmemani.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.880-889
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• 2021

The home meal replacement (HMR) market has attracted significant attention due to COVID-19 pandemic and products that utilize the combination of different processed ingredients are now being developed. In this study, Broughton's ribbed ark Scapharca broughtonii was soaked in seasoned soy sauce with the incorporation of mustard leaf Brassica juncea (M-BRA), which is known to have a unique texture as well as excellent functional properties such as antioxidation, to develop a regional specialty product. The optimal conditions for manufacturing M-BRA from the seasoned soy sauce (the sauce to be added [X₁] and the soaking time [X₂]), were examined using response surface methodology (RSM) to analyze the significance of the salinity (Y₁), amino-N content (Y₂), and overall acceptance (Y₃). The coefficient of determination (R²) between X₁-X₂ and Y₁-Y₃ were close to 1, thereby confirming the suitability of the RSM model. The optimal conditions were seasoned soy sauce addition of 140% and soaking time of 156 min. The M-BRA manufactured under these conditions exhibited superior overall acceptance compared to seasoned commercial soy sauce, which was used as a control. We expect that the market for M-BRA manufactured by combining marine and agricultural materials will expand owing to superior overall acceptance compared with commercial products.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.255-264
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• 2022

The active ingredients of Napttegi Kong(GML, Glycine max landrace), a type of native rare soybeans, were identified, and an ultrasonic extraction method was introduced as an eco-friendly extraction method. Through the component analysis of the Napttegi Kong extract, the epicatechin, which was not found in conventional soybeans, was identified. For effective extraction using ultrasonic, the main extraction conditions were optimized using the response surface analysis method. Through the Box-Behnken design process, 15 experiments were conducted with the extraction temperature, the ratio of extraction solvent/solution, and extraction time as key independent variables. A quadratic regression equation for the two dependent variables, epicatechin content and total isoflavone content, was derived, and the coefficients of determination were found to be high as R² = 0.9939 and R² = 0.9844, respectively, confirming that the correlation showed high significance. The extraction conditions satisfying the maximum expectations of these two dependent variables were predicted. to be 40.4℃ of extraction temperature, 19.3 times of extraction solvent/solution, and 91 sec of extraction time. The expected value and the actual experimental value of the epikatechin content and the total isoflavone content were similar, so it was confirmed that this experimental method is a highly reliable optimization model.