• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.247-258
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• 2009

Rail transportation system are needed to develop proper corresponds to satisfy various demands in freight transportation since there are many problems in rail transportation infrastructure and operation. This paper analyzes characteristics of rail transportation consumers and develops policy for vitality of rail transportation by survey of rail transportation consumers and AHP methodology. This paper is organized as follows. Section 1 presents the description of the objective and the methods for this study. Section 2 presents the description of the methods for analysis of characteristics of consumers of rail freight transportation. Section 3 presents the characteristics of rail transportation consumers by analysis the survey results of rail transportation consumers. Section 4 summarizes our conclusions and discusses further research topics.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.17-28
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• 2023

This study aimed to verify the validity of the evaluation items and weight determination of the indoor environmental safety area, which has the most frequent accidents, among the safety certification evaluations of educational facilities by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Korea, which has been conducted since May 2021. As a preceding study, the evaluation items of the school safety evaluation checklist being implemented in the US state of Vermont were compared, and the causes of accidents judged by teachers in the accident experiences written by 200 Korean teachers were compared with the safety certification evaluation items belonged to the Ministry of Education. In addition, research literature using the AHP analysis technique on safety risks of elementary and secondary schools in China and safety evaluation index study cases of 539 elementary school children in Indonesia were analyzed. Through these preceding studies, measures to add and adjust evaluation items were derived and the validity and importance rankings of evaluation items were calculated through AHP questionnaires to teachers and safety experts. In addition, a survey was conducted on 104 ordinary people to verify the results of expert analysis. As a result of expert AHP analysis, 'safety education and disaster response training (.396)' was the highest priority for the relative importance of the first layer, followed by 'safety measures (.387)' and 'building materials'. Safety (.216)' was found to be the highest priority. In the overall importance ranking of the 13 second-tier screening items, safety accident prevention education had the highest priority and disaster preparedness training ranked second, proving that the Ministry of Education's review weight was underestimated. In addition, slip and collision accident countermeasures, which were not in the existing Ministry of Education review items, ranked 4th, laboratory practice room safety measures ranked 6th, and sanitation, cleanliness, hazardous substance management, and cafeteria/cooking room safety measures ranked 9th, indicating a significant level of importance. Referring to the importance ranking, which is the result of this study, it is suggested that it is necessary to review the weight of each review item again.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.130-142
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• 2008

Different from other ontology languages, TopicMap is capable of integrating numerous amount of heterogenous information resources using the locational information without any information transformation. Although many conventional editors have been developed for topic maps, they are standalone-type only for writing XTM documents. As a result, these tools request too much time for handling large-scale data and provoke practical problems to integrate with legacy systems which are mostly based on relational database. In this paper, we model a large-scale topic map structure based on XTM 1.0 into RDB structure to minimize the processing time and build up the ontology in legacy systems. We implement a topic map platform called X-TOP that can enhance the efficiency of ontology construction and provide interoperability between XTM documents and database. Moreover, we can use conventional SQL tools and other application development tools for topic map construction in X-TOP. The X-TOP is implemented to have 3-tier architecture to support flexible user interfaces and diverse DBMS. This paper shows the usability of X-TOP by means of the comparison with conventional tools and the application to healthcare cancer ontology management.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.19
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• pp.33-66
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• 2003

This is a comparative and analytical study which comprises of the analysis of the rules of the buyer's remedies where the seller delivers defective goods of four legal systems; Directive, CISG, English law and Korean law. In light of threefold main purposes of this study, it firstly attempts to describe and analyze the remedy provisions of Directive in a comparative way in order to provide legal advice to the sellers who plans to enter into English consumer markets. It shows that the two tier remedial system under Directive is not much different from the other jurisdictions, except where the right of rescission under Directive is absolute in a sense that it does not require a certain degree of seriousness of defect. Secondly, the study compares the rules of one jurisdiction with those of other jurisdictions and evaluates the rules in light of the discipline of comparative law the basic question of which is whether a solution from one jurisdiction may facilitate the systematic development and reform of another jurisdiction. It proves the followings; (1) the reluctance and uncertainty in English law of ordering specific performance based on the discretionary power does not reflect the parties' preference because the order is either uncertain or rather negative where the purchase of substitute goods elsewhere is not a satisfactory solution in many cases; (2) the position in Korean law which has no limitation on the right to require substitute goods is likely unfair in commercial sales, but justified in consumer sales; (3) the right of termination or reduction under Directive which is subject to the applicability of the right to require repair or substitute goods seems to be contrary to the consumer's preference where the defective delivery destroys the basis of trust in the quality of the seller's performance; (4) the absolute right of termination under Directive and English law seems crucial in consumer sales because they are often inferior to commercial sellers in terms of information and bargaining power; (5) the right of reduction as a self-help remedy which is absent in English law emphasizes its usefulness. Thirdly, it finds that, where CISG is deemed to fail to unify different rules on the right to require specific performance between Civil and Common law, it is attempted once again in Directive and notwithstanding their hostility to awarding the right to require specific performance in English law, Regulations 2002 expressively stipulates such right.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.567-581
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• 2008

As the size of the web is growing explosively, search engines are becoming increasingly important as the primary means to retrieve information from the Internet. A search engine periodically downloads web pages and stores them in the database to provide readers with up-to-date search results. The web crawler is a program that downloads and stores web pages for this purpose. A large-scale search engines uses a parallel web crawler to retrieve the collection of web pages maximizing the download rate. However, the service architecture or experimental analysis of parallel web crawlers has not been fully discussed in the literature. In this paper, we propose an architecture of the parallel web crawler and discuss implementation issues in detail. The proposed parallel web crawler is based on the coordinator/agent model using multiple machines to download web pages in parallel. The coordinator/agent model consists of multiple agent machines to collect web pages and a single coordinator machine to manage them. The parallel web crawler consists of three components: a crawling module for collecting web pages, a converting module for transforming the web pages into a database-friendly format, a ranking module for rating web pages based on their relative importance. We explain each component of the parallel web crawler and implementation methods in detail. Finally, we conduct extensive experiments to analyze the effectiveness of the parallel web crawler. The experimental results clarify the merit of our architecture in that the proposed parallel web crawler is scalable to the number of web pages to crawl and the number of machines used.

• The Journal of Small Business Innovation
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.57-74
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• 2016

This paper analyzes the role of strategic fit, cooperation, and performance in small-sized subpart suppliers' interactions with large businesses. For this purpose, this paper analyzes survey data from 90 first-tier suppliers of Samsung Electronics and evaluates how strategic fit and cooperative relationships affect their performance. Empirical analysis suggests that strategic fit positively affects small companies' business and innovation performance. This finding aligns with theories arguing for strategies that accommodate specific business environments. In addition, strategic fit is crucial for innovativeness of SMEs (Small and Medium-sized Enterprises). With regard to forming relationships with large companies, findings also show that high quality technological and personnel cooperation boosts subpart suppliers' productivity and efficiency as notably reflected in SMEs' business performance. Moreover, such cooperation between small and large companies reinforces the benefits associated with strategic fit and innovation. This means that if the business environment of small-sized subpart suppliers is uncertain, harnessing differentiated strategies and pursuing collaborations with prime companies will produce innovative outcomes (e.g., increased patent publications). On the other hand, when degree of uncertainty is small, pursuing cost leadership strategies and collaborating with prime companies in areas, such as technology and personnel, will help small-sized subpart suppliers produce innovative outcomes. Based on these findings, this paper argues that choosing the right competitive strategy for a specific business context is intrinsically tied to (1) augmenting technological and human collaborations with prime companies, (2) improving the quality of these interactions, and (3) generating competitiveness among small subpart suppliers. Both competition and cooperation are necessary for strengthening the competitiveness of small companies.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.53-60
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• 2008

This study was carried out to measure and analyze the vibration levels and modes produced by a hopper type feeder used at laying hen farms, to prevent the vibration resonance and to reduce the vibration of the hopper type feeder (6-tier). The most vibration in a layer house were produced by hopper type feeder as shown the previous study. According to the measurement results, the ratio of transmissibility was as high as 100-638% for natural frequency of 170 Hz or less. And vibration simulations were taken by the results of vibration mode analysis and the weakest points to vibrations were determined accordingly. Then measurement and analysis were taken for those points. The quantities of vibration were 4.6354-4.9118 g($g=9.81^m/s^2$) by axis. In this study, it was found that hopper type feeder generated vibration as much as to influence the ratio of laying eggs of layer. And by the analysis of vibration on the weakest points, design methods and equipment were suggested for isolating/reducing of vibration by each axis.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.8 no.9
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• pp.831-836
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• 1998

The B1914 Ni-base superalloy was manufactured according to crystal structures of poly-, directionally solidified- and single crystals. We observe deformation as type of different crystal structure from room to high temperature. Specimens are controled by cooling rate and thermal gradient and then heat treatment in vacuum and then cooling with Ar gas. Different crystal structure has different stress-strain characteristic. At $600^{\circ}C$, yield strength and ultimate strength is increased single-, directionally solidified- and poly crystals in order.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.344-356
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• 2009

To identify subjective health status of senior citizens' oral health following senior citizens' general characteristics and knowledge and behavior for the oral hygiene, this research conducted individual interview with 237 senior citizens in some parts of Seoul. The results are as follows. 1. Degree of senior citizens' knowledge on the oral hygiene is about Middle. Among the categories on the senior citizens' knowledge on the oral hygiene, teeth's brushing was the highest while knowledge on fluorine was the lowest. 2. Senior citizens who feel that their oral health is healthy when it comes to the subjective health state of senior citizens' oral health following behavior for the oral hygiene, brush their teeth, three times in a day, for more than three minutes (p<.01). Moreover, senior citizens who feel that their oral health is healthy brush different corners of the tongue when brushing (p<.01). 3. In case of knowledge on the oral hygiene following general characteristics, knowledge on the oral hygiene was higher when economic status was higher (p<.01). In case of living expenses, knowledge on the oral hygiene was higher for the senior citizens with pay or income (p<.01). 4. In case of behavior for the oral hygiene, women tended to act for the oral hygiene more than men. As for the method for raising living expenses, senior citizens who receive basic social security check or those at the highest tier tended to act less for the oral hygiene (p<.01). 5. Senior citizens who answered that their oral health is healthy when it comes to the subjective health state of senior citizens' oral cavity tended to have high knowledge on the oral hygiene (p<.01). In conclusion, subjective health status of senior citizens' oral health is higher when the knowledge on the oral hygiene and behavior for the oral hygiene are higher. Accordingly, it is necessary to develop and execute oral hygiene training program to change senior citizens' behavior incrementally and the dental hygienists who can conduct this training should be actively attracted into the senior citizens' oral hygiene training.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.51 no.12
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• pp.20-29
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• 2014

Recently, LTE is preparing to make a new leap forward LTE-A all over the world. As LTE privides high speed service, the role of mobile phones seems to change from voice to data service. According to Cisco, global mobile data traffic will increase nearly 11-fold between 2013 and 2018. Mobile video traffic will reach 75% by 2018 from 66% in 2013 in Korea. However, voice service is still the most important role of mobile phones. Thus, controllability of throughput and low BLER is indispensable for high-quality VoIP service among various type of traffic. Although the maximum AMR-WB, 23.85 Kbps is sufficient to a VoIP call, it is difficult for the LTE which can provide tens to hundreds of MB/s may not keep the certain level VoIP QoS especially in the cell-edge area. This paper proposes a new scheduling algorithm in order to improve VoIP performance after analyzing various scheduling algorithms. The proposal is the technology which applies more priority processing for VoIP than other applications in cell-edge area based on two-tier scheduling algorithm. The simulation result shows the improvement of VoIP performance in the view point of throughput and BLER.