• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.29-37
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• 2024

This study aims to evaluate the performance of the U-Net based learning model that may vary depending on the histogram equalization algorithm. The subject of the experiment were 17 radiology students of this college, and 1,727 data sets in which the region of interest was set in the thyroid after acquiring ultrasound image data were used. The training set consisted of 1,383 images, the validation set consisted of 172 and the test data set consisted of 172. The equalization algorithm was divided into Histogram Equalization(HE) and Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization(CLAHE), and according to the clip limit, it was divided into CLAHE8-1, CLAHE8-2. CLAHE8-3. Deep Learning was learned through size control, histogram equalization, Z-score normalization, and data augmentation. As a result of the experiment, the Attention U-Net showed the highest performance from CLAHE8-2 to 0.8355, and the U-Net and BSU-Net showed the highest performance from CLAHE8-3 to 0.8303 and 0.8277. In the case of mIoU, the Attention U-Net was 0.7175 in CLAHE8-2, the U-Net was 0.7098 and the BSU-Net was 0.7060 in CLAHE8-3. This study attempted to confirm the effects of U-Net, Attention U-Net, and BSU-Net models when histogram equalization is performed on ultrasound images. The increase in Clip Limit can be expected to increase the ROI match with the prediction mask by clarifying the boundaries, which affects the improvement of the contrast of the thyroid area in deep learning model learning, and consequently affects the performance improvement.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Pathology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.13-25
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• 1997

The anticarcinogenic effects of dimethyl disulfide(DMDS, methyl disulfide)and diallyl disulfide(DADA, allyl disulfide) were studied in a 28 weeks rat multi-organ carcinogenesis model. neoplastic and preneoplastic lesions were observed in the liver kidney thyroid gland esophagus duodenum colon, rectum and adrenal gland. Tesults showed that neoplastic lesions in the kidney liver and thyroid gland were inhibited by DADS but those in the liver and colon were enhanced by DMDS when compared to positive control group. incidence of neoplastic lesions in the other organs were not changed by DMDS or DADS exposure. While GST-p positive foci in the liver were increased by DMDS, DADS had no effect. There was no significant histopathological lesion in DMDS or DADS treated group without pretreatment with carcinogens.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.5125-5135
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• 2015

Background: Total fat intake may be associated with increased risk of breast cancer, and fish oil has been suggested as a protection factor to breast cancer. But the effect of vegetable oils is inconclusive. We aimed to investigate the association with high vegetable oils consumption and breast cancer risk, and evaluated their dose-response relationship. Design: We systematically searched the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane databases, and CNKI updated to December 2014, and identified all observational studies providing quantitative estimates between breast cancer risk and different vegetable oils consumption. Fixed or random effect models were used to estimate summary odds ratios for the highest vs. lowest intake, and dose-response relationship was assessed by restricted cubic spline model and generalized least-squares trend (GLST) model. Results: Five prospective cohort studies and 11 retrospective case-control studies, involving 11,161 breast cancer events from more than 150,000 females, met the inclusion criteria. Compared with the lowest vegetable oils consumption, higher intake didn't increased the risk of breast cancer with pooled OR of 0.88 (95% CIs:0.77-1.01), and the result from dose-response analyses didn't show a significant positive or negative trend on the breast cancer risk for each 10g vegetable oil/day increment (OR=0.98, 95% CIs: 0.95-1.01). In the subgroup analyses, the oils might impact on females with different strata of BMI. Higher olive oil intake showed a protective effect against breast cancer with OR of 0.74 (95% CIs: 0.60-0.92), which was not significant among the three cohort studies. Conclusions: This meta-analyses suggested that higher intake of vegetable oils is not associated with the higher risk of breast cancer. Olive oil might be a protective factor for the cancer occurrence among case-control studies and from the whole. Recall bias and imbalance in study location and vegetable oils subtypes shouldn't be ignored. More prospective cohort studies are required to confirm the interaction of the impact of vegetable oils on different population and various cancer characteristic, and further investigate the relationship between different subtype oils and breast cancer.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.60-69
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• 2010

1. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyze the serum lipid, digestive enzymes, thyroid hormone of each Sasang type groups which were classified by Sasang medicine specialist. 2. Methode: The subjects were 1084 (male:female=399:685) person with 371 of Taeeum type, 324 of Soeum type, 389 of Soyang type after the Sasang type classification. The blood samples of the 1084 subjects were to analyze the serum lipid(triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol), digestive enzymes(lipase, amylase), thyroid hormone(T3, TSH). The general linear model (SPSS 12.0) were used for the analysis. 3. Results: Taeeum type group ($133.50\pm89.84$, $189.41\pm33.11$, $107.29\pm28.66$) showed significantly higher triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol than other two group. In digestive enzymes(lipase, amylase), we found significant differences in the order of Soeum>Soyang>Taeeum. Soeum type group($116.23\pm21.38$) has lower T3 than Soyang type group ($119.90\pm21.60$) with marginal significance (p=0.066). 4. Conclusions: The Results of present study showed that Taeeum type showed significantly highest in triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol. Soeum type showed significantly highest in digestive enzymes. Blood sample of each Sasang type group will serve as an important evidence for further study showing that the Sasang typology has biological basis.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.323-329
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of radiation shielding on the thyroid organ dose and image quality during Chest PA examination using automatic exposure control system. This study was conducted in the patient posture and examination conditions such as Chest PA using human model phantom. An experiment without shielding was set as a control group (non) and the cases of using paper coated with a contrast agent (contrast) and bismuth (bismuth) were used as experimental groups. Compared to non-shielded(non), the dose at bismuth increased about 7% in C(cervical vertebrae)5 and C6 and 14% in C7 and contrast showed dose increases of about 17 to 19% in C5 and C6 and about 21% in C7. As a result of the image quality comparison, when measured in the center of the cervical vertebrae, both SNR and CNR in bismuth increased about 40% higher than non, and contrast showed about 8 to 9% improvement. Compared with soft tissues of the cervix, bismuth reduced SNR by about 15% and CNR by about 13%, in contrast, SNR decreased by 11%, and CNR decreased by about 10%. In the Chest PA using AEC, the method of using the shield in front of the collimator has the advantage to observe the anatomical structure of the neck area well compared to the method using the lead. However, the dose at the neck can be increased by 7-21% depending on shielding materials.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.75-81
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to perform a convergence study for the investigation of the trend of research topics related to thyroid cancer in Korea. We collected related research papers from DBpia and employed LDA-based topic model. In result, we identified four research topics, each of which concerns "Surgery", "Disease aggressiveness", "Survival analysis", and "Well-being of patients". With multinomial logistic regression, we found significant time trend, where "Surgery"-related topic was popular before 2000, topics regarding "Disease aggressiveness" and "Survival analysis" were frequently addressed in the 2000s, and "Survival analysis" and especially "Well-being of patients" have been pursued since 2010. The findings would serve as a reference guide for research directions. Future work may examine whether the recent change in research topics is observed in other diseases.

• Healthcare Informatics Research
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.394-401
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• 2018

Objectives: Augmented reality (AR) technology has become rapidly available and is suitable for various medical applications since it can provide effective visualization of intricate anatomical structures inside the human body. This paper describes the procedure to develop an AR app with Unity3D and Vuforia software development kit and publish it to a smartphone for the localization of critical tissues or organs that cannot be seen easily by the naked eye during surgery. Methods: In this study, Vuforia version 6.5 integrated with the Unity Editor was installed on a desktop computer and configured to develop the Android AR app for the visualization of internal organs. Three-dimensional segmented human organs were extracted from a computerized tomography file using Seg3D software, and overlaid on a target body surface through the developed app with an artificial marker. Results: To aid beginners in using the AR technology for medical applications, a 3D model of the thyroid and surrounding structures was created from a thyroid cancer patient's DICOM file, and was visualized on the neck of a medical training mannequin through the developed AR app. The individual organs, including the thyroid, trachea, carotid artery, jugular vein, and esophagus were localized by the surgeon's Android smartphone. Conclusions: Vuforia software can help even researchers, students, or surgeons who do not possess computer vision expertise to easily develop an AR app in a user-friendly manner and use it to visualize and localize critical internal organs without incision. It could allow AR technology to be extensively utilized for various medical applications.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.9
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• pp.211-216
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the usefulness of a newly fusion model designed cloak shield to reduce the radiation exposure of the assistant during CT(computed tomography) of severely injured patient. Radiation dose was measured in the heart, both axillary and thyroid areas using newly designed cloak shield and existing shield with head phantom and human phantom under the same conditions as brain vascular CT scan. The newly designed cloak shield was measured higher for radiation shielding rate than the existing shields, 61.9 % for heart, 46.2 % for left axillary, 69.8 % for right axillary and 71.1 % for thyroid gland, respectively. a newly developed fusion model of cloak shields are useful for reducing radiation exposure. It is expected to make a significant contribution to reduction of radiation exposure.

• International journal of thyroidology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.160-166
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• 2018

Background and objectives: Salivary hypofunction is one of the common side effects after radioiodine therapy, and its pathophysiology is salivary ductal stenosis resulting from ductal cell injury. This study aimed to develop the functional culture environment of human parotid gland ductal cells in in vitro three-dimensional perfusion culture system. Materials and Methods: We compared plastic dish culture method and three-dimensional culture system containing Matrigel and nanofiber. Morphogenesis of reconstituted salivary structures was assessed by histomorphometry. Functional characteristics were assessed by immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (aquaporin 5, CK7, CK18, connexin 43, and p21). In addition, we designed the media perfusion culture system and identified higher rate of cell proliferation and expression of connexin 43 in perfusion system comparing to dish. Results: Human parotid ductal cells were well proliferated with the ductal cell characters under environment with Matrigel. In the presence of Matrigel, aquaporin 5, CK18 and connexin 43 were more expressed than 2D dish and 3D nanofiber setting. In the media perfusion culture system, ductal cells in 3D culture media showed higher cells count and connexin 43 expression compared to 2D dish. Conclusion: This in vitro ductal cell perfusion culture system using Matrigel could be used to study for radioiodine induced sialadenitis model in vivo.

• Journal of Medicine and Life Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.34-38
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• 2019

Hypogonadism is a clinical syndrome that results in hormone deficiency and can be classified as 1) primary caused by the gonadal failure and 2) secondary by the hypothalamus-pituitary gland dysfunction and/or cardiometabolic complications. Recently the presence of thyroid hormone receptors in different testicular cell types was demonstrated, and thus thyroid dysfunctions would be another cause of secondary hypogonadism. Thus, we investigated the effects of perinatal hypothyroidism on hypogonadism in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Perinatal hypothyroidism was induced by daily administration of 0.05% 6-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU) by tap water from gestation day 15, which were compared with negative control (PTU (-)) group. At postnatal day 28, hypothyroid pups were divided into 2 groups: PTU (+) group - continued PTU treatment and PTU (+/-) group - stopped PTU until postnatal day 49. Body weights, dehydrotesosterone (DHT), and testosterone levels were checked 2 and 3 weeks after grouping. Body weights were significantly decreased in PTU(+) and PTU(+/-) groups compared with PTU (-) group at postnatal day 28. 3 weeks later, PTU (+/-) group significantly gained weight compared with PTU (+) group. DHT and testosterone levels significantly decreased with PTU treatment, but increased 3 weeks after stopping PTU administration. Perinatal PTU-induced hypothyroid hypogonadism was sustained for 2 weeks after stopping PTU administration, but restored gonadal hormone levels 3 weeks after stopping PTU. These results suggest that researchers should design an experiment on hypothyroid hypogonadism based on the estimated period.