• 대한세포병리학회지
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.134-137
• /
• 1996

Monoclonal antibody(TCM-9) against human thyroid cancers have been studied by screening with human thyroid cancers, normal and benign thyroid tissue, and normal human serum protein. A monoclonal antibody(TCM-9) that is known to have strong specificity for human thyroid cancer but not for Graves' disease, adenoma or normal thyroid does not bind to native or mature human thyroglobulin(Tg). We used to TCM-9 antibody by immunohistochemical staining on 5 follicular cancer, 2 follicular adenoma, 1 follicular neoplasm with suspicious invasion, 2 papillary cancer to ascertain being of help in differentiation between follicular carcinoma and adenoma. Reactivity of TCM-9 was observed in follicular carcinoma and papillary carcinoma but not observed in follicular adenoma. Thus TCM-9 is a novel monoclonal antibody against the thyroid cancer.

• The Korean journal of internal medicine
• /
• 제33권6호
• /
• pp.1050-1057
• /
• 2018

Thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) is a class G immunoglobulin and a conventional marker for thyroid autoimmunity. From a clinical perspective, TgAb is less useful than thyroid peroxidase antibodies for predicting thyroid dysfunction. However, TgAb is found more frequently in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) and can interfere with thyroglobulin (Tg) measurements, which are used to monitor the recurrence or persistence of DTC. Recent studies suggested a small but consistent role for preoperative TgAb in predicting DTC in thyroid nodules, and in reflecting adverse tumor characteristics or prognosis, including lymph node metastasis, but this is still controversial. Postoperative TgAb can serve as a biomarker for remnant thyroid tissue, so follow-up measures of TgAb are useful for predicting cancer recurrence in DTC patients. Since high serum TgAb levels may also affect the fine needle aspiration washout Tg levels from suspicious lymph nodes of DTC patients, it is important to use caution when interpreting the washout Tg levels in patients who are positive for TgAb.

• 대한핵의학회지
• /
• 제13권1_2호
• /
• pp.61-71
• /
• 1979

The authors investigated the incidence of antithyroglobulin antibodies and antibodies and antimicrosomal antibodies measured by tanned red cell hemagglutination method in subjects suffering from various thyroid disorders. 1) In 15 normal patients, neither suffering from any thyroid diseases nor from any other autoimmune disorders, the anti thyroglobulin antibodies were all negative, but the antimicrosomal antibody was positive only in one patient (6.7%). 2) The antithyroglobulin antibodies were positive in 31.5% (34 patients) of 108 patients with various thyroid diseases, and the antimicrosomal antibodies were positive in 37.0% (40 patients). 3) of the 25 patients with Graves' diseases, 7 patients (28.0%) showed positive for the antithyroglobulin antibodies, and 9(36.0%) for the antimicrosomal antibodies. There was no definite differences in clinical and thyroid functions between the groups with positive and negative results. 4) Both antibodies were positive in 16(88.9%) and 17(94.4%) patients respectively among 18 patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, all of them were diagnosed histologically. 5) Three out of 35 patients with thyroid adenoma showed positive antibodies, and 3 of 16 patients with thyroid carcinoma revealed positive antibodies. 6) TRCH antibodies demonstrated negative results in 2 patients with subacute thyroiditis, but positive in one patient with idiopathic primary myxedema. 7) The number of patients with high titers ($>1:80^2$) was 16 for antithyroglobulin antibody and 62.5%(10 patients) of which was Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Thirteen(65.0) of 20 patients with high titers($>1:80^2$) for antimicrosomal antibody was Hashimoto's thyroiditis. TRCH test is a simple, sensitive method, and has high reliablity and reproducibility. The incidences and titers of antihyroglobulin antibody and antimicrosomal antibody are especially high in Hashimoto's thyroiditis.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.85-88
• /
• 2007

Hashimoto's encephalopathy has been described as a steroid-responsive syndrome of encephalopathy associated with high serum concentration of anti-thyroid antibodies. We report a 67-year-old woman who presented with myoclonus involving both upper extremities. Brain MRI and EEG showed no diagnostic abnormalities. Thyroid functions were normal, but anti-thyroid antibodies were elevated both in serum and in CSF. Hashimoto's encephalopathy can present with myoclonus even without outstanding encephalopathic feature, therefore anti-thyroid antibody test should be included in diagnostic test in patient with myoclonus.

• 정신신체의학
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.227-235
• /
• 2016

연구목적 본 연구의 목적은 자가면역 갑상선장애 환자에서 인지결함의 발생 빈도를 알아보고, 이에 영향 미치는 변인을 규명하며, 특히 갑상선 자가항체와의 연관성을 알아보기 위함이다. 방 법 여성 자가면역 갑상선장애 환자 65명을 대상으로 구조적 면담을 통해서 인구학적 정보를 얻었으며, 한국판 Mini-Mental State Examination(Korean Version of the Mini-Mental State Examination, MMSE-K)와 한국판 Montreal Cognitive Assessment(Korean Version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA-K)를 사용해서 인지기능을 평가하였고, 한국판 Depression Rating Scale(Korean Version of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, K-HDRS)를 사용해서 우울증을 평가하였다. 결 과 1) MMSE-K 총점 24점 이하는 7.69%, MoCA-K 총점 22점 이하는 10.77%였다. 인지기능 저하의 빈도는 antimicrosomal 항체 양성군(N=38, 58.46%)과 음성군(N=27) 간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 2) Antimicrosomal 항체 양성군과 음성군의 변인별 차이를 비교한 결과, 음성군보다 양성군에서 antithyroglobulin 항체 수치, antimicrosomal 항체 수치, TSH 농도는 유의하게 높았고, free T4는 유의하게 낮았다(각각 p<0.05). 3) 자가면역 갑상선장애 환자의 인지기능과 여러 변인의 연관성을 분석한 결과, MMSE-K 검사와 MoCA-K 검사의 총점은 연령, 결혼상태, antithyroglobulin 항체 수치, K-HDRS 총점과 각각 유의한 상관관계가 있었다(각각 p<0.05). 4) 회귀분석 결과, 연령, 교육수준, 갑상선 자가항체, 갑상선기능, 우울증은 자가면역 갑상선장애 환자의 인지기능에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 결 론 본 연구의 결과는 자가면역 갑상선장애 환자의 인지기능과 갑상선 자가항체의 연관성을 지지할 수 없었다.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.46-51
• /
• 1999

Background: Total thyroidectomy and postoperative radiodiodine ablation therapy in differentiated thyroid carcinomas enhance the reliability of serum thyroglobulin(Tg) levels and radioiodine scan in detecting recurrence or distant metastasis. There have been, however, some limitations in using these methods under certain conditions. Recently, several reports have indicated that thyroid peroxidase(TPO) could be used as an alternative tumor marker. We aimed to estimate the significance of serum TPO levels in differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Materials and Methods: Forty-eight patients who had undergone total thyroidectomy due to papillary thyroid carcinomas and who had been followed-up for at least 3 years were classified into two groups: 27 patients without any evidence of recurrence in group 1; and 20 patients with recurrence or distant metastasis in group 2. All patients were examined by radioiodine scans. Serum Tg, TSH, antithyroglobulin antibody, and TPO were measured and the relationships were statistically analyzed. The sensitivity and specificity of $^{131}I$ scan, serum Tg, and serum TPO were evaluated. Results: Serum Tg levels were $3.81{\pm}5.16ng/mL$ in group 1 and $147.02{\pm}193.75ng/mL$ in group 2. Only 2 patients in group 1 showed Tg levels exceeding 10ng/mL. In contrast, 4 patients in group 2 were under 10ng/mL. Serum antithyroglobulin antibody and TSH levels showed no statistical difference between the two groups. In group 1, 16 patients showed negative serum TPO results, and 4 patients in group 2 showed negative results. There was no correlation among serum Tg levels, antithyroglobulin antibody titers, and serum TPO levels in each group. In group 2, 4 patients with negative serum Tg levels showed positive TPO results and positive whole body scans. Two cases with false negative $^{131}I$ scans showed positive serum TPO and Tg results. In 4 cases showing false negative serum TPO levels, serum Tg levels and $^{131}I$ scans were positive. Conclusion: Serum Tg levels, radioiodine scans, and serum TPO levels can be clinically used as complementary methods in the diagnosis of recurrent or metastatic thyroid carcinomas. Serum TPO levels may be helpful when other methods fail to detect recurrences or distant metastasis in highly suspected patients.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.3-10
• /
• 2002

Background: The molecular pathogenesis of hereditary medullary thyroid carcinoma is well known to be associated with germ-line mutation in the RET proto-oncogene and sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma has been shown to carry somatic RET mutation especially in exon 13 and 16. The aim of this study is to evaluate the genetic background in the pathogenesis of the sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma which shows extremely high incidence in Korea. Materials and Methods: Direct DNA sequencing for RET exon 13 and 16, as well as immunohistochemistrical assay for a monoclonal RET antibody were performed from 20 cases of archival tissues of medullary thyroid carcinoma. Results: Monoclonal RET antibody with C-terminal epitope showed comparatively stronger expression in tumor cells than in normal tissues and immunoreactive area in the tumor was $66.0{\pm}40.1%$. Direct sequencing of RET exon 13 revealed 4 cases of mis-sense mutations in Codon 778, Codon 767, and both in Codon 768 and 778. One case showed a silent mutation (ACG-ACT) in RET exon 16 (Codon 926). Conclusions: The strong RET immunoreactivity of medullary thyroid carcinoma may suggest that there could be a genetic alteration in oncoprotein level. RET proto-oncogene mutation may be involved in the evolutional process of medullary thyroid carcinoma in the aspect of molecular basis.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.141-148
• /
• 1999

Objectives: The development of thyroid tumor has a relationship with carcinogen, oncogene and tumor suppressor gene. With aminotriazole, radioactive iodine and nitrosomethylurea as carcinogens in rat, authors investigate the incidence in type of the thyroid tumors, p21 and p53 protein expression pattern by immunohistochemical stain and the relationship between the tumors and p21-p53 protein expressions. Materials and Methods: 80 experimental animals were divided into four groups; group 1(control, no carcinogen, n=20), group 2(oral administration of aminotriazole for 36 weeks, n=20), group 3(intraperitoneal injection of 131I for one time and oral administration of aminotriazole for 36 weeks, n=20), group 4(oral administration of nitrosomethylurea for 3 days and aminotriazole for 36 weeks, n=20). After 40 weeks they were sacrificed with pathologic examination and we performed immunohistochemical staining with pan-ras monoclonal antibody for p21 protein and CMI polyclonal antibody for p53 protein with paraffin-embedded specimens. Results: 1) No tumors were observed in group I, but 38.3% of nodular goiters, 11.7% of adenomas and 50.0% of carcinomas were observed in carcinogen treated groups(group 2, 3, 4). 2) The incidence of nodular goiter, adenoma and carcinoma were 70%, 20% and 10% in group 2, 40%, 15% and 45% in group 3 and 5%, 0% and 95% in group 4. 3) p21 protein was not expressed in normal thyroid tissues but was expressed in 26.1% of nodular goiters, 42.9% of adenomas and 6.7% of carcinomas. On the other hands, p53 protein was not expressed in normal thyroid tissues, nodular goiters, adenomas and in well differentiated thyroid carcinomas by immunohistochemical stain. Conclusion: The authors suggest that aminotrizole, 131I, nitrosomethylurea can be etiologic agents in the development of thyroid tumor and the p21 protein can be expressed in the early stage and in benign condition of thyroid tumor but p53 protein is not expressed in all conditions of development in rats.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
• /
• 제31권3호
• /
• pp.149-154
• /
• 2004

Objective: To assess the association with autoimmune endocrine diseases and detection rate of autoimmune antibodies and its clinical significance in patients with premature ovarian failure. Methods: Twenty eight patients with primary or secondary amenorrhea manifesting hormonal and clinical features of premature ovarian failure (primary POF: 7, secondary POF: 21) were investigated. We tested them TFT, 75 g OGTT, ACTH and S-cortisol for thyroiditis, IDDM, Addison's disease, and antithyoglobulin antibody, antimicrosomal antibody, antinuclear antibody, rheumatic factor, anti-smooth muscle antibody, anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody for non-organ specific autoimmune disorders. Results: Only one patient was diagnosed as IDDM and no patients had abnormal TFT or adrenal function test. More than one kind of autoantibody was detected in 11 patients of all (39.2%): 5 patients (71.4%) of primary POF group and 6 patients (21.4%) of secondary POF group. Eleven patients (39.3%) had antithyroglobulin antibody, 4 (14.3%) had antimicrosomal antibody, 2 (7.1%) had antinuclear antibody, 2 (7.1%) had rheumatic factor, 1 (3.6%) had anti-smooth muscle antibody, 1 (3.6%) had anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody. Conclusions: Premature ovarian failure may occur as a component of an autoimmune polyglandular syndrome, so patients should be measured with free thyroxine, thyroid-stimulating hormone, fasting glucose and electrolytes. Measurement of thyroid autoantibodies in POF patients may be important in identifying patients at risk of developing overt hypothyoidism, but other autoantibodies may not be suitable for screening test.

• 대한핵의학회지
• /
• 제28권3호
• /
• pp.343-349
• /
• 1994

연구배경 : 자가면역성 갑상선염에서는 갑상선기능 상태가 일정하지가 않고 저하상태, 정상 또는 항진상태로 나타나기도 하며 또한 경과에 따라서 달라지기도 하는데, 갑상선기능검사소견에 있어서나 자가항체의 발현에 있어서도 다양한 소견을 나타내고 있다 이에 저자들은 자가면역상태의 발현 상태와 갑상선 기능상태의 상관성을 규명하고자 본 연구를 시도하였다. 방법 : 자가면역성 갑상선염 161예를 대상으로 치료제를 투여하기 전에 핵의학적 갑상선기능 검사 및 자가면역항체를 검사하여 상호의 결과를 대조비교 분석하였다. 결과 : 161예는 모두 여자였으며 평균 연령은 33세였고, 20대와 30대에 많았으며, 연령이 최소 10세에서 최고 73세까지였다. 방사성옥소 갑상선섭취율은 6시간치가 평균 $30.90{\pm}21.80(mean{\pm}SD)%$, 24시간치가 $37.97{\pm}23.25%$ 였으며, 혈청 T3치는 $1.41{\pm}0.48ng/m1$, T4는 $7.26{\pm}3.23ug/d1$, TSH치는 $17.99{\pm}30.72uIU/m1$, FT4치는 $1.11{\pm}0.66ng/dl$이었다. 항thyroglobulin항체는 $24.43{\pm}31.91U/m1$이었고, 항microsome항체는 평균 $55.32{\pm}41.97U/ml$이었다. 방사성옥소 갑상선섭취율은 혈청 갑상선호르몬치와는 유의한 음의 상관관계를 나타내었고, 혈청 TSH치와는 유의한 양의 상관성을 보였다. 혈청 갑상선호르몬치와 TSH치와는 유의한 음의 상관성이 저명하였다. 방사성옥소 갑상선섭취율과 혈청 free T4는 각각 연령에 역비례하여 감소하는 경향이 있었다. 항micro-some항체는 혈청 TSH와 양의 상관성이 있었다(p<0.001). 임상적소견에서 갑상선기능항진증이 3예(1.9%), 갑상선기능저하증이 24예 (14.9%)였으며, 갑상선기능이 정상으로 유지된 예가 134예(83.2%)였다. 갑상선기능에 이상이 있는 예에서는 자가항체가 상승된 예는 더 많았다. 결론 :자가면역성 갑상선염의 초진시에 갑상선기능항진 1.9%, 갑상선기능저하 14.9%였으며, 83.2%에서는 임상적으로 정상 갑상선기능의 소견을 나타내었다. 전체적으로 보아서 방사성옥소 갑상선섭취율은 약간 증가하였고, 혈청 갑상선호르몬은 정상 범위에 있는 경향이 있었고, 혈청 TSH치는 증가하는 경향이 있었다. 혈청 thyroglobulin치, 항thyroglobulin항체, 및 항microsome항체의 출현 빈도는 기능장애가 있는 예에서 많았고, 항microsome항체는 혈청 TSH치와 다소의 상관성이 있었다.