• 제목/요약/키워드: Three Days To See

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흰쥐의 위점막에 Paclitaxel (Taxol)과 방사선조사의 효과 (Effect of the Paclitaxel and Radiation on the Gastric Mucosa of the Rat)

  • 이경자;구혜수
    • Radiation Oncology Journal
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    • 제17권4호
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    • pp.314-320
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    • 1999
  • 목적 : Paclitaxel(Toxol)은 미소관의 집합을 촉진시키고 분해를 방지하는 미소관 억제제로서 이 작용은 세포주기 중 방사선에 예민한 G2fM 시기에 일어나기 때문에 방사선조사와 병용할 경우 방사선감작제 가능성이 있다. Paclitaxel과 방사선조사를 병용하여 흰쥐의 위점막에서 paclitaxe이 방사선의 효과에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위하여 본 연구를 시행하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 실험군은 paclitaxel 단독군, 방사선조사 단독군 및 paclitaxel과 방사선조사 병용군의 세 군으로 분류하여 paclltaxel 단독군은 paclitaxel (10 mg/kg)을 복강내 1회 주입하였고, 방사조사 단독군은 8 Gy를 전복부에 단일 조사하였으며, paclitaxel과 방사선조사 병용군은 paclitaxel (10 mg/kg)을 복강내 주입 후 24시간에 방사선조사 단독군과 동일한 방법으로 방사선조사하였다. 실험 완료 후 위점막 내 유사분열수, apoptosis와 기타 점막의 변화를 시간별로(6, 24시간, 3일 및 5일) 비교관찰하였다. 결과 : Paclitaxel 주입 후 위점막 내 유사분열은 증가하지 않았고 apoptosis는 6시간에 $5.75\%$였고 3일까지 비슷하게 지속되었다. Paclitaxel 주입 후 경미한 위선의 확장이 24시간에 관찰되었고, 세포의 비정형이 24시간과 3일에 보였으나 5일에는 정상으로 회복되었다. 방사선조사 단독군에서 apoptosis는 6시간에 $6.0\%$로 가장 많았으며 24시간에 $1.25\%$로 감소되었고 5일까지 지속되었다. 위선의 확장과 세포의 비정형은 방사선조사 후 6시간부터 5일까지 계속해서 경미하게 보였다. Paclltaxei과 방사선조사 병용군은 apoptosis가 6, 24시간, 3일 및 5일에 각각 5.5, 4.5, 4.0, $4.0\%$로 방사선조사 단독군에 비하여 24시간부터 많아졌고 3일에는 통계학적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다. 위선의 확장과 세포의 비정형은 Paclitaxel과 방사선조사 병용군에서 방사선조사 단독군에 비하여 증가되지 않았다. 결론 : 흰쥐의 위점막은 paclitaxel 주입 후 24시간에 방사선조사를 시행한 결과 apoptosis를 종말점으로 볼 때 paclitaxel의 첨가효과만을 보여 주었다.

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생체실험을 통한 좌심실보조기의 평가 (Evaluation of Left Ventricular Assist Device through In Vivo Experiments)

  • 박성근;원용순;정필섭;최진욱;김인영;이규백;민병구
    • 대한의용생체공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 대한의용생체공학회 1993년도 추계학술대회
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    • pp.89-92
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    • 1993
  • In this article, we present and analyze the results of the three consecutive in vivo experiments of the LVAD to evaluate the function of the LVAD and the adverse effects on living animals. We applied the LVAD consecutively to three mongrel dogs and the circulation of the blood was assisted under the anesthesia. We used in general both the asynchronous mode and the synchronous mode to drive the LVAD. During the experiments we monitored the dogs with a polygraph to evaluate the function of the LVAD and the additional effects on the natural hearts. We also examined several clinical pathologic tests in order to see the effects of the LVAD to the red blood cells and the other internal organs. The dogs survived for two to there days. The LVAD assisted the circulatory system at the maximum assist flow rate of 3.0 1/min. Although the red blood cells of the dogs had mechanical damages by the LVAD to result in the hemolysis, the degree of the hemolysis was not so high and the damages caused by the hemolysis on the dogs were not serious. The myocardium of the first dog was gradually worsened and eventually failed. The damage of the myocardium was due to the asynchronous driving mode of the LVAD. The other organs did not have serious damages due to the application of the LVAD. The main purpose of this paper is to evaluate the results of the in vivo experiments of the LVAD and to find better ways to the application of the LVAD to human beings.

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향약구급방(鄕藥救急方)에 대(對)한 고증(考證) (A research on Hyang-Yack-Ku-Keup-Bang(鄕藥救急方) (Restoration and Medico-Historic Investigation))

  • 신영일
    • 한국한의학연구원논문집
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    • 제2권1호
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    • pp.71-83
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    • 1996
  • Hyang-Yack-Ku-Keup-Bang(鄕藥救急方) is our own, medical work written about the middle of the time of Korea Dynasty. I restored and researched this book because it needed to be illuminated about its medico-historic value and then I came to some conclusions as follows. 1. Hyang-Yack-Ku-Keup-Bang was published in Dae-jang-do-kam(大藏都監) of Kanghaw island(江華島) about the middle of Korea Dynasty. Choi Ja-ha(崔自河) republished it on original publication ground in Euiheung(義興) of Kyungsang-Province(慶尙道) in July, Taejong's(太宗) 17th year of Chosen Dynasty (A.D.1417) and this book was published again in Chungcheng Province(忠淸道) in Sejong's(世宗) 9th year(A.D.1427). The book published in Taejong's days was in the possession of books department of Kung-nae-cheng(宮內廳) in Japan and was the oldest medical book of existing ones. 2. Bang-Jung-Hyang-Yack-Mock-Cho-Bu(方中鄕藥目草部) of this book was originally intended to be adjusted in each division with the title of Bang-Jung-Hyang-Yack-Mock(方中鄕藥目). But Herb part(草部) only followed editing progress of Jeung-Lew-Bon-Cho(證類本草), the rest is not divided into each part and is together arranged at the below of Herb part with the title of Bang-Jung-Hyang-Yack-Mock-Cho-Bu. The Korean inscriptions on some drugstuffs in this book are different between Native Name(鄕名) of three volumes of provisions and general-spoken(俗云) of Bang-Jung-Hyang-Yack-Mock-Cho-Bu. In this, it is estimated that the publishing time and editor of tile volume of provisions and Bang-Jung-Hyang-Yack-Mock-Cho-Bu are different. I think Choi Ja-ha compiled this behind three volumes of provisions when he published. 3. This book picked some prescriptions which consisted of obtainable drugs with ease in Korea in the books of Chell-Keum-Yo-Bang(千金要方), Oi-Dae-Bi-Yo(外臺秘要), Tae-Peong-Sung-Hye-Bang(太平聖惠方), Ju-Hu-Bang(?後方), Kyung-Hum-Yang- Bang(經驗良方) Bo-Je-Bon-Sa-Bang(普濟本事方) Bi-Ye-Baik-Yo-Bang(備預百要方) and so on and got together our own prescriptions. On the whole Bi-Ye-Baik-Yo-Bang was a chief referrence book, On this, other books referred to and corrected. 4. In provisions quoted from Hyang-Yack-Jip-Sung-Bang(鄕藥集成方), there are seven provisions; leg-paralysis part, coughing part, headache part, obstetrics part, etc. don't show in this book. This is why Choi Ja-ha published only certain texts on Dae-jang-do-kam edition his own posession. So we can think the existing edition has a little misses compared with original edition. 5. This book recorded only names of drugstuffs in animal drug department like fowls, crab, goldbug, earthworm, etc. and didn't tell us ways of taking those. This is effect of Buddhist culture on medicine. This is efforts to practice 'Don't murder';one of Five Prohibition of Buddhism. 6. Beacause this book was published at the time, when our originative medicine would be set forth. This followed the Chinese ways in Theory, Treatment, Prescription and used 'Hyang Yack' in Medication out of theory of Korean medicine, which was a transitional form. So this is all important material which tell us aspects of development of 'Hyang Yack' the middle of Korea Dynasty.and this is also the beginning of originative, medical works like Dong-Eui-Bo-Kam(東醫寶鑑), Dong-Eui-Su-Bo-Won(東醫壽世保元). 7. There are few contents based on 'Byen-Jeung-Lon-Chi(辨證論治)'in this book. So we can see this book is not for doctors who study medical thoughts but for general public who suffer from diseases resulted from war. Because this book was written for a first-aid treatmeant, this is an index of medical service for the people those days. And this is also an useful datum for first-aid medicine or military medicine in these modern days. 8. Nowadays, parts of learned world of Korean medicine disregard essential theories and want to explain Korean medicine only by the theories or the methods of Western medicine. Moreover they don't adopt Chinese and Japanese theorys & thoughts about Oriental medicine in our own style and just view in there level. What was worse, there is a growing tendency for them to indulge in a trimming policy of scholarship and to take others' ideas. I think these trends to ignore our own medical thoughts involving growth of 'Hyang Yack' in the middle of Korea Dynasty, Dong-Eui-Bo-Kam and Dong-Eui-Su-Se-Bo-Won. So we, as researchers of Korean medicine, must get out of this tendency, and take over brilliant tradition and try to develop originative Korean medicine.

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핵의학 영상검사 후 시행된 핵의학 검체검사에서의 영향 (The Effect on The Result, in Case of the In-vitro Test Performance after an Imaging Test)

  • 문기춘;권원현;김정인;이인원
    • 핵의학기술
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    • 제18권1호
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    • pp.149-152
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    • 2014
  • 핵의학과 영상검사 후에 검체검사를 시행할 경우 결과값에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 PET-CT, Gated Myocardial SPECT, DTPA GFR Scan을 시행하기 전 후에 채혈하여 Tumor marker (AFP,CEA,CA19-9), Hormone (TSH,T3,TG,TG Ab)검사를 시행하여 Difference를 구하였다. 대부분의 결과가 10% 이내의 차이를 나타냈지만 Table 7의 sample 2와 Table 8의 sample 1, sample 6, sample 8의 저 농도 값에서 20%를 넘는 차이를 나타내는 경우가 있었다. 그렇지만 cpm값은 Table 7의 sample 2는 984(전), 1057(후) Table 8의 sample 1은 243(전), 301(후) sample 6은 58(전), 64(후) sample 8은 258(전), 203(후)으로 매우 흡사한 값을 나타냈다. 이 같은 값을 바탕으로 볼 때 영상검사를 시행한 후에 검체검사를 시행하더라도 결과값에 미치는 영향은 없는 것으로 판단된다.

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Festulolium braunii 교잡종의 재배특성, 사료가치 및 수량성 (Dry Matter Yields of the Hybrids Associated with Festulolium braunii)

  • 성병렬;김맹중;임근발;임용우;김기용;최기준
    • 한국초지조사료학회지
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    • 제26권2호
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    • pp.91-96
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    • 2006
  • 새로 도입되는 목초 Festulolium pratensis ${\times}$ Lolium muitiforum의 속간 교잡종인 Festulolium braunii의 내한성, 출수기, 사료가치 및 수량 등을 구명하여 우리나라 재배 가능성을 검토하고 자, 2004년 9월부터 2005년 7월까지 수원 및 남원에 있는 농촌진흥청 축산연구소 시험포장에서 동시에 수행한 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. Festulolium braunii 교잡종 Fleurial, Boxer 및 Perun 등 3개 교잡종의 내한성은 수원과 남원에서 화산101호 보다 강한 것으로 나타나, 국내 재배시 내한성의 문제는 거의 없을 것으로 보인다. 3개 교잡종의 평균 출수기는 남원에서 5월 25일, 수원에서 5월 27일로서, 화산101호 보다 $1{\sim}3$일 늦은 중만숙이었으며, 초장은 1차 수확기에 $91{\sim}96cm$, 2차에는 $93{\sim}87cm$로 비교적 긴 편이며, 도복도 강하였으며, 재생력도 우수하였다. ha당 청예 총 수량은 지역간, 교잡종간 유의적 차이가 인정되었으며, 수원의 평균 수량은 83,222kg, 남원은 69,139kg으로 수원에서 수량성이 높았으며, 2개 지역의 평균 수량에서도 화산101호의 64,944.kg에 비하여 Perun 은 129%로 가장 많이 증수하였으며 Fleurial, Boxer도 $123{\sim}l17%$ 각각 증수 되었다. 그리고, 건물수량은 지역간에는 차이가 인정되지 않았으나 교잡종간에는 화산101호의 10,589kg에 비하여 Perun, Fleurial 및 Boxer가 각각 16,941 kg, 16,519kg 및 15,826kg으로 $149{\sim}160%$까지 증수되었다. 3개 교잡종들의 조성분 및 사료가치에서, 조단백질 함량은 Perun 18.0%, Fleuria 17.4% 및 Boxer 16.7%로 비교적 높게 나타났으며, 조지방 함량은 다소 높으면서 조섬유 함량 역시 낮으나 회분 함량은 다소 높은 편이며 소화율도 매우 높게 나타났는데, 이에 대한 연차간 변이가 있는지를 향후 구명되어져야 한다. 사료가치에서 ADF는 화산101호의 33.2%보다 더 낮은 $28.1{\sim}29.2%$이었으며, NDF는 화산101호의 58.3 보다 다소 적은 $51.3{\sim}54.5%$로 나타나므로써 이들 교잡종들의 사료품질 및 가치가 매우 높았음을 알 수 있다.

관상식물 삽목발근에 있어서 NAA, IBA 및 Ethychlozate의 발근촉진효과와 그 생리학적연구 (The Promotive Effect of NAA, IBA and Ethychlozate on Rooting Cuttings of Certain Ornamental Plants and Some Physiological Studies.)

  • 정해준;곽병화
    • 자연과학논문집
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    • 제1권
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    • pp.115-198
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    • 1987
  • The present studies were undertaken to elucidate the influence of auxins, auxin-like substance-ethychlozate ("Figaron"),and pH and sort of rooting media on rooted propagation of certainornamental woody plant cuttings, and to see possible changes in internal compositions characterizing after root-promoting treatment as the cutting stage proceeded. The experimental check-up srevealed and summarized as seen in the following;I. Effect of three different auxin treatments on rooting cuttings: 1) Promotive influence of auxin varied according to different concentration levels, hours of dipping treatment of the auxins, and kind of plants. The greatest effect was obtained for Forsythia ksreana with NAA and IBA, for Ligustrurn obtusifolium var. variegatum with NAA and ethychlozate, for Hydrangea macrophylla, Magnolia kobus, and Magnolia liliflora with NAA, lBA and ethychlozate also. The most effective level of the promotive agents was found 200mg/l for NAA, 1000mg/l for IBA, and 200mg/l for ethychlozate. For Weigela florida and Gardenia jasminoides, range of the most effective level was shown relatively wide spread. 2) NAA was more effective at its optimal level of the rooting agent than ethychiozate for Weigela florida, Viburnum awabuki, Forsythia koreana, Acer palmatum 'Nomura', Bouga invillea glabra, Elaeagnus umbellata, Prunus tomentosa, Ligustrum obtusifolium, Pyracantha coccinea, Cestrum noctu rnum, Hydrangea macrophylla, Codiaeum variegatum, Rhododen dron lateritium, and Ilex crenata var. macrophylla, and yet ethychlozate was found either as equally as effective or more so than NAA for Zebrina pendula, Hibiscus syriacus, Fatshedera lizei, Schefflera arboricola, Campsis grandiflo ra, Ixora chinensis, Euonymus japonica, and Magnolia liliflora. On the contrary, no the auxin effect was noted with Lagerstroemia indica, Trachelospermum asiaticum, and Syringa vulgaris. This probably indicates that these species are genetically different for the auxin response.II. Effect of different pH and sorts of cutting media on rooting cuttings: 1) Bougainvillea showed best in rooting for the number and dry weight at pH 6.5, more with ethychlozate than NAA, while Ligustrum did at pH 5.0 more with NAA than ethychlozate. pH 4.0 medium resulted in the best rooting for Rhododendron with NAA, more than ethychlozate. 2) Use of cutting medium with peat: perlite: vermiculite = 1:1:1 showed to give the greatest rooting percent and dry weight, apart from considering the number of roots. This apparently meant the fact that cutting medium has more to do with root growth than root differentiation. Rhododendron yet showed results with cutting media that use of peat: perlite = 2:1 mixed is more effective on rooting than using peat alone.III. Effect of auxinic treatments on rooting cuttings and change in some cutting compositions: 1) Under the climatic conditions of July having temperature $26.3\pm$$2.4^{\circ}C$for cutting bed, new roots of Magnolia started to show up generally 20 days after the cutting was made, whereas Cestrum did much earlier than that, namely 14 days after. 2) Although total carbohydrate content of Magnolia cuttings showed no marked change without auxin treatment, it did so with the treatment, especially 30 days after the start of cutting. Cestrum cuttings demonstrated a gradual in crease in total carbohydrate content as rooting took place, and the content became reduced more with auxin than with out, just about when rooting proceeded to 14 days after the start of cutting. 3) Magnolia generally showed an increase in total nitrogen content as rooting proceeded more, and Cestrum showed a decrease in total nitrogen of cuttings. The auxin treatment exhibited no pertinent relation with change in plant nitro gen when rooting is promoted with auxin treatment. 4) An abrupt drop of total sugar and reducing sugar was noticed as Magnolia rooting started, and this reduction was parti cularly outstanding with auxin treatment. Starch content also was decreased in the later stage of cutting with auxin treatment, and was rather increased without auxin. Although sugar content soon increased as cutting started with auxin treatment in the case of Cestrum, it became reduced after rooting took place. 5) Total phenol content increased with rooting, and this was especially true when rooting started. This increase was reversed somehow regardless of auxin treatment. A decrease in phenol of Magnolia was found more striking with auxin than without in the later stage of the cutting period. 6)Avena coleoptile test for auxin-like substances presented the physiologically active factor is more in easy-to-root Magnolia liliflora than hard-to-root Magnolia kobus, and the activity of auxin-like substances was much increased with auxin treatment. The increase in the growth promoting substances was markedly pronounced when rooting just started. The active growth substances decreased in the later stage of cutting, and certain inhibitory substances started appearing. Cestrum also showed physiologically similar growth promoting substances accompanying auxin-like active substances if auxin is treated, and some strong inhibitory substances seemed to appear in the later stage of cutting. 7) Mung-bean-rooting test indicated biologically that endogenous growth substances in Magnolia all promoted mung-bean rooting, and activity of the growth substances apparently stimulated mung-bean rooting with auxin more than without. Here auxin treatment seemed to give a rise to an increased activity of endogenous growth substances in cuttings. This activity was found much greater with either NAA or IBA than ethychlozate, and showed its peak of the activity when rooting first started taking place. Certain inhibitory substances for Avena coleoptile growth strongly promoted mung-bean rooting, and it was also much like in the case of Cestrum.

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간호력(Nursing History)을 통해 본 내과 입원환자의 간호요구 (A Study of the Nursing Needs of Hospitalized medical Patients by Means of Nursing History Form)

  • 전경애
    • 대한간호학회지
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    • 제7권2호
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    • pp.1-10
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    • 1977
  • Personalized Patient centered nursing care is increasingly difficult to achieve despite the fact that it remains one of our consistent goals. So, we must find away to individualized nursing care. One means, to achieve this is by use of the nursing history form, which has been developed to help the nurse make maximum use of her limited time with the patient, by obtaining systematically the information needed to plan his nursing care. The nursing history form can be used to collect data about individual nursing needs but also it lends itself to the collection of epidemiological data relevant to the needs of patient population. So this study was undertaken in an attempt to describe the general characteristics of the population studied, to find out their perceptions and expectations related to their illness and hospitalization, to find out specific basic needs and to examine the relationship between the patients nursing needs and demographic characteristics through the responses to the nursing history questions. The study population defined and selected was all the patients (70) who were admitted to Yonsei University Hospital from October 1 - 15, 1975. The direct interview method was used and the data were categorized by the investigator, according to the nature of responses to each question and were subjected to the percentile and the chi- square tests. The findings can be summarized as follows 11. General characteristics of the study population ; The population was made up mainly of urban patients who were highly educated. The age was equally distributed. 2. Patients, perceptions and expectations related to illness and hospitalization ; 88.6% of the patients knew about the reason for hospitalization but 64. 5% could state symptoms only. 37.5% recognized the cause of illness. Approximately three fourth of the patients expressed on expectation for early recovery. 60.0% of the patient responses indicated, that they expected less than 10 days of hospitalization. Of the total responses regarding hospitalization, 45.7% were negative about the post -hospitalization expectation, 45.7% expected to return to work. As a result of these findings, we can see that there is a great educational need, a psychological need and environmental need for adaptation to the hospital and a socio- economic need for the post - hospitalization period. 3. Specific basic needs : The physical needs include the problem of getting sufficient sleep (50.0%), difficulty in food intake(47.1%), problems with hospital diet (47.0%), abnormal condition of the skin(44.3%), problems with bowel elimination(35.7%), assistance with bathing(35.7%), pain(30.0%), difficulty in walking(30.0%) , difficulty in seeing(30.0%) problems in urinary elimination(20.0%) , and difficulty in hearing(10.0%), 4. Nursing needs and epidemiological characteristics ; Age distribution was related to the rendition of the mouth but no significant differences were observed statistically with the patients responses to the other nursing history questions according to the epidemiological variables of age, sex, education and residence.

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소방에서의 도상훈련 기초자료 영상화작업 매뉴얼 개발 (Development of Video Work Manual for Rock-Drill Data In Fire Service)

  • 조재관;박희진;황인;권혜란
    • 한국응급구조학회지
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    • 제6권1호
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    • pp.103-128
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    • 2002
  • As a result of trying the various manufacturing methods considering the reality of manpower and equipments with this manual, the following standardized procedures and contents can be suggested. (1) Since tools presenting Rock-Drill data must formalize the order of explanation although explainers are different, it will be valid that it is configured by existing power point method rather than by web document type. Composition of contents are selected on the basis of defence card and survey and then 8 items including initial screen, peripheral conditions, mobilization route, general conditions, use and structure by floor, department of vehicle consideration in activities and end screen are included. (2) Making methods and cautions of data included and used in power point are as follows ; - It was most effective that objects of fire fighting and location of neighboring fire fighting water were expressed by electronic map and drawing of inner building was made by scanning it after paining general architecture drawing(plan by each floor) rather than using drawing tools of EXCEL program or CAD drawing. And it was helpful to simplify contents of architecture drawing to wall, stairs and gate in understanding them. - Photographing of video data should be taken to show available fire fighting facilities in fire, use of planned space and the whole inner structure of each floor from the inside of fire fighting buildings and to display play time between 10 sec. and 1 min, for obstacles to distance from adjacent buildings or passage of special vehicles and fire fighting water from the outside of the building. - File format of video data taken in this way is most suitable to use wmv(window media video) or asf(advanced streaming format) type in consideration of time required for export, screen quality, file capacity and play type in Rock-Drill through network. - Still screen(photo) is more effective to express the department of fire fighting vehicles or other equipments than using video. (3) In configuration work of power point, hyper link was used most and configured to see any part at any situation like web document and then uniformity of presentation order of power point was complemented. (4) In case of sales facilities with the area of $35.557m^2$, the time of 22 hours and 30 minutes for five days was taken with five persons. Therefore, when eight-hour works a day were calculated, the whole process of video work for Rock-Drill can be finished with three day works.

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중증 원외폐렴으로 사망한 환자의 임상적 분석 (Clincal Manifestations of Patients Dying of Severe Community Acquired Pneumonia)

  • 최원일;송정호;권오영;허정숙;황재석;한승범;전영준
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • 제41권5호
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    • pp.537-545
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    • 1994
  • 연구배경: 중증 원외폐렴은 1987년 영국흉부학회에서 453명의 원외폐렴환자를 대상으로 전향적조사를 한 이후, 여러 학자들에 의해 조기에 위험군을 찾아내어 치료에 도움을 주려는 노력이 있어 왔다. 외국의 경우 중증 원외폐렴에 관한 많은 보고가 있으나 국내에서는 중증 원외폐렴에 대한 임상양상과 특징이 잘 연구되지 못한 상태이다. 이에 본 관찰에서는 계명대학교 동산병원에 입원하여 중증 원외폐렴으로 중환자실에서 치료중 사망한 환자 10명을 대상으로 임상적 고찰을 하였다. 방법: 1987년 7월 부터 1993년 7월 까지 계명대학교 동산병원에서 면역억제 치료중이거나 폐암으로 인한 이차성 폐렴 그리고 결핵성 폐렴을 제외한 원외폐렴으로 498명이 입원하였다. 중환자실에서 치료를 받은 환자는 77명이었으며 이들중 치료중에 사망한 10예를 대상으로 나이, 성별, 임상소견, 검사실성적, 중환자실 전원이유, 원인균, 항생제치료, 및 입원기간 등을 후향적으로 분석하였다. 결과: 1) 10예중 남자가 7예 여자가 10예로 남자의 발생빈도가 높았고, 연령분포는 20대에서 70대까지의 분포를 보였으나 60대 이상이 7예로 고령에서 가장 많은 분포를 보였으며 평균나이는 56.2세였다. 2) 입원당시 임상양상은 호흡수증가 5예, 저산소혈증 5예, 의식변화 4예, 청색증 4예, 백혈구감소증 4예, 백혈구증가증 4예, 혈청 크레아티닌증가 4예, 저혈압 3예, 저알부민혈증 3예 순으로 관찰되었다. 이학적검사에서 이상소견이 없는 경우가 2예였고 한가지만 이상소견을 가지는 경우가 3예에서 관찰되었다. 검사실성적에서는 모든 환자에서 한가지이상의 이상소견이 관찰되었다. 3) 객담배양 검사에서 E.coli와 Enterobacter species가 각각 한 예씩 검출되었으며, 객담도말검사에서는 그람양성구균만 검출된 경우가 6예, 그람양성구균과 그람음성간균이 함께 검출된 경우가 2예에서 관찰되었다. 4) 중환자실로 전원된 이유로는 저산소혈증 5예, 고탄산혈증 2예, 산혈증 2예, 심장 또는 폐정지 2예, 신부전 2예, 간부전 2예의 순으로 관찰되었다. 5) 사용한 항생제는 aminoglycoside 8예, 1세대 cephalosporin 7예, 3세대 cephalosporin 5예, vancomycin 2예였으며 환자당 평균 2.7종류의 항생제를 사용하였다. 가장 많이 사용한 항생제 조합은 1세대 cephalosporin과 aminoglycoside 였다. 6) 평균 입원일수는 11.2일 이었으며, 7예(70%)에서 5일 이내에 사망하였다. 결론: 대부분의 사망환자는 입원초기에 사망하여 조기 집중치료가 중요할 것으로 생각되며, 고령의 환자는 많은 주의를 요할 것으로 사료된다. 앞으로 조기에 위험군을 확인하기 위한 노력이 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

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희양산 경관의 역사적 인식에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Historical Landscape Cognition of Mt. Hee-yang)

  • 안계복
    • 한국전통조경학회지
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    • 제29권4호
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    • pp.40-48
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    • 2011
  • 이 연구는 경상북도 문경시 가은읍 희양산을 다룬 22가지 고문헌과 현장조사를 통하여 우리 선조들이 희양산에 대하여 가졌던 인식에 대한 분석을 시도한 것이다. 희양산 일대는 산맥 속에 깊숙이 위치하는 그 지리적 특성으로 인해 은둔자가 별서를 경영하기에 적합한 곳으로 인식되었다. 또한 희양산은 신라시대부터 봉황등천과 봉암용곡의 형국으로 해석되어졌는데, 이러한 해석은 그 지형경관적인 특성을 바탕으로 인식된 것이었으며 조선시대에도 계속 이어졌다. 유람의 목적은 선인의 발자취를 이어보기 위한 것이거나, 탐방의 숙원을 풀기 위한 것이거나, 휴가를 즐기기 위한 것이었다. 희양산을 방문한 유람객들을 분석해 보면 조선시대 초기에는 사회적 지위가 높은 사람들이 많이 방문하였으나, 조선시대 말기가 되면, 그 사회적 지위가 매우 낮아진 것을 볼 수 있다. 희양산 유람경로 분석을 통해 탐방객들에게 인식력이 높은 장소는 희양산 봉우리, 선유동, 백운대, 야유암, 봉암사 순이었다. 주 목적지로 유람되었던 희양산 봉우리는 신선이 사는 선경으로 인식되었으며, 백운대는 그 기이한 경관으로 인해 방문객마다 다양하게 인식되던 곳이었다.