• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.212-220
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• 2023

The meticulous figure painting is one of the wonders of traditional Chinese painting and has blossomed in art history with its unique and interesting style. The period from the Warring States period to the Song and Yuan dynasties was a glorious period in its history, after which it tended to decline due to changes in painting materials and many socio-historical reasons. The extensive cultural exchanges in the world today, the penetration of Western values and the expansion of information technology have brought a huge impact on Chinese meticulous figure painting, which has developed an active way of thinking and expression after absorbing certain elements of Western culture and thought on the basis of inherited tradition. Contemporary Realistic Figure painters continue to explore new developments in meticulous figure painting in the contemporary context, and give contemporary meticulous figure painting a new cultural and ideological connotation, forming a new look that meets the requirements of the times, with richer and more lively content, subject matter and formal language. Traditional meticulous figure painting is characterised by a highly refined use of line and coloring composition. Contemporary meticulous figure painting focuses on the use of purely formal language and the expression of the personality of the creative subject, with a new outlook on the world of painting. In the contemporary multicultural context, new formal language and methods of expression are constantly being explored to create a new look. In the process of development, contemporary meticulous figure painting has merged the best qualities of traditional and contemporary culture, making it an art with a subtle language, rich in meaning and with the charm of the times and oriental characteristics. The author in the form of contemporary fine brushwork figure painting language as the research object, explore new form of fine brushwork figure painting, and in the contemporary society and multicultural context factors. Innovation, enrich and develop new forms of art language of contemporary social form and aesthetic temperament and interest.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.159-175
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• 2022

As creativity is a crucial attribute for companies' survival and innovative success, many firms encourage and implement ways to promote employee creativity. Previous studies in the dual pathway to creativity model have shown that creativity can be enhanced when either the cognitive flexibility or cognitive persistence path is triggered. Although individuals have different personal traits, prior research has rarely investigated whether one pathway is more effective for a certain personality in promoting creativity than the other. Using attachment theory, we examined the influence of attachment style on the degree of the impact of each path on creativity. Specifically, we hypothesized that securely attached people would show higher creativity only when they use the cognitive flexibility path. Data from the US support our hypothesis. Our research highlights that the link between cognitive flexibility and creativity is salient when securely attached people use the cognitive flexibility path because of the strong fit between secure attachment and flexible thinking.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.29 no.3A
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• pp.217-225
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• 2009

Bridge design is a problem-solving process whose level of design quality strongly depends on how to relate design constraints with feasibile design objectives in conceptual design stage. This paper has focused on how to create bridge shapes using creativity toward better looking bridge appearances in conceptual design stage. The term creativity in this study does not refer to the creation of something from nothing but to the reorganization of existing concepts. Such creativity includes not only enlarging the number of structural forms which is established based on the relationship between form and statics but also combining bridge design with artistic components like an architectural style. Also, this study has investigated the usefulness of graphic statics as a structural analysis tool showing the analysis results visually to generate bridge forms in conceptual design stage. It is expected that the proposed way of generating bridge forms in this study to be used not only for practical purpose but also for educational purpose regarding the aesthetic bridge design serving as a new education paradigm.

• Archives of design research
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• v.11
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• pp.130-139
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• 1995

The dictionary defines the word 'Design' as planning and designing. Though this is a meaning confined to decorative function, the conception of modern design in this capitalist society of mass production and mass consumption can be said to have reached a new stage of the meeting of industry and the arts. This means the two sides of design' the side of beauty and usefulness The side of beauty should be understood in view of the sense of beauty, and usefulness should also be considered from the viewpoint of consumer's taste and preference This is thought to be the natural problems of design The origin of design can be understood from the background of capitalism. But the capitalism can be said to be the mode of Western thought and action developed based on Western thinking. The capitalism is an economic system derived from the society of industrial capitalism through commercial capitalism. but this economic thinking has been resulted from a mature social system of democracy and civic society. The civic society and democracy are derived from polis of ancient Greece and Rome. and the ancient Greek and Roman society was a society developed from the social system of the nobility and slaves. Polis continued to develop based on the positive territorial expansionism centering around the Mediterranean on the basis of Hellenism. and European countries achieved the intergration of religion. society and politics based on this. thus accomplishing the spirit of capitalism Our design is believed to have been derived from the direct import of Western capitalism. Accordingly. as the original form of Western capitalism has become our economic system. so our design copied that of th West. And our traditional culture and sensitivity which are different in the original form and root of racial disposition seem to breed discord between them. It is. therefore. very important and meaningful for us to exert all possible efforts to seek the root of our disposition and tradition and grope for the appropriate thought and style of design.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.117-131
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• 2001

The character of the educational tradition of Germany could be divided into two aspects. One is the humanistic liberal tendency and the other is vocational. From the beginning of the Twentieth Century, however, there has been an attempt to unify these two trends by the . Georg Kerschensteiner is the first of importance to make some comprehensive curriculum for this goal. In Kerschensteiner, the genuine education makes the individual assume his work and role in society, and to develop them by cultivating insight, will and power. His view is well expressed in the slogn "The vocational education is the beginning of the humanistic education." His goal is to make men of independence and autonomy through vocational education. The theory of Kerschensteiner's education is called 'general vocational education'. The reason why is that his vocational education concerns not just technical training for industry, but also general liberal arts. In this point, Kerschensteiner's point of view goes back to Wilhelm von Humboldt, neo-humanist afar in the first half of the Ninteenth Century, and to John Dewey, pragmatist in the contemporary age of Kerschensteiner. Kerschensteiner was much influenced by Humboldt's concepts of power and individuality. These concepts came to be embodied as a principle of vocational education in Kerschensteiner. Furthermore, Humboldt's concept of power could be associated with Dewey's theory of reflexive thinking. The power in Humboldt is to create spirit, which is connected with the world outside through language. The reflexive thinking of Dewey is a process that examines and selects some alternative thinking in the consciousness before acting. This process makes one find the method of problem-solving which results in behaviour. That is the experimental spirit or pragmatic behaviourism. These theories are reduced to the concept of 'work' in Kerschensteiner. And Kerschensteiner's theory of education that has both sides, humanistic and vocational, is similar to that of John Dewey. Dewey brings forward the idea that the vocational education is the best way to cultivate intelligence and emotion, as intelligence operates best in the life. The position of Dewey is in accord with that of Kerschensteiner who intends to cover experiences of various fields of society through practice-learning, and to have knowledge got from outside of school, refuting the misled trend of education isolated from real life. However, there is some difference between Kerschensteiner and Humbolt or Dewey. While the Neo-humanism of Humbolt and the pragmatic education of Dewey put emphasis rather on the liberal arts and culture of individuality, Kerschensteiner is concerned more with the work and life of the reality of society as a group. Kerschensteiner's concept of utility is related to education for the whole man and to the work of the individual and the nation as well as the will and power to practice it. The ideal man of utility of Kerschensteiner is to learn perfectly the value and behaviour of society through vocational life and to have right view of the state establishing a sound mutual relation between individual and state. Kerschensteiner is regarded as a devotee of 'the state of harmony' or 'the ideal of the state', as he makes the state as the criterion for defining the role of the individual. It can be said that Kerschensteiner is not a democrat of the American style as Dewey is, as he makes much of the value of the nation and state. However, he is a humanist and democrat in the point of vocational education. His purpose of education is to make whole men through work and vocational education.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.59
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• pp.405-428
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• 2015

Painting theorists in Song dynasty often spoke 'Li' when they talked about paintings. But 'Li' of the song dynasty is not limited to the 'ethics'. First, it includes visible 'natural's truth', such as the differences of 'geography' and 'physics' between the depicted objects. Second, it also includes 'common sense' which was based on both the observation and the thinking. The theorists thought if the 'common sense' was improper in the painting, the whole work was invalid. Thirdly, it also includes 'the reasonable sense in special situation', which requires great imagination ability and elaborative faculty. For example, when playing wind instruments and stringed instruments in the same time at the same concert, the painter should accurately draw the different gestures of musicians according to that the wind instrument is 'sound when the finger lift' and the stringed instrument is 'sound after the finger have left' in that moment. Fourthly, it includes 'art reason', theorists call it as 'ShenLi' or 'MiaoLi'. 'ShenLi' or 'MiaoLi' require the creator to join the spiritual concept besides his observation and thinking. For example, 'banana in snow' is neither observed available nor thought of available, but is the result of spiritual concept of creators for seeking everlasting. And at last, it certainly includes 'the principle of ethics'. Painters often highlighted the ethical relations of the feudal nation and the value of individual gentleman through the allegory story of figure painting and even the sudden composition in the landscape painting. 'Geography', 'physical', and 'common sense' are required the meticulous observation and the rational thinking for the painted object. And 'the reasonable sense in special situation', 'the art reason', 'the principle of ethics' are required enhancing painting style in the painting artistic conception and realm of life based on the nuanced observation, making 'technology' into the 'Tao'. This is the six reasonable increasing requirements for the painting work. Therefore, 'seeking the final reason' is the fundamental spirit of painting theory of Song Dynasty.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.125-135
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• 2010

To discover the main characteristics of Korean traditional flower arrangement, they were compared with different articles and old paintings used in royal court ceremonies. The primary research involved principle of design. The times periods used were the Joseon Dynasty era of Korea, the Ming era of China, and the Edo eras of Japan. The result, which shows both the similarities and differences, of the research is summarized as follows. The similarities were that they all respect the features of nature, and their image expresses their creator's thinking. There was one technique, called 'Suje', in which a part of the stem is coming out from one branch. Also, each three eras preferred flowering trees and ornamental trees more than annuals or foliage plants. one of the differences was that korea used a simple number of materials. The work had volume and appeared mild by using a soft curved line which was repetitive and massive. The Joseon Dynasty era advanced a sense of beauty with artistic symmetry and balance. The work seemed soft and natural because of the little change in blank space, with almost no angle of line. The form had a characteristic preference of being taller than the typical Japanese arrangement. It appeared simple, calm, and rustic by using only one kind of material. In contrast, the Chinese style was gorgeous and displayed volume in a non-symmetrical tripodal form, which incorporated various colors and materials. Also, they avoided processing the materials in order to emphasize the original beauty of nature. Chinese flower arts did not become formalized because they did not consider the formality seriously the formal. The Japanese style was also gorgeous because it incorporated various materials and angles. It included an extreme technique in which an artificial line divided the blank space delicately. The line was both strong and delicate in an established form. The restriction of the main branch gave a light feeling, as well as more strain as in a balance sense. The Japanese eras emphasized more the use of line and a sense of blank space.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.65-80
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• 1994

In the 20th century, The artistic world was constantly producing new ideas and movements and the world of fashion responded to and reflected them all in greater of lesser degree. Dress designers have always been aware of what is happening In the arts and have always been able to use the discoveries and ideas of the artist to help them solve design problems and create fashion which are new, inventive and reflective of thier time. Up to the present, other researchers have investigated the connections between the fine arts and the Modern Fashion. In this respect, the objective of this research was to clarify the characteristics of painting of the Impressionism on the Modern Fashion. In order to investigate the relationship between the trend of painting and Modern Fashion. Especially, Impressionism's light and color affected both 20th's painting and other sorts of art. That is, the trend of the modern painting, Fauvism, Cubism, Surrealism, Abstract art, Abstract Expressionism, was influenced by Impressionism painting. Similarly, in the sihouette, line, color, fabric pattern of the Modem Fashion was represented characteristics of the Impressionism Painting. The fashion's Fauve, Paul Poiret was excited by the power of color in the same intense way as the 'wild beasts' of art. The color of his clothes during that period was bold and brilliant. Gabrielle Chanel simplified the shape of women's clothes to a square cardigan and rectangular skirt. This was a cubist concept. Art and fashion probably held hands closest in the 1930s, when Elsa Schiaparelli was creating clothes directly influenced by the Surrealist thinking of Salvador Dali. And she burst upon the fashion world with a sweater that had a trompe I'oeil bow. Soma Delaunay was one of great pioneers of Abstract in. She proceeded to mix strong and bright colors into her art and created the geometric and abstract patterns of the clothes and fabrics with her strong color. The influence of Abstract Expressionism was expressed the fabrics of the Modern Fashion. Some fabrics used in Modern Fashion are printed in a dripping pouring and splashing style. For the future, some futher research to investigate the art-fashion connection might involve establishing systematic classifications for silhouette, line, texture, color of the fashion. Moreover, in order to study the influence of fine art on the fashion, a broader approach might wish to analyze the relationship between painting and other plastic arts.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.159-163
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• 2008

Recently, typography in Korea has been varied. Among them, after 2005 a new trend caligraphy has appeared and in reality people discussed that this has been occurred as a coincidence. However, as a view of one who is interested in Hangeul typography, born of Hangeul caligraphy is not a coincidence. It is because computerizing of Hangeul has been later than U.S. or Japan. Korea was colonized by Japan and experienced the Korean War and economical independence got late and cultural independence got late as well. Our language, Hangeul was independenced in the beginning of 1990's after computer was introduce and original letter of Hangeul was scanned and basic standard was built. From the end of 80's there were many efforts for independence of Hangeul but there were problems on hardware side than software side. In the beginning of 90's basic fonts such as Myungjo or Gothic of Choi Jung-ho's fonts were set for computer hardware, but later 90's can be called as a time for distributing designed fonts for that new fonts that were planned and applying new ideas on fonts were done. In 2000 the two major font company in Korea Sandoll Communication and Yoon Design Institute made a fonts such as When branding had to be done by designer, typo must be written so adjusting size and moving baseline made old style and caligraphy fonts to be born. These cycling process has been natural motive for nowadays' caligraphy and these two major companies' role has made caligraphy to be popular.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.524-534
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to find out the correlations between the stress that middle-aged women experience and their coping methods and to present intervening variables to promote active coping methods. The subjects of this study are 400 middle-aged women from 35 to 59 years old living in S area and the results are as follows. The relationship between middle-aged women's stress, self-defense mechanism, and stress-coping method shows as follows: the role stress is positively correlated with immature defense mechanism, self-restraint defense mechanism and conflict-avoiding defense mechanism. Among stress-coping methods, the problem-centered coping method was found to be negatively correlated with role stress and daily stress. the immature defense mechanism shows negative correlations with the problem-centered coping, but shows positive correlations with the emotion-centered coping and the wishful thinking. Among the self-defense mechanism types not effective in the social-support coping method.