• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.88-96
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• 1990

The purpose of this study was to investigate the fluoride release and solubility of glass ionomer cement associated with three pH media. For this study, GC Fuji II discs (20.0mm in diameter ${\times}$ 1.5mm thick) were immersed in pH 4.0 lactic acid, pH 7.0 distilled water and pH 10.0 KOH solutions for 1, 7, 14 and 28 days. The amount of fluoride release from the cement into three pH media were measured by fluoride specific ion electrode and the solubility was measured by weight loss of discs. The results were as follows: 1. The lower was the pH of media, the more was the amount of release of fluoride. 2. The amount of fluoride release was increased with time lapse. 3. After I day, the solubility was the highest, and after 7 days that was the least. 4. The lower was the pH of media, the more was the solubility, but there was no statistical difference in solubility according to the pH change.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.83-86
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• 2010

The transparent electrode properties of ITO films deposited by RF magnetron sputtering with process pressure were investigated. The ITO thin films was deposited on a glass substrate using a target with 3in diameter sintered at a ratio of $In_2O_3$ : $SnO_2$ (9 : 1). 200-nm-thick ITO thin films were manufactured by various process pressures ($2.0{\times}10^{-2}$, $7.0{\times}10^{-3}$ and $2.0{\times}10^{-3}$ Torr). The optical transmittance and resistivity of the deposited ITO thin films showed a relatively satisfactory result under $10^{-2}$ Torr. For high process pressure, the optical transmittance was below 80%, while for low process pressure, the optical transmittance was above 85%. As a result of of mobility, resistivity and carrier concentration by Hall measurement, we obtained satisfactory properties to apply into a transparent conducting thin film.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2006년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.7
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• pp.354-355
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• 2006

We manufactured photoelectrode of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSC) by using three methods such as squeeze method, spray method, and combination method (squeeze method first, spray method second). We examined how the morphology of an electrode's surface, the pore between particles, and condensation have an effect on an open-circuit voltage, photocurrent, fill factor, and energy conversion efficiency. Open-circuit voltage of dye-sensitized solar cells manufactured by using three methods is about 0.66V when the photoelectrode of the three DSCs is about $5{\mu}m$ thick. Photocurrent and fill factor and conversion efficiency of DSC manufactured by using squeeze method is 18.5 and 34 and 7.8, respectively. Photocurrent and fill factor and conversion efficiency of DSC manufactured by using spray method is 3.62 and 62 and 2.8, respectively. Photocurrent and fill factor and conversion efficiency of DSC manufactured by using combination method is 10.7 and 46 and 5.9, respectively. In conclusion, we find that the combination method is better than the other two methods in such respects as energy conversion efficiency and fill factor.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.29-32
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• 2010

In this study, transparent and conductive Al-doped zinc oxide (AZO) films were prepared on a glass substrate by an radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering method using a 150-nm-thick AZO target (Al: 2 wt.%) at room temperature. We investigated the effects of RF power between 100-350 W (in steps of 50 W) on the structural, electrical, and optical properties of the AZO films. The thickness and cross-sectional images of the films were observed by field emission scanning electron microscopy. The thicknesses of all films were kept constant at 150 nm and grown on a glass substrate. The grain sizes of the AZO films were determined with the X-ray diffraction by using the Scherrer' equation, and their electrical properties were investigated using a Hall effect electronic transport measurement system. The transmittance of the AZO films was also measured by an ultraviolet-visible spectrometer.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2007년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.8
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• pp.174-175
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• 2007

A programmable metallization cell (PMC) memory structure with copper-saturated GeTe solid electrolyte films doped by nitrogen was prepared on a TiW bottom electrode by a co-sputtering technique at room temperature. The $Ge_{45}Te_{55}$ solid electrolyte films deposited with various $N_2$/Ar flow ratios showed an increase of crystallization temperature and especially, the electrolyte films deposited at $N_2$/Ar ratios above 30% showed a crystallization temperature above $400^{\circ}C$, resulting in surviving in a back-end process in semiconductor memory devices. The device with a 200 nm thick $Cu_{1-x}(Ge_{45}Te_{55})_x$ electrolyte switches at 1 V from an "off " state resistance, $R_{off}$, close to $10^5$ to an "on" resistance state, Ron, more than 20rders of magnitude lower for this programming current.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제15권9호
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• pp.577-584
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• 2005

Thin Ni-B layer, $1{\mu}m$ thick, was electrolessly deposited on Cu electrode fabricated by electro-deposition. The purpose of the layer is to encapsulate Cu electrodes for preventing Cu oxidation and to serve as a diffusion barrier. The layers were annealed at $580^{\circ}C$ with and without pre-annealing at $300^{\circ}C$ for . 30minutes. In the layer with pre-annealing, the amount of Cu diffusion was lower about 5 times than the layer without pre-annealing. The difference in Cu concentration may be attributed to $Ni_3B$ formation prior to Cu diffusion. However, the difference in Cu concentration decreased during the annealing time of 5 h due to the grain growth of Ni.

• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2001

An in-situ four-electrode contact resistivity probe system was designed, and field-tested in submarine sediments. Seismic survey was also performed to support and compare the results of electric survey. The probe was designed to be driven to selected depths below the seafloor using a Vibracore system. The four insulated electrodes were, spaced equidistant across the wedge, were extended beyond the probe tip to minimize effects of sediment disturbance by the wedge insertion. In-situ measurements of resistivity were recorded on board by precision electronic equipment consisting of signal generators and processors, and by temperature-monitoring systems. Overall limits of Uncertainty at respective depths below the seafloor are up to ${\pm}$10 of the measured values. Best estimates of conductivity are considered to be ${\pm}$3 percent of the reported values. Resistivity measurements were made at six sites in carbonate sediments to a maximum depth of penetration of about 5 m. Average values of conductivity range between 0.88 and 1.21 mho/m. The results show the seabed is composed of alternating layers of relatively high-conductivity material (0.8 to 1.4 mho/m) in thicknesses of more or less one meter and layers about 30 cm thick having relatively low conductivities (0.4 to 0.8 mho/m).

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.9-12
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• 2006

Al-doped ZnO(AZO)/Ag/AZO multi-layer films deposited on PET substrate by RF magnetron sputtering have a much better electrical properties than Al-doped ZnO single-layer films. The multi-layer structure consisted of three layers, AZO/Ag/AZO, the optimum thickness of Ag layers was determined to be $112{\AA}$ for high optical transmittance and good electrical conductivity. With about $1800{\AA}$ thick AZO films, the multi-layer showed a high optical transmittance in the visible range of the spectrum. The electrical and optical properties of AZO/Ag/AZO were changed mainly by thickness of Ag layers. A high quality transparent electrode, having a resistance as low as $6\;W/{\square}$ and a high optical transmittance of 87% at 550 nm, was obtained by controlling Ag deposition parameters.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.150-163
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• 2021

Interest in eco-friendly materials with high efficiencies is increasing significantly as science and technology undergo a paradigm shift toward environment-friendly and sustainable development. MXenes, a class of two-dimensional inorganic compounds, are generally defined as transition metal carbides or nitrides composed of few-atoms-thick layers with functional groups. Recently MXenes, because of their desirable electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties that emerge from conductive layered structures with tunable surface terminations, have garnered significant attention as promising candidates for energy storage applications (e.g., supercapacitors and electrode materials for Li-ion batteries), water purification, and gas sensors. In this review, we introduce MXenes and describe their properties and research trends by classifying them into two main categories: transition metal carbides and nitrides, including Ti-based MXenes, Mo-based MXenes, and Nb-based MXenes.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.372-377
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• 2016

통신의 흐름은 빠르게 변하고 있으며, 최근에는 스마트 안경과 스마트 시계와 같은 인간의 삶을 윤택하게 하는 다채로운 웨어러블(Wearable) 기기들이 출현하고 있다. 웨어러블 기기에는 필수적으로 통신을 지원하는 안테나가 설치되어야 한다. 본 논문은 스마트 안경에 적용할 수 있으며 투명한 소재로 제작하여 광 투과성이 우수한 특성을 지닌 웨어러블 안테나에 관하여 연구한 논문이다. 투명한 안테나는 차기 웨어러블 기기인 스마트 유리에도 적용이 가능하며, 투명한 장점을 활용하여 시야를 가리지 않으면서 통신을 지원할 수 있는 장점이 있다. IZTO/Ag/IZTO(IAI) 다층구조의 투명전극 박막은 단일구조의 박막보다 전기전도도가 높으며 광 투과성이 우수하다. 이러한 다층구조의 투명전극 박막을 활용하여 제작한 안테나는 우수한 전기전도도로 인하여 안테나로 활용이 가능하다. 본 논문에서는 다층구조의 투명전극 박막을 활용하여 투명한 소자가 적용 가능한 깨끗한 안경렌즈에 부착하여 안테나의 성능을 측정하였다. 안테나는 여러 기판 위에 올려진 것을 가정하여 시뮬레이션 되었으며, 안테나의 폭과 길이를 적절히 활용하여 안테나의 임피던스를 매칭하였다. 제작한 안테나의 전기전도도와 투명도는 각각 홀 효과 측정기(HMS-3000)과 광 투과율 측정기(UV-Spectrometer)로 측정하였으며, 안테나의 성능을 비교하기 위하여 은(Ag)을 40 nm 두께로 증착한 안테나를 대조군으로 사용하었다. 제작한 안테나는 일반 웨어러블 안경에서 지원하는 Wi-fi 통신 대역인 주파수 2.4~2.5GHz 범위에서 사용가능하며, 최대 이득 2.89 dBi, 효율 34%의 성능을 보인다.