• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 2015년도 제51회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 초록집
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• pp.285-285
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• 2015

Utilization of biomass as a substitute fuel for conventional energy systems have been grown larger everyday in the world. In particular, co-firing of biomass in a large coal power plant are common in Korea after the introduction of RPS since 2012, and the application of biomass-derived fuel is now spreading to district heating and power, industrial energy supply, and transportation sectors. For biomass to energy, appropriate conversion process is needed to satisfy the fuel requirements of a specific energy system. In this study, various kinds of thermochemical conversion technologies will be presented for renewable fuel productions from biomass.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.214-220
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• 2019

Thermochemical cycles have been predominantly used for energy transformation from heat to stored chemical free energy in the form of hydrogen. The thermochemical cycle based on uranium (UTC), proposed by Oak Ridge National Laboratory, has been considered as a better alternative compared to other thermochemical cycles mainly due to its safety and high efficiency. UTC process includes three steps, in which only the first step is unique. Hydrogen production apparatus with hectogram reactants was designed in this study. The results showed that high yield hydrogen was obtained, which was determined by drainage method. The results also indicated that the chemical conversion rate of hydrogen production was in direct proportion to the mass of $Na_2CO_3$, while the solid product was $Na_2UO_4$, instead of $Na_2U_2O_7$. Nevertheless the thermochemical cycle used for hydrogen generation can be closed, and chemical compounds used in these processes can also be recycled. So the cycle with $Na_2UO_4$ as its first reaction product has an advantage over the proposed UTC process, attributed to the fast reaction rate and high hydrogen yield in the first reaction step.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.279-291
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• 2022

In this report the thermochemical conversion of Sm₂O₃ to SmCl₃ using AlCl₃ in LiCl-KCl melt at 773 K is discussed. The final product was a mixture of SmCl₃, Al₂O₃, unreacted Sm₂O₃ and AlCl₃ in the chloride melt. The electrochemical attributes of the mixture was analyzed with cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square wave voltammetry (SWV). The crystallographic phases of the mixture were studied with X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. The major chemical conversion was optimized by varying the effective parameters, such as concentrations of AlCl₃, duration of reaction and the amount of LiCl-KCl salt. The extent of conversion and qualitative assessment of efficiency of the present protocol were evaluated with fluorescence spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectrophotometry and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) studies of the mixture. Thus, a critical assessment of the thermochemical conversion efficiency was accomplished by analysing the amount of SmCl₃ in LiCl-KCl melt. In the process, a conversion efficiency of 95% was achieved by doubling the stoichiometric requirement of AlCl₃ in 50 g of LiCl-KCl salt. The conversion reaction was found to be very fast as the reaction reached equilibrium in 15 min.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.204-213
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• 2002

In this work, hydrogen production by a 2-step water-spritting thermochemical cycle based on metal oxides redox pairs was investigated on the bases of the thermodynamics and technical feasibility. Also, a 2nd-law analysis performed on the closed cyclic process indicates a maximum exergy conversion efficiency of 7.1% when using a solar cavity-receiver operated at 2300K and air/Fe3O4 molar ratio = 10.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.249-258
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• 2002

Thermochemical water-splitting IS(Iodine-Sulfur) process has been investigating for large-scale hydrogen production. For the construction of an efficient process scheme, two kinds of membrane technologies are under investigating to improve the hydrogen producing HI decomposition step. One is a concentration of HI in quasi-azeotropic HIx ($HI-H_2O-I_2$) solution by elecro-electrodialysis. It was confirmed that HI concentrated from the $HI-H_2O-I_2$ solution with a molar ratio of 1:5:1 at $80^{\circ}C$. The other is a membrane reactor to enhance the one-pass conversion of thermal decomposition reaction of gaseous hydrogen iodide (HI). It was found from the simulation study that the conversion of over 0.9 would be attainable using the membrane reactor using the gas permeation properties of the prepared silica hydrogen permselective membrane by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Design criterion of the membrane reactor was also discussed.

• 한국막학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국막학회 2005년도 추계 총회 및 학술발표회
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• pp.119-123
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• 2005

The thermochemical splitting of water has been proposed as a clean method for hydrogen production. The IS process is one of the thermochemical water splitting processes using iodine and sulfur as reaction agents. HI decomposition procedure to obtain hydrogen is one of the key operations in the process, because equilibrium conversion of HI is low (22% at $450^{\circ}C$). The silica membranes prepared by CVD. method were applied to the decomposition reaction of HI vapor. The permeation characteristics of hydrogen and nitrogen belong to the Knudsen flow pattern.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.316-326
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• 2023

Development of carbon-neutral fuel production technologies to solve climate change issues is progressing worldwide. Among them, methane can be produced through the synthesis of hydrogen produced by renewable energy and carbon dioxide captured through a CO₂ methanation reaction, and the fuel produced in this way is called synthetic methane or e-methane. The CO₂ methanation reaction can be conducted via biological or thermochemical methods. In this study, a 30 Nm³/h thermochemical CO₂ methanation process consisting of an isothermal reactor and an adiabatic reactor was used. The CO₂ conversion rate and methane concentration according to the temperature measurement results at the center and outside of the adiabatic reactor were analyzed. The gas flow into the adiabatic reactor was found to reach equilibrium after about 1.10 seconds or more by evaluating the residence time. Furthermore, experimental and analysis results were compared to evaluate performance of the reactor.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.35-41
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• 2008

석유를 대체할 수 있는 자원 중의 하나인 오일샌드 역청의 열화학적 전환을 통해 생산된 연료유 특성을 열천칭 분석기와 중질유들의 전환 공정에 사용되는 딜레이드 코킹 반응기(600ml)를 이용하여 분석하였다. 동일한 $50^{\circ}C/min$의 승온 속도로 최종 코킹 온도를 $400{\sim}550^{\circ}C$까지 변화시킨 결과, 최종 코킹 온도가 증가할수록 코킹이 완료되는 시간과 전환률이 증가하였다. 그러나 $450^{\circ}C$이상의 온도에서는 미비하게 증가하여 코킹 운전이 적어도 $450^{\circ}C$ 이상이 되어야 함을 알 수 있었다. 딜레이드 코킹 반응기의 최대 액체 수율은 $475^{\circ}C$의 조건으로 나타났으며 코킹에 의해 생성되는 오일의 API, SIMDAS분석을 통해 경질화가 진행되어 일반적인 디젤과 비슷한 연료 특성을 가짐을 확인하였다.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.109-115
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• 2007

Solar energy conversion to hydrogen was carried out via a two-step thermochemical water splitting using metal oxide redox pair. To simulate the solar radiation, a 7 kW short arc Xe-lamp was used. Partially reduced iron oxide and cerium oxide have the water splitting ability, respectively. So, $Fe_3O_4$ supported on $CeO_2$ was selected as the active material. $Fe_3O_4/CeO_2$(20 wt/80 wt%) was prepared by impregnation method, then the active material was washcoated on the ceramic honeycomb monolith made of mullite and cordierite. Oxygen was released at the reduction step($1673{\sim}1823\;K$) and hydrogen was produced from water at lower temperature($873{\sim}1273\;K$). The result demonstrate the possibility of the 2-step thermochemical water splitting hydrogen production by the active material washcoated monolith. And hydrogen and oxygen was produced separately without any separation process in a monolith installed reactor. But the SEM and EDX analysis results revealed that the support used in this experiment is not suitable due to the thermal instability and coating material migration.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제61권1호
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• pp.8-18
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• 2023

지속적인 인구의 증가와 경제의 발전으로 인한 전세계 에너지 수요의 증가는 화석연료의 이용을 끊임없이 증가시키고 있다. 그러나 화석연료에 대한 높은 의존도는 환경오염과 급격한 지구온난화라는 새로운 문제를 야기시켰다. 이의 해결을 위해 전통적인 연소에서 벗어나 열분해, 가스화와 같은 새로운 열화학적 전환 공정을 이용한 청정 에너지 생산이 빠르게 확산되고 있다. 특히 다양한 연료의 이용, 쉬운 연속조업, 높은 열 및 물질전달, 등온 조업, 낮은 조업 온도 등의 특성들을 가지는 유동층 공정은 열화학적 에너지 전환에 적합하기 때문에 널리 채택되어 이용되고 있다. 이에 본 총설에서는 열분해, 가스화, 연소에 적용된 최근의 유동층 공정 연구의 중요한 결과들을 정리하였다. 더불어 유동층 열화학적 공정에서 주로 연구되지 않은 층물질, 미세먼지 저감을 위한 물질(바이오매스, 천연 자원 폐기물 등)과 같은 연구의 필요성을 제시하였다. 이를 통해 유동층 기술에 대한 관심과 이해를 높이고, 유동층 공정 기술 개발의 미래 과제를 해결하기 위한 방향을 제시하고자 한다.