• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.351-362
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• 2010

Nitric oxide (NO), synthesized from L-arginine by three isoforms of NO synthase (NOS), is a gaseous signaling molecule with an astonishingly wide range of biological and pathophysiological activities, including vasorelaxation, angiogenesis, anti-inflammation, and anti-apoptosis in mammalian cells. Recent studies have shown that NO donors and inhaled NO convert to biologically active NO under biological conditions and act as a signaling molecule in pathophysiological conditions. This review will discuss the roles of NO and its potential therapeutic implication in various human diseases, such as tumor, vascular regeneration, hypertension, wound healing, and ischemia-reperfusion injury.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.67-74
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• 2009

Background: Various functional factors should be incorporated during assessment and intervention for patient rehabilitation. Stable respiratory function is one of required factors for functional restoration. To maximize respiratory physical therapy intervention outcome, it is required to understand clinical features of respiratory diseases and physical therapy approaches. Methods: Previous studies were systematically reviewed through computerized search. Methodological qualities of selected studies were evaluated and the levels of recommendations were determined. Results: Assessment for respiratory pattern and thoracic mobility is of importance to improve cardiopulmonary fitness during physical reconditioning. Application of optimal therapeutic protocol can increase thoracic mobility and respiratory function. Interdisciplinary communication is critical during rehabilitation for respiratory patients. Health care provider should have professional knowledge and experience for cardiopulmonary fitness and obligation to endeavor for patients' respiratory rehabilitation. It is necessary to standardize therapeutic intervention, and rehabilitative respiratory exercise should be applied to confirm the effects of intervention. Conclusion: Respiratory diseases that may reduce patients' quality of life and cardiopulmonary fitness should be resolved through physical therapy approaches. Through conducting research, effect of evidence-based and patients' function-oriented intervention can be determined.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Visualization
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.42-47
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• 2018

A needle-free injector is one of the new non-invasive players in impregnating the biological barriers. It is considered as the next phase in drug delivery and therapeutic applications. One of the major fields of application is in skin remodeling procedures. Although many studies were carried out in understanding the principle in the needle-free injection procedure, fewer studies were done with the aim of therapeutic applications. In the present study, we tried to identify key parameters that affect the jet divergence and peak stagnation pressure on the skin surface in a conventional needle-free injector for skin treatment. A summary of the working principle and effect of the key parameters are presented.

• BMB Reports
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.18-25
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• 2016

Recent evidence has indicated that nano-sized vesicles called "exosomes" mediate the interaction between cancer cells and their microenvironment and play a critical role in the development of cancers. Exosomes contain cargo consisting of proteins, lipids, mRNAs, and microRNAs that can be delivered to different types of cells in nascent as well as distant locations. Cancer cell-derived exosomes (CCEs) have been identified in body fluids such as urine, plasma, and saliva from patients with cancer. Although their content depends on tumor type and stage, CCEs merit consideration as prognostic and diagnostic markers, as vehicles for drug delivery, and as potential therapeutic targets because they could transport various oncogenic elements. In this review, we summarize recent advances regarding the role of CCEs in cancer invasion and metastasis, as well as its potential clinical applications. [BMB Reports 2016; 49(1): 18-25]

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.38 no.8
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• pp.669-676
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• 2015

Genome instability, primarily caused by faulty DNA repair mechanisms, drives tumorigenesis. Therapeutic interventions that exploit deregulated DNA repair in cancer have made considerable progress by targeting tumor-specific alterations of DNA repair factors, which either induces synthetic lethality or augments the efficacy of conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The study of Fanconianemia (FA), a rare inherited blood disorder and cancer predisposition syndrome, has been instrumental in understanding the extent to which DNA repair defects contribute to tumorigenesis. The FA pathway functions to resolve blocked replication forks in response to DNA interstrand cross-links (ICLs), and accumulating knowledge of its activation by the ubiquitin-mediated signaling pathway has provided promising therapeutic opportunities for cancer treatment. Here, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of FA pathway regulation and its potential application for designing tailored therapeutics that take advantage of deregulated DNA ICL repair in cancer.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.300.1-300.1
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• 2003

Salmon calcitonin (sCT) is a therapeutic polypeptide hormone consisting of 32 amino acids (3432 Da). As with other bioactive peptide therapeutics, however, therapeutic use of sCT has been limited due to the problems of short circulating half-life and rapid proteolytic degradation. To get over this problem, the three positional isomers of mono-PEGylated sCT were prepared and among these, the best drug candiate for nasal application was chosen. (omitted)

• Medical Lasers
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.134-141
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• 2020

The use of stem cell therapy to treat various diseases has become a promising approach. The ability of stem cells to self-renew and differentiate can contribute significantly to the success of regenerative medical treatments. In line with these expectations, there is a great need for an efficient research methodology to differentiate stem cells into their specific targets. Photobiomodulation (PBM), formerly known as low-level laser therapy (LLLT), is a relatively non-invasive technique that has a therapeutic effect on damaged tissue or cells. Recent advances in adapting PBM to stem cell therapy showed that stem cells and progenitor cells respond favorably to light. PBM stimulates different types of stem cells to enhance their migration, proliferation, and differentiation in vitro and in vivo. This review summarizes the effects of PBM on targeted differentiation across multiple stem cell lineages. The analytical expertise gained can help better understand the current state and the latest findings in PBM and stem cell therapy.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.269-277
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• 2022

The amyloid hypothesis has been considered a major explanation of the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease. However, failure of phase III clinical trials with anti-amyloid-beta monoclonal antibodies reveals the need for other therapeutic approaches to treat Alzheimer disease. Compared to its relatively short history, optogenetics has developed considerably. The expression of microbial opsins in cells using genetic engineering allows specific control of cell signals or molecules. The application of optogenetics to Alzheimer disease research or clinical approaches is increasing. When applied with gamma entrainment, optogenetic neuromodulation can improve Alzheimer disease symptoms. Although safety problems exist with optogenetics such as the use of viral vectors, this technique has great potential for use in Alzheimer disease. In this paper, we review the historical applications of optogenetic neuromodulation with gamma entrainment to investigate the mechanisms involved in Alzheimer disease and potential therapeutic strategies.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.593-602
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• 2010

Chitosan as a natural polymer has superior physicochemical properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability and nontoxicity, but application of chitosan for therapy of cancer and gene related-disease has been limited by poor solubility in aqueous solution. Therefore, low molecular weight water-soluble chitosan (LMWSC) with high reactivity and strong positive charge can be applied as a delivery system having function to carry in the specific tissue the bioactive material like poor solubility drug, or therapeutic gene and developed as a therapeutic system having good therapeutic efficiency. The most important factor for therapy of various diseases is to reveal the antigen or receptor expressed in specific lesion tissue and the antibody and ligand which can bind with antigen is to introduce at the biomaterials for enhancement the therapeutic efficiency. The studies for cationic synthetic polymer as drug or gene delivery have been actively performed, but it has many problems such as toxicity in the body, therapeutic efficiency. From this point of view, this article demonstrated the introduction of functional groups to target the specific tissue and therapeutic strategy using the modification of LMWSC with free-amine group. The development of these delivery system will provide a positive vision for cancer therapy.

• BMB Reports
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• v.53 no.10
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• pp.533-538
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• 2020

Notch signaling has been identified as a critical pathway in gastric cancer (GC) progression and metastasis, and inhibition of Delta-like ligand 4 (DLL4), a Notch ligand, is suggested as a potent therapeutic approach for GC. Expression of both DLL4 and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) was similar in the malignant tissues of GC patients. We focused on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a known angiogenesis regulator and activator of DLL4. Here, we used ABL001, a DLL4/VEGF bispecific therapeutic antibody, and investigated its therapeutic effect in GC. Treatment with human DLL4 therapeutic antibody (anti-hDLL4) or ABL001 slightly reduced GC cell growth in monolayer culture; however, they significantly inhibited cell growth in 3D-culture, suggesting a reduction in the cancer stem cell population. Treatment with anti-hDLL4 or ABL001 also decreased GC cell migration and invasion. Moreover, the combined treatment of irinotecan with anti-hDLL4 or ABL001 showed synergistic antitumor activity. Both combination treatments further reduced cell growth in 3D-culture as well as cell invasion. Interestingly, the combination treatment of ABL001 with irinotecan synergistically reduced the GC burden in both xenograft and orthotopic mouse models. Collectively, DLL4 inhibition significantly decreased cell motility and stem-like phenotype and the combination treatment of DLL4/VEGF bispecific therapeutic antibody with irinotecan synergistically reduced the GC burden in mouse models. Our data suggest that ABL001 potentially represents a potent agent in GC therapy. Further biochemical and pre-clinical studies are needed for its application in the clinic.