• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.21 no.3 s.52
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• pp.163-166
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• 1982

The pine needle gall midge, Therodiplosis japonensis Uchida et Inouye, is the most important insect pest. It requires two different habitats for the development; on trees and under the ground. The habitat specific mortality rates ere $30\~40\%,\;and\;50\~60\%$ for the respective habitats. The key developmental stage is the prepupa, and the key mortality factor is the moisture contents of the soil and its variability. Since the insect is an exotic, the population status is the periphery and in the source of infestation are considerably different. Such a difference in habitats and the population status of the insect should be considered in relation to suppression of the insect. The control strategies should be directional and rational based on the reality of the pest status. There have been substantial information on the control methods of the pine needle gall midge, and each control method has an important place, but none has always provided a satisfactory solution to the many problems associated by this insect. These methods should be applied to a system based on the ecology of the insect. There should be continued support for directed effort on the development of operational management systems for the insect: specifically, estmation of the critical economic injury level, and of the absolute density of the insect.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.21 no.4 s.53
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• pp.191-194
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• 1982

Using the two different trunk-implantation methods, the systemic insecticides omethoate $(Folimat^{(R)}\;50\;EC)$, vamidothion $(Kilval^{(R)}\;40\;EC)$, methamidophos $(Tamaron^{(R)}\;60\;SL)$, phosphamidon $(Dimecron^{(R)}\;50\;EC)$, monocrorotophos $(Nuvacron^{(R)}\;24\;EC)$, dimethoate $(Rogor^{(R)}\;50\;EC)$, and phosalone$(Rubitox^{(R)})$ were evaluated for the control of the pine gall midges(Thecodiplosis japonensis Uchida et Inouye). Except phosalone, all the insecticides tested in this experiment were very effective for the suppression of the gall incidence by the insects. There was no significant difference in effectiveness between the conventional drilling and improved Mauget methods, and trunk-implantation of the insecticides by the improved Mauget method seemed to be much more feasible in practical view points of the labor cost saving the recovery of the holes drilled.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.77-81
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• 2017

The results from our investigation showed differences in pine needle damage by Thecodiplosis japonensis Uchida et Inouye and indicate serious environmental pollution caused by a petrochemical industrial complex. The gall formation rate by T. japonensis near the industrial complex was 47.94% compared to 9.94% in the site farthest from the complex. The average length of pine needles damaged by T. japonensis near the industrial complex and farthest site were 4.5 cm and 4.9 cm, respectively. The average number of larvae in pine needle galls near the industrial complex and farthest site were 3.4 and 2.4, respectively. The average body length and width of fullgrown larvae near the industrial complex were 2.40 mm and 0.7 mm, respectively, whereas larvae in the site farthest from the complex were 2.45 mm in length and 0.71 mm in width.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.21 no.2 s.51
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• pp.95-98
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• 1982

The insecticides salithion$(Salithion^{(R)},\;25\;EC)$, decamethrin$(Decis^{(R)}\;1\;EC)$, phenthoate$(Elsan^{(R)},\;47.5\;EC)$, diazinon$(Diaton^{(R)})$, chlorfevinphes$(Birlane^{(R)},\;24\;EC)$, phosalone$(Zolone^{(R)},\;25\;EC)$, and methamidophos$(Tamaron^{(R)},\;60\;SL)$ were evaluated on the effectiveness of single ULV foliar spray for the control of the pine fall midges(Therodiplosis japonensis UCHIDA et INOUYE) when the insecticides diluted with the 50 times of water were applied to the pine trees$(1.5\~2m\;in\;height)$ on June 6 by ULV Sprayer(Battery-type of 12 voltage, devised by Union Carbide). A single ULV foliar spray of salithion, decamethrin, and phethoate among the insecticides tested was significantly effective for the pressure of the gall incidence by the insects.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.20-26
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• 1983

Some aspects of the change in the rate of gall formation on the red pine, Pinus densiflora Siebold et Zuccarini, by the pine needle gall midge, Thecodiplosis japonensis Uchida et Inouye, were investigated at the coastal area in Chung Nam-Do from 1977 to 1982, and were analyzed with the nationwide survey data for 2 years from 1980 to 1981. The results obtained were as follows; the gall formation rate in several areas was compared between two consecutive generations. Four regression equations were established, with X as the gall formation rate in N year and Y as that in (N+1) year: 1) Y=11.2+1.15X (r=0.833) for the stands facing north on the phase of insect population increase, 2) Y=14.3+0.82X (r=0.739) for the stands facing south on the phase of population increase, 3) Y=7.3+0.46X (r=0.478) for stands facing north on the phase of population decrease and 4) Y=11.4+0.19X (r=0.086) for stands facing south on the phase of population decrease. After invasion of the pine needle gall midge into a red pine forest, gall formation rate increased for 6 consecutive generations and then decreased to low level within a period of another 6 years.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.17 no.2 s.35
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• pp.105-113
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• 1978

The experiments were carried out both at $#160$, Anyang Ri, Anyang, Kyung-gi Do, as a field plot and at college of Agriculture, Seoul National University, Suweon as laboratory plot, in order to unnorive the types of traps for collection of adult pine gall midge (Thecodiplosis japonensis Uchida) And the conclusions of the experimental results were as follows. (1) The seasonal fluctuation of the adult emergence of the PGM continued from middle pa.1 of the May to late part of the August. And the peak of the adult emergence showed variation in the number of PGM captured, according to the types of traps used, such as May 2g-june 2, by standard Cage, June 3-June7 by Funnel-A t.sp and June 8-June 12 by Suction-Trap. (2) The Percentage of the emergence in the laboratory experimental Plot were $41.06\%$ of Funnel-A traps used. f 3) The Suction-Trap was considered as effective instrument of. collection of adult PGM especially in the seasons of both earlier and later parts of the adult emergence, which is the population density is extremelty low. (4) It is considered that the recommendable instruments were Funnel-A type of trap and suction-Trap according to the experimental results obtained.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.45-48
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• 1969

The objective of this research was to investigate the seasonal trends in the population of the larvae of the Pine gall-midge in the spring at field. 1. The comparative ratio in the number of larvae of the Pine gall-midge was 100 in early spring, 29 at April 15th and 10 at May 4th. 2. Probably, the seasonal decrease in the number of larvae at field may be due to the gradual rising in the temperature and decreasing the relative Humidity season the experiment was conducted. 3. Water selection method gave best results in collecting the larvae from soil.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.150-155
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• 1997

Distribution of pine needle gall midge infestations was analyzed from data collected in young Japanese red pine stands during 1992, and 1995-1996 in Kangwon-do. No significant differences in percentages of infested needle pairs were found among trees and between terminal and lateral shoots within a tree. However, the mean percentages of infested needle pairs increased significantly from the lower crown to the upper. Percentages of infested needle pairs on sample units, consisting 1 terminal and 2 lateral shoots, in the midcrown were best predictors of whole-tree percentages than were other crown levels. Therefore, a sample unit consisting of 1 terminal shoot and 2 lateral shoots per branch were fixed from the midcrown level. Number of tree and sample unit combinations needed to estimate pine needle gall midge infestations with given two levels of precision were determined.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.18 no.2 s.39
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• pp.111-116
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• 1979

The experiments were carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of some insecticides in the control of the pine gall midges (Thecodiplosis japonensis Uchida et Inouye) when the low-volume of the insecticides were applied by the mist foliar sprayer. The insecticides, Salithion $(24\%\;Ec)$, Omethoate $(Folimat^{(R)}\;50\%\;Ec)$, Monocrotopos $(Azodrin^{(R)}24\%\;Ec)$, Acephate $(Ortran^{(R)}\;50\%\;Wp)$, Metalkamate $(Bux^{(R)}24\%\;Ec)$. BPMC $(Bassae^{(R)}50\%\;Ec)$ and MIPC $(Mipcin\;50\%\;Wp)$ were tested with 100, 200 and 400 times of water solution on the basis of single application at the six different intervals. Salithion was the most effective for the pressure of the gall formation by the pine gall midges and Omethoate, Monocrotophos and Metalkamate were relativey effective and others no effective. The most reliable concentration of the insecticides was 100 times of water solution, and the feasible timing of insecticide application on the basis of single application would be from May 9 to July 1 with Salithion, June 6 with Metalkamate and June 20 with Omethoate and Monocrotophos. The number of pine needles with the larval injured signs (no larvae in the needles) excluded the gall-formed needles were relatively higher in the treatments of Omethoate, Salithion and Monocrotophos than other insecticides. The treatments of Omethoate, Salithion and Monocrotophos caused the lower larval population in the gall than other insecticides.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.49-54
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• 1969

As one phase of the biological control of the Pine gall-midge, Thecodiplosis japonensis Uchida et Inouye, this investigation on birds as a vertebrte predator of the larvae of Pine gall-midge was carried out. Species of the birds as predator, number of the larvae as prey for individual birds and seasonal trends of the prey quantity were studied. This work was carried out during the late fall of 1967 and 1968 at Kwang Nueng Forest which is one of the heavily infested districts by the Pine gall-midge. 1. Korean Great-Tit, East China Marsh-Tit, Quelpart Coal-Tit, White-headed Long-tailed Tit, Varied Tit, Kamchatkan Rustic Bunting, Yellow-thrated Bunting, Chestnut Bunting and Korean Goldcrest were found to be the predator of the larvae of Pine gall-midge. 2. The average number of larvae as prey found from individual predator bird species were approximatly 108 for Kamchatkan Rustic Bunting, 17-64 for East China Marsh-Tit, 25-28 for Korean Great Tit and 36 for Quelpart Coal Tit. 3. The seasonal change in the number of the larvae which fell into the ground affected the seasonal trends of the prey quantity of the predator birds 4. Among the 380 birds examined, 157 birds were found to attack the larvae of Pine gall-midge.