• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.25
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• pp.109-132
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• 2011

The Vampire has relatively universal images in through the cultural and verbal usages. The comic Higajima and movie display the latest image of Japanese Vampire of asian mode of production. After the Meiji political reformation of 18th Century, Japanese had rapidly changed into European style in every places. However, the Higajima is denied the structural changes, it is insisted that the changing is only the skin deep and colour of hair but the structure of the society is same as feudal Japan. Asian mode of production is claimed by Karl Marx, according to him, it is before the historical developing model in Europe and it was controversial. The major character of modern Japanese history would be the change of hierarchy of king-shogun-samurai-peasant based on the regional ground. The feudal structure is changed by the Meiji reformation and Japan was rushed for the westernized country rather than the asian mode of production. However, Higajima argued that the changing is just the clothes of ruler but the democracy and individual citizenship was lost in that reformation. Vampire is cursed creature that cannot see the sun and it has not the functioned as a human organ. For human it is dead but this creature actively moves and stronger than human and much superior than human in every aspects. It is managed the feeding through the suck the human blood and power to seduction. Even it is not exist, it is quite symbolic phenomenon of cultural usage of superior entity of chain of feeding. The aim of this paper is display the symbolic code Vampire of Asian mode of production in Higajima and political struggling of Japan in actual. To search of the cultural meaning and possibility of the Korean solution of modernity.

• The Journal of Art Theory & Practice
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• no.13
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• pp.35-71
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• 2012

The purpose of this essay is to examine the responses of artists on nuclear experiences through an analysis of the nuclear images represented in contemporary Japanese art. Japan has previously as twice experienced nuclear disaster in 20th century. The first atomic bombs were dropped in 1945 as well as the 5th Fukuryumaru, Japanese pelagic fishing boat, exposed by hydrogen bomb test operated by the US in 1954 nearby Bikini atoll. Due to Tsunami taken place by the great earthquake that caused the meltdown of Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant in March 2010, Japan is being experienced a nuclear disaster again. Despite practical experiences, comtemporary Japanese art has avoided the subject of nuclear disasters since the end of the Asia-Pacific War for a variety of reasons. Firstly, GHQ prohibited to record or depict the terrible effect of atomic bomb until 1946. Secondly, Japanese government has tried to sweep the affair under the carpet quite a while a fact of nuclear damage to their people. Because Japan has produced numerous war record paintings during the Second World War, in the aftermath of the defeated war, most of Japanese artists thought that dealing with politics, economics, and social subject was irrelevant to art as well as style of amateur in order to erase their melancholic memory on it. In addition, silence that was intended to inhibit victims of nuclear disasters from being provoked psychologically has continued the oblivion on nuclear disasters. For these reasons, to speak on nuclear bombs has been a kind of taboo in Japan. However, shortly after the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima, the artist couple Iri and Toshi Maruki visited to ruin site as a volunteer for Victim Relief. They portrayed the horrible scenes of the legacy of nuclear bomb since 1950 based on their observation. Under the condition of rapid economical growth in 1960s and 1970s, Japanese subculture such as comics, TV animations, plastic model, and games produced a variety of post apocalyptic images recalling the war between the USA and Japanese militarism, and battle simulation based on nuclear energy. While having grown up watching subculture emerged as Japan Neo-Pop in 1990s, New generation appreciate atomic images such as mushroom cloud which symbolizes atomic bomb of Hiroshima. Takashi Murakami and other Neo-Pop artists appropriate mushroom cloud image in their work. Murakami curated three exhibitions including and persists in superflat and infantilism as an evidence in order to analyze contemporary Japanese society. However, his concept, which is based on atomic bomb radiation exposure experience only claimed on damage and sacrifice, does not reflect Japan as the harmer. Japan has been constructing nuclear power plants since 1954 in the same year when the 5th Fukuryumaru has exposed until the meltdown of Fukushima Nuclear Plant although took place of nuclear radiation exposures of Three Mile and Chernobyl. Due to the exploding of Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant, Japan reconsiders the danger of nuclear disaster. In conclusion, the purpose of this paper may be found that the sense of victim which flowed in contemporary art is able to inquire into the response of artist on the subject of nuclear as well as the relationship between society, politics, culture, and modern history of Japan and international political situation.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.85-90
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• 2015

Purpose - Global trends play a part to change the structure of the fashion industry. In particular, companies attempting to conduct innovative marketing centering on such products as SPA brands are growing into global companies. SPA stands for "Specialty Store Retailer of Private Label Apparel", meaning its activities are fully integrated from manufacturing through sales, including material procurement design, product, distribution, inventory management, and final sales. For this reason, more understanding of individual corporate profitability is very sensitive to consumer's attitudinal changes. The effects that corporate marketing activities on customer lifetime value through brand attitude were analyzed based on a structural equation model. Rust suggested value equity, brand equity, and relationship equity as customer equity driver. The study examines Chinese consumer because China is the fastest growing fashion market in the world. Research design, data, and methodology - The survey targeted Chinese college student age 20s. Only respondents who had purchased SPA brands in the past year were included for this research. A total of 303, except for 47 missing data of 350 distributed questionnaires were included in this research. The questionnaire is consists of six part to measure value, brand, relationship equity, attitude toward brand, purchase intention and demographic characteristics. This research conducted exploratory factor analysis and reliability test. To verify research hypotheses, structural equation model test was conducted. As for customer equity, diversified models in consideration of the scope of acquisition data, a method of collection of data, influencing factor, and predictability were suggested based on a net present value model. However, the history of customer equity study is relatively short, and sufficient empirical analyses have not been conducted, so more integrated analysis is required. In this study, the concept of driver suggested by Rust was applied to figure out the effects that consumer's attitude has on customer equity. The customer equity driver suggested by them consists of brand equity, value equity, and relationship equity. Results - This study reveals that value equity and brand equity have a positive influence on relationship equity. And, relationship equity has a positive influence on purchase intention through brand attitude. However, value equity and brand equity do not influence on brand attitude. Conclusion - The results of this research generated following implications. First, SPA brands need to take advantage of their value equity such as perceived low price and up-to-date fashion style to attract Chinese young consumer. Second, strong brand equity promises dominants position in the competitive market. As Chinese fashion market grows rapidly, SPA brands can consider branding strategy such as flagship store and celebrity marketing enhancing brand image. Third, the core concept of customer equity strategy is to maintain a relationship with their expecting and existing customers. The relationship equity is built by brand equity and value equity. When SPA brands serves product and service meet with individual customers, customers have intimacy to the brands.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.521-529
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• 2016

This paper presents the historical development process and expressive style of motion graphics which are intended to artistic expression, and discusses the value of artistic expressions in motion graphics through the works and activities of F5 and Semi-Permanent which are the representative organization of that. Commercial use of digital motion graphics has been rapidly widespread and used in most of the picture contents by changes in the digital video production environment with the development of the computer. Motion graphics begins with a graphic design applied to the motion graphic content and is transferred from the abstract representation of the animation at the same time. Since then motion graphics have been developed as an independent genre on the basis of graphic design and animation, and take the important position for the understanding and development of the contemporary design and content industry. Moreover, the motion graphics which present the experiment of various techniques and the aspect of mixed genres contribute to the development and diversification of the visual image. This paper is covered on not only F5 and Semi-Permanent that have published experimental artistic motion graphics but also the analysis of the developed ways and expressive patters to produce experimental motion graphics of their works. Furthermore, it discusses the experimental artistic value of these works.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.283-295
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• 2011

This study deals with the interchange with art that is contained in the works of Yves Saint Laurent, and it is disclosed through his works that modern fashion is part of expressive art while pursuing creative function as a work of art. The study has been performed on the basis of the references, the pictures of his works and interviews posted in domestic and overseas fashion magazines such as Vogue, Fashion News, Mode & Mode, Gap, Collections, etc. Regarding the scope of this study, it specifically deals with works he created from 1958 until 2002, when he announced his last collection. The results of the study show that with respect to Post-Impressionism, his works were greatly affected by van Gogh(who had used colors as active media in depicting his internal mental state) which gave birth to gorgeous and handicraft-like 'Couture-style clothes'. With respects to Fauvism, the works of Matisse also had an impact on Yves Saint Laurent, who added a sense of fauvism in his works through the use of colors, motif, or full reproduction of images from paintings. We see the influence of cubism upon Laurent when we examine his works of 'clothes with artistic value,' which utilized applique, beaded decoration, patchwork, embroidered patterns, relief-like ornaments, etc. using motif or objet much as we see in the works of Picasso and Braque, artists who expressed a new dimension of the formative arts. Laurent's use of neoplasticism, or plainness of painting, demonstrates a new formative art on the three-dimensional human body by using the works of Mondrian, which consist of black lines and primary colors, although generally Laurent's 'neoplastic'works differed from the works of Mondrian by more actively utilizing the lines and colors when designing dress and its ornament. In addition, the paintings and poems of surrealism artists and poets were directly used in the clothes or their images were sometimes borrowed. In order to express respect toward the spirit of surrealism and its artists, the human body motifs such as lips and eyes(which were frequently used by the surrealism artists) were applied to embroidery, printing and beaded decoration. Finally, being inspired by such Pop artists as Andy Warhol, Roy Lichtenstein and Tom Wesselman, Laurent further emphasized the aesthetic value of the popular consumer image in his own work, resulting in the wide recognition of the designs of Yves Saint Laurent as representing the new wave of the Pop Art school.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.89-98
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• 2019

Performing arts, for instance, theatre and dance that perform on the stage, should recognize the contemporary characters and also emphasize the trend of the times. Thus, the subject of those varies and provides the audience diversity contents and style. People who perform those try to put the contemporary characteristic and sociality into their stage by utilizing new technology for their stage to be more sophisticated in aesthetic and philosophic aspects. According to the trend of the times, science and technology have been making great progress. As a result, the stage technology continues to develop, contributing to enhance the aesthetic and philosophical completeness of the performing arts. Also, there are technical and formal researches or methods constantly that make the performing arts new and diverse. Therefore, it can be said that it is very important to widen a category of the performing arts that amplify the actor's acting and emotions on the stage and then give the audience an experience. This paper will analyze in the way which various image techniques utilize to widen the actor's technique in the performing arts and the actor's technique progresses in the era called the Fourth Industrial Revolution era that grafts the art onto new media. Through this paper, in the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, a new paradigm in actor's acting which is becoming a hot topic in performing arts is predicted and anticipated.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Floral Art and Design
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• no.40
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• pp.97-123
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze the spatial characteristics of the unit of garden and to classify and symbolize it, to provide the basis for analyzing the works based on the characteristics of the space and to provide the data that can become the logical foundation for garden design. The research method first analyzed the behavioral scene analysis and the grounded theory methodology as the theory about the space type. It controls the subjectivity of the researcher and derives the characteristics of the space for the garden image based on the experiential knowledge of the expert, It is a qualitative analysis method that aims to increase credibility. The actual case target was the author garden which was exhibited at the 2017 Seoul Garden Expo. Through this process, we have simplified the characteristics of the space and the positives and negatives accordingly. We have grasped the relationship between spatial space, sculptural space, architectural space, and environmental space.. Research on qualitative topics such as the characteristics of space can not completely exclude the subjectivity of the researcher in terms of its characteristics, but such research can provide a rationale for interpreting and evaluating the gardens that depend on the individual's taste.. It can also contribute to the development of the field by providing reference materials for garden designs that rely on designer intuition, or by providing a logical basis for design.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.21
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• pp.19-32
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• 2010

In this essay, Japanese independent animator Koji Yamamura's works were analyzed. As understood from etymology of 'anima', animation is the expression media in which creation of moving image is assumed to be essence. In the independent animation, possibility of animation to the essence shows by the most original and experimental method. And it contributes to diversification of the animation style. Yamamura keeps producing animation independently from the 1980's, and he designed and tried technique and theme of new ideas. Here, on Yamamura's early and after works, his animation method considered by analisis of experimental attempt in technique and theme. In the case of Yamamura, he variously experimented technique on his early works and it was made foundation. And, after , Yamamura searched by the method to harmonize form of animation with content treating drawing animation technique with allegorical theme. Especially, independent animation in Japan has developed growing spontaneously. Therefore the individual aesthetics of Japanese independent animators can be discovered indeed variously intheir creation activity and work. So the importance of independent animation is recognized by concretely analyzing the case of Japanese independent animator. In addition, the way used on the side of possibility of animation expression tries to be considered individual case.

• The Journal of Art Theory & Practice
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• no.5
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• pp.197-215
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• 2007

Yangbanxi("model plays") symbolize the Cultural Revolution(1966~1976) in China. The Eight Model Revolutionary Works include five Chinese Modern Peking Operas, namely, Taking Tiger Mountain by Strategy(智取威虎山), Harbor(海港), Shaijabang(沙家浜), The Red Lantern(紅燈記), and Raid on the White Tiger Regiment ; (奇襲白虎團), ballets such as The Red Detachment of Women(紅色娘子軍) and The White-Haired Girl(白毛女) ; and a symphony: Shajiabang(沙家浜). On April 24, 1967, Chinese leaders, including Mao Zedong, saw a performance of The White-Haired Girl. Yanbanxi was performed in Beijing between May 24 and June 15 the same year. The Red Lantern was designated as a work for the proletarian classes by Jiang Qing(Mao Zedong's third wife and the most influential woman in China) and spread nationwide. It was also made into a film to be enjoyed by many people. The modern Chinese operas went a long way in their creation of visual images of revolutionary heroes. The Red Lantern, in particular, came to be regarded as the most representative revolutionary opera. In the course of such a process, Jiang Qing used Yangbanxi as a political tool for compelling the people to worship and pledge their allegiance to Mao in an effort to turn the Cultural Revolution into a class struggle on behalf of her husband. During the Cultural Revolution period, artists were made to associate with workers, farmers and soldiers based on the idea of advocating revolutionary arts for the proletarian classes. The characters in The Rend Lantern were portrayed as heroes from the proletarian classes according to the demands of the era. Chinese leaders set forth the principles of artistic expression, stressing three important factors: politics, heroes, and heroic acts, which were to be applied to all the visual arts, including Yangbanxi. This paper attempts to present a new view of fine arts during the Cultural Revolution in China by focusing on the productive significance of a leading style of a specific era in the past. To that end, this paper sheds light on products made in conformance with political instructions, stressing the importance of revolutionary heroes in The Red Lantern.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.41
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• pp.187-222
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• 2015

The quantitave increase and qualitative development in the game industry leads to bitter competition and makes game companies struggle to find better ways promoting their own games. The game trailer is one of the critical ways to publicize diverse games by showing visual images directly. There are three reasons why the game trailer comes into the spotlight these days; the rapid growth of the Internet speed handling the large size of files, the remarkable development of visual image quality just like digital movies, and the advent of video websites such as You Tube that shows huge amount of videos regardless of the type and size. However, there are not enough amount of research on the game trailer because using game trailers as the marketing source is still at an early stage. Therefore, this research focuses on providing characteristics of game trailers that are available for practical market analysis. First, this research shows that game trailers can be divided by the category of display, style, and contents type. Second, this research provides the component parts of game trailers that are divided into contents factors such as characters, backgrounds, events and promotional factors such as title, production company name, distribution company name. Third, this research explores research frames that would be needed to analyze marketing strategies, effects of game trailers, production pipelines and so on. These categorizations would be useful for producing game trailers efficiently and utilizing them effectively.