• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.328-335
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• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Studies conducted in Western populations have suggested that dietary calcium may protect against metabolic abnormalities, but there is little evidence of this effect in Asians, who have relatively low calcium intake. We evaluated the cross-sectional relationship between dietary calcium and metabolic syndrome among Korean men and women aged 40 years and over. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A total of 6,375 subjects aged 40 years and over and were recruited between January 2005 and February 2010 from the baseline study of the Multi-Rural Communities Cohort Study in Rural Communities (MRCohort). A food frequency questionnaire was used to collect dietary information. Metabolic syndrome was defined using the modified criteria published in the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel. RESULTS: Calcium intake was related inversely to metabolic syndrome in women (P-value = 0.0091), but not in men (P = 0.1842). Among metabolic components, high waist circumference (WC) (P = 0.0426) and high blood glucose (P = 0.0027) in women and hypertriglyceridemia (P = 0.0017) in men were inversely correlated with calcium intake. Excluding those who used calcium or multinutrient supplements did not attenuate the relationship between dietary calcium and metabolic abnormalities. CONCLUSION: Dietary calcium intake from foods may be inversely related to metabolic syndrome, WC, and blood glucose among women in rural areas of Korea.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.210-220
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• 2006

Purposes: This study examined the relationship between risk behaviors and sexual knowledge, sexual attitudes, and sexual experiences of male high school students. Method: A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted. Data were collected from 2 male high schools in metropolitan Gwangju. Five hundred forty-eight boys were enrolled in this study. Descriptive statistics, factor analysis, t-test or ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation were used for data analysis. Results: The mean sexual knowledge and sexual experience scores were relatively low, 0.60 out of 1 point, and 0.75 out of 4 points, respectively. Three attitude types of the students were identified: permissible, conservative and pleasure seeking attitude. The score of the permissible type was affected by the subjects' exposure to pornographic material. The score of the conservative type was affected by alcohol consumption and acquaintances with a heterosexual friend. The score of the pleasure seeking type was affected by their exposure to pornographic material, alcohol consumption, smoking, going to a video-room, and acquaintances with a heterosexual friend. There was a negative correlation between the permissible type and sexual knowledge, and a positive correlation between the conservative and pleasure seeking types and sexual experience. Conclusion: Male high school students who have been exposed to risk behaviors have a higher likelihood of indulging in sexual activity, and the pleasure seeking type appears to be related to sexual experience. An educational program may be needed to prevent risky behaviors and sexual experiences in male high school students considering their sexual attitude type.

• 한국임상보건과학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.963-972
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• 2017

Purpose. This study uses Ajzen's theory of planned behavior to investigate predictors associated with the intention of smoking cessation in smokers among high school students in a community. Method. The study population consisted of 138 smokers from high school students in a community. Between May to April 2015, Data was collected through questionnaires. Data analysis was performed using the PASW 21.0 program, and one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression analysis. Results. The mean intention of smoking cessation of this study was 3.98/5. The significant correlates of the intention of smoking cessation were attitudes toward smoking cessation (${\beta}=.36$, p=.003), self efficacy for smoking cessation (${\beta}=.44$, p<.001), satisfaction of school life (${\beta}=.22$, p=.009), number of friends smoking (${\beta}=.76$, p<.001), and previous experience of smoking cessation (${\beta}=.92$, p<.001). These variables explained 75.6% of variance in the intention of smoking cessation. Conclusion. The study suggests that various factors including previous experience of smoking cessation, number of friends smoking, self efficacy for smoking cessation and attitudes toward smoking cessation were important variables in explaining the intention of smoking cessation among high school students. Therefore, these variables are crucial in determining the promotion and intention of smoking cessation among high school students.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.339-348
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was conducted to understand the degree of Internet addiction, Internet expectation and self-efficacy and we also wanted to elucidate the factors influencing this addiction among the high school students in Korea. Method: A total of 348 high school students in the Gyeoung-gi, Daegu and Gyeoung-buk area were surveyed in this study. Data collection was conducted through the use of questionnaires. Results: Internet addiction among high school students in Korea was relatively low. In the overall ratio distribution, however, the students who were classified as either addicted or at risk of addiction accounted were a high percentage of the subjects, 31%. A positive or negative relationship was found between internet addiction and the research variables. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the most powerful predictor of Internet addiction was Internet expectations. Conclusion: Using the above results, it would be necessary to develop an Internet addiction prevention program for adolescents. There should be a qualitative study in the future for an in-depth understanding of internet addiction of adolescents.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.37-48
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• 1994

In order to grasp the occupational add social characteristics of the onset of lumbago among elementary and high school teachers, 423 elementary and high school teachers were taken as subjects of study through questionaires. The following are the results of the study which were analyzed through data, conducted for one month in the City of Taegu, between Jun. 90, and Jul. 20 of 1993: 1. the incidence of lumbago of the entire teachers was $75.2\%$, with the elementary school teacher$(81.9\%)$ higher than high school teacher$(70.6\%)$. 2. In the relationship between the characteristics of job and lumbago. characteristics of teaching, monthly income, chores and satisfaction with job did not show significance, but weekly teaching hours, mental stress and the degree of comfort of chair reflected significantly(p<0.01). 3. In social relationship, personal nature, sleeping hours and place, smoking and drinking did not hold significance, but daily average walking hours, posture during sleep, general health conidition(p<0.01) and daily average riding hours and regular exercise(p<0.05) etc. showed significant relationships. 4. In the sistuation of lumbago of the teacher groups, no significant differences wee found in the cause of lumbago, duration of lumbago, sick leaves and recognigion of lumbago, but it was contrary in the treatment of lumbago(p<0.01). Based on the above results, lumbago is closely related to occupational and social factors, the prevention and treatment can be diversified based on occupation and environment. Consequently, regular educational program is considered imperative mainly on prevention of lumbago by putting aside time for such purpose.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제3권
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• pp.78-98
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• 1997

Health education, as the most fundamental concept for national health promotion, alms for developing the self-care ability of the general public. High school days are regarded as the period when most important physical, mental and social developments occur, and most health-related behaviors are formed. School health education is one of the major learning resources influencing health potential in the home and community as well as for the individual student. High school health education in Korea has a fundamental systemic flaw in that health-related subjects are divided and taught under various subjects areas at school. In order to achieve the goal of school health education, it is essential to make a systematic assessment of the learner's concerns connected with his health and life, and the factors affecting them. So far, most of the research projects that had been carried out for improving high school health education were limited in their concerns to a particular aspect of health. Even though some had been done in view of comprehensive school health education, they failed to Include a health assessment of the learner. Therefore, in this study the high school students' concerns related to health and life were investigated in the first place on the basis of the PRECEDE model, developed by Green and others for the purpose of a comprehensive diagnostic research on high school health education. This study was done in two steps : one was the basic study for developing research instrument and the other was the main one. The former was conducted at five high schools in Seoul and Cheongju for 2 months-beginning in March, 1996. The students were asked to respond to questions related to their health and lives in unstructured open-ended question forms. On the basis of analysis of the basic study, the diagnostic instruments for the quality of life, health problems, health behavior and educational factors were constructed to be used for the collection of data for main study. An expert panel and the pilot study were used to improve content validity and reliability of the instruments. The reliability of the instruments was measured at between .7697 and .9611 by the Cronbach $\alpha$. The data for this study were collected from the sample consisted of the junior and senior classes of twenty general and vocational high schools in Seoul and Cheongju for two months period beginning in July, 1996. In analyzing the data, both t-test and $X^2$-test were done by using SAS-$PC^+$ Program to compare data between the sexes of the high school students and the types of high school. A canonical correlation analysis was carried out to determine the relationships among the diagnostic variables, and a multivariate multiple regression analysis was conducted by using LISREL 8.03 to ascertain the influences of variables on the high school students' health and quality of life. The results were as follows : 1) The findings of the hypothesis tests (1) The canonical correlation between the educational diagnosis variables and behavioral, epidemiological, social diagnosis variables was .7221, which was significant at the level of p<.001. (2) The canonical correlation between the educational diagnosis variables and the behavior variables was .6851, which also was significant (p<.001). (3) The canonical correlation between the behavioral diagnosis variables and the epidemiological variables was 4295, which was significant (p<.001). (4) The canonical correlation between the epidemiological diagnosis variables and the social variables was .6005, which was also significant (p<.001). Therefore, the relationship between each diagnosis variable suggested by the PRECEDE model had been experimentally proven to be valid, supporting the conceptual framework of the study as appropriate for assessing the multi-dimensional factors affecting high school students' health and quality of life. Health behavior self-efficacy, the level of parents' interest and knowledge of health, and the level of the perception of school health education, all of which are the educational diagnostic variables, are the most influential variables in students' health and quality of life. In particular, health behavior self-efficacy, a causative factor, was one of the main influential variables in their health and quality of life. Other diagnostic variables suggested in the steps of the PRECEDE model were found to have reciprocal relations rather than a unidirectional causative relationship. The significance of this research is that it has diagnosed the needs of high school health education by the learner-centered assessment of variety of factors related to the health and the life of the students. This research findings suggest an integrated system of school health education to be contrived to enhance the effectiveness of the education by strengthening the influential factors such as self-efficacy to improve the health and quality of the lives of high school students.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.259-275
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to determine the factors related to eating behavior of breakfast and dietary life score in elementary, middle, and high school students. This study was conducted by administering questionnaires, and data were analyzed by the SPSS program. The subjects were divided into three groups according to school group (elementary, middle, and high school). The subjects consisted of 1,879 students (male 973, female 906) from 11 schools in Kyungpook. The distribution of subjects was as follows: elementary school children 682, middle school students 702, and high school students 495. The results are summarized as follows. Dietary life score was 72.64 for elementary school students, 64.77 for middle school students, and 62.67 for high school students. Frequency of eating breakfast and reasons for skipping breakfast were significantly different according to school group (P<0.001, P<0.01, respectively). The main reason for skipping breakfast was 'habitual skip' for elementary and middle school students (54.8%, 46.7%) and 'getting up too late' in high school students (55.4%). There were no significant association between frequency of eating breakfast and BMI. However, there were significant differences in school performance and sleeping hours according to frequency of eating breakfast (P<0.001, P<0.01, respectively). Dietary life score was significantly different according to frequency of eating breakfast (P<0.001). These results stress the need for intervention programs aimed at decreasing the frequency of skipping breakfast in children and students at school. Further, those who prepares meals for children must increase their concern about preparing breakfast.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.383-389
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• 2007

Purpose: In this study, the Internet game addiction level was assessed, and parent-child attachment level associated with the addiction was analyzed. Method: From December 5 to 23, 2005, self-reported questionnaire data were collected from 990 Busan City elementary school students of the 5th and 6th grades. The questionnaire consisted of questions about their characteristic features in playing Internet games based on the K-scale developed by KADO. The data were analyzed using the SPSS WIN 10.0 program. Frequency, percentage, arithmetic mean, and standard deviation, $X^2$-test, ANOVA analysis and Scheffe test were used to analyze the data. Results: 1. With regard to the level of Internet game addiction, 71.2% of the students responded that they were general users, and 6.3%, at high risk for addiction. Mean scores were 103.3 for the high-risk group, 77.7 for the potential risk group, and 55.86 for the general user group. The total mean was 63.74. 2. Mean scores for parent-child attachment levels were 97.1 and 99.6 for father and mother, respectively. Conclusion: These results suggest that a collaborative program to educate and counsel parents to increase the parent-child attachment level needs to be established in protection and recovery programs for Internet game addiction.

• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.135-146
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• 2019

Objectives: This study aims at analyzing relationships between college life adoption, self-efficacy, and self-esteem in undergraduates majored in dental hygiene to explore the ways to prevent college dropouts and promote and support college life adaptation. Methods: This study was made with the use of a self-completion questionnaire with 200 undergraduate students, aged 19 or older, majored in dental hygiene in three colleges situated in Gyeonggi-do, from September 02 to 11, 2019. The results were analyzed using the SPSS Program Version 22.0. Results: First, the degree of college life adaptation in undergraduates majored in dental hygiene was found to be the highest, in those who were under 20 years old and first grade, decided to major in dental hygiene because of 'its aptitude and future career', and graduated from general high school and with a high economic level. Second, the degree of college life adoption was found to be the highest in the third grade in terms of social adaptation, and of the first grade was higher than the second grade. Third, as for the degree of attachment to college, it was revealed to be the highest in those decided to major in dental hygiene because of 'its aptitude and future career', and the degrees of academic adaptation, emotional adaptation, and attachment to college were found to be higher in general high school graduates than specialized high school graduates. Fourth, the factor having the most significant influence on college life adaptation in undergraduates majored in dental hygiene was found to be self-efficacy, followed by self-esteem and economic level. Conclusion: From these results, it is possible to assume that when developing programs to prevent college dropouts in undergraduates majored in dental hygiene, it should consider their high schools, school grades, and motivations to decide to major in dental hygiene. In addition, in order to take an educational approach to raise self-esteem and self-efficacy in career decision making to raise the degree of college life adaptation.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.143-152
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• 2016

Objectives: Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Associations between metabolic syndrome and several types of cancer have recently been documented. Methods: We analyzed the sample cohort data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service from 2002, with a follow-up period extending to 2013. The cohort data included 99 565 individuals who participated in the health examination program and whose data were therefore present in the cohort database. The metabolic risk profile of each participant was assessed based on obesity, high serum glucose and total cholesterol levels, and high blood pressure. The occurrence of cancer was identified using Korean National Health Insurance claims data. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models, adjusting for age group, smoking status, alcohol intake, and regular exercise. Results: A total of 5937 cases of cancer occurred during a mean follow-up period of 10.4 years. In men with a high-risk metabolic profile, the risk of colon cancer was elevated (HR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.14 to 1.71). In women, a high-risk metabolic profile was associated with a significantly increased risk of gallbladder and biliary tract cancer (HR, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.24 to 3.42). Non-significantly increased risks were observed in men for pharynx, larynx, rectum, and kidney cancer, and in women for colon, liver, breast, and ovarian cancer. Conclusions: The findings of this study support the previously suggested association between metabolic syndrome and the risk of several cancers. A high-risk metabolic profile may be an important risk factor for colon cancer in Korean men and gallbladder and biliary tract cancer in Korean women.