• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.93-98
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• 2017

Background: Although phytoremediation is a promising method for pollution control, biomass produced by the remediation process must be managed; otherwise, it will eventually return to the environment and cause secondary pollution. Therefore, research and policy development for the post-remediation management of biomass are both required. Results: While there are many published studies of phytoremediation, research into post-remediation management is very limited. Therefore, a new study using biomass as a co-composting material was conducted and showed positive effects on soil characteristics and plant performance. However, despite its potential, research and policies to promote this form of management are still lacking. Conclusions: We suggest public engagement in support of "Post-phytoremediation management" legislation that stipulates management of biomass after phytoremediation, promotes recycling of biomass with known environmental risks, and includes specific policies developed for managers. Further research to support and inform such policies and laws is also required.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.419-444
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• 2009

In this paper, we use case studies to analyze the supporting programs of policy funds for Korean and Japanese small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs). It is found that supporting firms are suitable to the excluded companies from financial institutions and excellent corporate credit rating. It is also shown that subordinated loan program as well as loan limit can be enlarged policy funds with priming water of private funds. Moreover, it shows that credit guarantee funding has a positively significant influence on long-term funding facility. Therefore, this findings can improve the complementary relationship between policy funds and financial institutions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.25 no.6_3
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• pp.1183-1190
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• 2022

Recently, the Ministry of Strategy and Finance announced a plan to reduce the proportion of economic evaluation in non-metropolitan areas and strengthen balanced development evaluation through the reorganization of the preliminary feasibility study system. In addition, the social value of the quality of life, such as job, environment, and safety, which may be affected by the implementation of transportation facility investment projects, was reflected as the main item of policy evaluation. In this study, the ripple effect of the project in terms of social value was reviewed for the Gangil-Chuncheon. The effect of highway opening was investigated by reviewing the feasibility report, post-evaluation report, and statistical indicators. Recently, the Gangil-Chuncheon highway is getting used by around 110,000 people per day. The number of tourists in Chuncheon rapidly has increased from 5 million a year to more than 11 million now. In addition, it was confirmed to produce effects such as population migration, net inflow and land price increase, improvement of living convenience, and expansion of emergency medical care. Although this ripple effect was influenced by various socio-economic factors as well as the opening of the highway, it is clear that it is difficult to occur without the opening of the highway. It is judged that the evaluation of indirect benefits and social values due to the opening of the highway can be quantified through continuous research and data construction. Post-evaluation of construction works, including project efficiency evaluation and ripple effect evaluation, is performed for construction works with a construction cost of more than 50 billion won. In the future, we will continuously improve the evaluation system in order to evaluate the indirect benefits and social values of public investment projects.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.9 no.10
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• pp.73-82
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• 2018

Purpose - Unstable vegetable prices have been one of the major concerns in Korean agricultural and food marketing system. The Korean government has implemented a number of policy instruments, including government purchasing programs in order to alleviate fluctuations in vegetable prices. The economic impact of policy instruments has been assessed based on the average monthly price change rate before and after the implementation of the policy. However, this approach failed to provide a net impact of policy measures on price stabilization in the vegetable markets, as policy impacts could not be successfully distinguished from other effects on price changes in the vegetable market. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the net impact of the government purchasing program on the price volatility of dried red pepper which is considered one of the major vegetables in Korea. Research design, data, and methodology - This study develops a monthly dynamic partial equilibrium model of Korean dried red pepper market. Behavioral equations in the model were estimated by OLS and synthetic method based on the annual and monthly time series data from 1993 to 2015. The model is first simulated to yield actual dried red pepper market conditions in 2015 as a baseline and then compared it to the scenario assuming that there were no government purchases of dried red pepper in 2015. Results - According to the ex-post scenario analysis using the developed model, without the government procurements in 2015, the average monthly price change rate and the value of coefficient of variation of dried red pepper in 2015 would be respectably 7.9 percent and 0.10. It is relatively higher than the actual average monthly price change rate and the value of coefficient of variation of dried red pepper in 2015 which were respectively 1.7 percent and 0.06. Conclusions - The ex-post simulation results in this study shows that if there were no government purchases of dried red pepper in 2015, the dried red pepper market would have had much higher volatile price movements. The results of this study would provide useful information for future price stabilization policy of vegetable markets in Korea.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.169-188
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• 2008

Analyzing on an object in the sphere of domestic law with the method of international law has been already on the horizon in international law. For the lawyers of international law and space law, it is quite natural that they utilize the method of international law, whatever objects they may choice. The reason is that the characteristic of international law do not depend upon object in itself, but depend upon method in itself. The object of this paper is the idea of Peaceful Use(IPU or PU) in Japanese Space Policy. The method to be applied to this analysis is the international law's interpretation theory on legal principles, i.e., the method of international law. One of the aims of this paper is to explain critically the need of review on IPU in Japanese Space Policy; in particular with respect to the positive reconstruction of IPU through historical analyzing on the transfiguration and the mere shell of the Post-War Japanese Pacifism(PJP) as the starting point of IPU. The historical process of the transfiguration and the mere shell is as followed, i.e., "from the ultra-nationalism in the pre-war Japan to PJP in the post-war Japan, from PJP to IPU, and from IPU to IPU's regression. In particular with respect to the interpretation theory, the meaning of the teleological, aims and objects school's approach on the interpretation of legal principles(P) has been emphasized. The reason is that the promising development of IPU will be realized by cooperating with the interpretation theory on P in international law. At the end of the beginning, I'd like to quote K. Marx's thesis in order to make the positions and missions the lawyers of international law and space clear. It is as follows, i.e., "THE PHILOSOPHERS HAVE ONLY INTERPRETED THE WORLD IN VARIOUS WAYS - THE POINT, HOWEVER IS TO CHANGE IT.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.172-176
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• 2015

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.67-96
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• 2012

The Ministry of Environment in Korea has been promoting the urban stream restoration project for paved streams in cities as the restored Cheonggyecheon. As an elementary study for suggesting policy implications for the project, cost and benefit criteria for an ex-post analysis on the Cheonggyecheon project is suggested in this study. The ex-ante analysis were reviewed critically by focusing on the cost and benefit criteria. Ex-post analysis plan in this study is developed considering the standard guideline of pre-feasibility, the theory of cost-benefit analysis, and the review results. The costs for compensating lands, amending conflicts, researching rivers, and maintaining water quantity were also included. For the benefits, this study proposes to estimate the benefits with the assessment on naturalness of stream. The results are expected to contribute to increase the efficiency of the urban stream restoration project and evaluate the project to match better with the meaning of the river restoration.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.75-81
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• 2014

Methanotrophic denitrification under a non-aerated condition (without external supply of oxygen or air) was investigated in a bioreactor coupled with a membrane diffuser. Batch experiment demonstrated that both methane consumption and nitrogen production rates were not high in the absence of oxygen, but most of the nitrate was reduced into $N_2$ with 88% recovery efficiency. The methane utilized for nitrate reduction was determined at 1.63 mmol $CH_4$/mmol $NO_3{^-}$-N, which was 2.6 times higher than the theoretical value. In spite of no oxygen supply, methanotrophic denitrification was well performed in the bioreactor, due to enhanced mass transfer of the methane by the membrane diffuser and utilization of oxygen remaining in the influent. The denitrification efficiency and specific denitrification rate were 47% and 1.69 mg $NO_3{^-}-N/g\;VSS{\cdot}hr$, respectively, which were slightly lower than for methanotrophic denitrification under an aerobic condition. The average concentration of total organic carbon in the effluent was as low as 2.45 mg/L, which indicates that it can be applicable as a post-denitrification method for the reclamation of secondary wastewater effluent. The dominant fatty acid methyl ester of mixed culture in the bioreactor was $C_{16:1{\omega}7c}$ and $C_{18:1{\omega}7c}$, which was predominantly found in type I and II methanotrophs, respectively. This study presents the potential of methanotrophic denitrification without externally excess oxygen supply as a post-denitrification option for various water treatment or reclamation.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.76-84
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• 2022

Recently, as the frequency of natural disasters has increased, causing enormous human and material damage, the importance of managing disasters is emphasized. In particular, as the concept of Build Back Better becomes meaningful, it has appeared that considering it during Post-disaster Reconstruction is a necessity. Therefore, in this study, the relative importance evaluation and correlation analysis were performed for each influencing factor through the derivation of the influencing factors that should be considered during the reconstruction approach stage of reconstruction after disasters, and a survey of overseas disaster-related experts. As a result of the analysis, 'Adaptability to the environment changes in the future was derived as the most significant influencing factor. It seems that the results of this study can be used as basic data when carrying out the reconstruction project.

• Korea and Global Affairs
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.157-184
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• 2018

The study has applied the four stage "Model of State Behavior in Crisis" to trace the post 9/11 crisis foreign policy decision making process in Pakistan. It argues that ominous attacks on the United States by al-Qaeda and subsequent declaration of President Bush to fight against terrorism transformed the global and regional politico-security dimensions at t1 stage. Being a neighboring country, Pakistan's support was inevitable in the war on terror and Washington applied coercive diplomacy to win the cooperation from Islamabad. Consequently, in case of decline to accept American demands, Pakistan perceived threat to basic values/objectives of the country and simultaneous time pressure amplified the psychological stress in decision makers at t2 stage. Therefore, the decisional forum was setup at t3 stage and Pakistan decided to join the United States at t4 stage, which defused the foreign policy crisis.