• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.15-24
• /
• 2004

The purpose of this research was to compare the effects of Danjeon Breathing exercise and walking exercise on physical fitness of middle-aged women. The Danjeon breathing exercise group(20) took health management counseling and performed an eighty-minute Danjeon breathing exercise three times a week for 12 weeks while the walking exercise group(25) took health management counseling and performed a walking exercise seven hours per week for 12 weeks. The control group(20) received only health management counseling. $VO_2max$, back strength, flexibility, balance, power and agility were measured using the Health Management System developed by the Korea Physical Science Institution. The collected data were analyzed by using the SPSS PC program and $x^2$, ANOVA, repeated measures of ANOVA and LSD. The result of this study are as follows: 1. There were significant differences on back strength, flexibility, agility and power among Danjeon breathing exercise group, walking exercise group and control group. The degree of back strength, flexibility and power of the Danjeon breathing exercise group was higher than that of the walking exercise group and the control group. The degree of agility of the walking exercise group was lower than that of the control group. 2. There were no significant differences on $VO_2max$ and balance among Danjeon breathing exercise group, walking exercise group and control group. In conclusion, Danjeon breathing exercise improves back strength, flexibility and power than walking exercise and walking exercise improves agility than Danjeon breathing exercise.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
• /
• v.23 no.6
• /
• pp.810-825
• /
• 2021

This study measured and analyzed clothing pressure at each measurement part of commercial body shapers to provide basic information for product design and clothing pressure standard and level. This study used five body shaper. Clothing pressure measurements were taken at 18points: Anterior area 8points, lateral area 5points, posterior area 5points. The findings of this study were as follows. As a result of measuring the clothing pressure, the body shaper 1 showed the highest pressure, and body shaper 5 showed the lowest pressure at almost of the measurement points of the three body types. In some cases, body shapers 2, 3, and 4 showed different orders of pressure depending on the measurement point. The highest measured values in most body shapers were the P1 shoulder area and the P2 bust area. The lowest measurement area differed by body type, but mainly P3 underbust area, P4 thorax area and P9 axillary area, P11 waist lateral area, P13 hip lateral area. These body shapers showed different results depending on the the manufacturers and body type of middle-aged women, and because there was no standard for the pressure value. Therefore, it is necessary to design a body shaper sizing system after accurately setting the clothing pressure value for each body part of the consumer.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.184-192
• /
• 2023

The purpose of this study was to compare and analyze the body composition, muscle circumference, and muscle activity of men in their 30s and 50s when the resistance exercise program was applied for 12 weeks, and to provide basic data for the preparation of the resistance exercise program for middle-aged men before entering old age. Nine men in their 30s and eleven 11 men in their 50s participated in the moderate intensity resistance exercise program for 12 weeks. Two weeks before the experiment, body composition, muscle circumference, and EMG were pre-tested, and then body composition and muscle circumference were additionally measured at the 8th week. Body composition, muscle circumference, and EMG were measured within 2 weeks after the 12 week exercise program. The measured data were compared and analyzed by Mixed design two-way ANOVA, and the following results were obtained. The body composition showed a significant difference only in the skeletal muscle mass, and it increased in the 30s group at 8 weeks. Muscle circumference did not show significant difference according to group and time. Muscle activity showed a significant difference according to group and time, and pectoralis major and triceps brachii showed a significant decrease to 30s group. The pectoralis major was higher in the 30s group at all times. In summary, when applying a 12-week resistance exercise program for young men and middle-aged men, the effect of improving muscle strength may appear similar, but they are not consistent, and it is thought that gradual changes in training variables are needed to improve muscle mass.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.320-329
• /
• 2013

Objectives We carried out this study to know that there is any differences on the health condition of the middle aged women between Sasang coustitution. We used Diagnosis System of Oriental Medicine(DSOM) for diagnosis and determining pattern identification. Methods This research was approved by the Dongeui University Oriental Hospital Institutional Review Board (certificate no. 2011-06). From March 2012 to October 2012, we examined Kupperman's index, the MENQOL, DSOM, and Sasang Constitution of 291 women from the general population, with ages ranging from 40 to 60 years. And we compared the results statistically by the chi-square test and F-test. Results and Conclusions We excluded 4 Taeyangin to analyze because they were few, and analyzed 287 subjects which were 53 Soyangin, 131 Taeeumin, and 103 Soeumin. 1. The pathogenic factors that showed significant differences were deficiency of qi, insufficiency of Yin, heat on the frequency of the output and deficiency of qi, heat, phlegm on the mean of pathogenic factor score. Deficiency of qi was higher in Soeumin, insufficiency of Yin and heat were higher in Taeeumin, and phlegm was higher in Taeeumin and Soeumin. Overall, Soyangin tended to be lower than others on both the frequency of the output and the mean of pathogenic factor score. 2. The middle aged women with ages ranging from 40 to 60 years tended to be dryness, kidney, damp and became to be blood-deficiency, stagnation of qi, heart easily. Soyangin was more health than others, Taeeumin tended to be heat, phlegm, insufficiency of Yang, and Soeumin tended to be deficiency of qi.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.35 no.4
• /
• pp.385-395
• /
• 2011

This study investigates the buying behavior of apparel by middle aged women according to lifestyles. Questionnaires were distributed to 300 women who lived in the Seoul area and between 40 to 65 years of age. A sample of 248 women responded. To analyze the data, Factor Analysis, Cluster Analysis, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and a Duncan test were used. As a result, the respondents were clustered into 4 different groups according to lifestyles. The groups included practical oriented group, economic oriented and practical group, active oriented and appearance group, and economic group. Their buying behavior was as follows. First, the active oriented and appearance group shopped at department stores and specialty stores; however, the economic oriented and practical group shopped at discount stores more often than other groups. The practical group shopped more frequently using TV home shopping networks, discount stores, and outlet stores, the economic group shopped at off-price stores, discount stores, and online more than the other groups. Second, the active oriented and appearance group bought classic suits and semi-classic suits, imported brand and/or designer brand apparel more often than other groups. Third, the active oriented and appearance group perceived another person's appearance, advertisement, and shop display as a more important information source than other groups. Forth, the active oriented and appearance group considered design & style, harmony with self-image, brand name, color, and coordination with other clothing as more important selection factors for clothing than other groups. The economic groups considered coordination with other clothing; however, the economic oriented and practical group cited ease of care as more important factors.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.45-59
• /
• 1999

This study has been attempted to measure health education needs-assessment of middle-aged women and to analyze the factors affecting health education needs-assessment. There were 618 subjects(middle-aged women, 40 to 59 years of age). The major findings of the study were as follows: 1. Seventy six point six percent of the respondents wanted health education. The remainder did not want health education because of the lack of the time. 2. For those desiring to receive health education, there was statistically significant difference in education(p〈0.001), income(p〈0.05), employment(p〈0.05), recreation(p〈0.001), knowledge on health(p〈0.001), routine medical check-ups(p〈0.01) and health education experience(p〈0.001). 3. Forty nine percent of the respondents wanted formal education as a way of education and 41.7% wanted life-long education center for the place of education. Sixty two point five percent of responded that ‘once a month’ is adequate for the health education, and 62.7% felt that ‘around one hour’ duration is appropriate. 4. The area the respondents were most interested in was disease control especially in the order of cancer and osteoporosis. 5. There was statistically significant difference between the age group of 40's and 50's in personal health care and environmental health area(p〈0.01), weight control area(p〈0.01), mental health and exercise area(p〈0.05), drinking and smoking area(p〈0.01). 6. The more knowledge on health, the higher health education needs-assessment. Middleaged women who received routine medical check-ups had more health education needs-assessments than those who didn't.

• Journal of Fashion Business
• /
• v.3 no.3
• /
• pp.15-26
• /
• 1999

The purpose of the study was to investigate brand images and fashion leaderships of women's wear manufacturers targeting middle-aged women or older women. Thus, this study was to be an exploratory study to investigate clothing behavior of elderly female consumers and search apprel niche-market for them. The questionnaire consists of questions on brand images, fashion leadership, and merchandise assortment. The subjects were to evaluate their brand images and rated on 5 point Likert-type scales of 29 adjectives. The fashion leadership of these brands was evaluated by the degree of fashion trends adopted on 7 aspects including fashion images, silhouettes, fabrics, colors, design details, accessories, and item-coordinations. For the survey, both interview and the subjects were 66 manufacturers which have national brands or designer brands. Among 44 respondents, 30 respondents were designers and the rest of them were merchandiser or shop managers. The SPSS PC+ package was used to calculate frequency, T-test, and cluster analysis. The results from survey of manufacturers targeting middle-aged women or older women are as follow: 1) The brand imges which they pursue are prestigious, practical, and elegance. 2) There were significant differences in brand images, and national brand manufacturers pursue stronger images in prestigious, chic, intelligent, competency, than designer brand manufacturers. 3) 40 brands were divided into two clusters. 36 brands were included in one cluster, and only 4 brand were belong to the other cluster. In this market, the image of feminity was grouped with the image of prestigious, chic, intelligent, competency. 4) In product planning, the adption level of fashion trends in 7 aspects was generally at medium level, but fashion trends were more adopted in fabric, color, and item-coordination.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.101-115
• /
• 2015

The purpose of the study was to investigate differences in self-esteem, appearance satisfaction, and clothing benefit pursuit among middle-aged consumer groups according to the gap between their subjective age and real age. For the study, the questionnaire was developed by the author and distributed to male and female consumers in their forties or fifties on september 1~10, 2014. A total of 470 questionnaires was collected and used for the final analysis. Data were analyzed by frequency analysis, reliability analysis, factor analysis, cluster analysis, ANOVA and Tukey's test, using the SPSS 18.0 Package Program. The findings were summarized as follows. The respondents were clustered in three groups including a group with younger subjective age than real age, a group with same subjective age group to real age, and a group with older subjective age group than real age, The younger subjective age group and same subjective age group showed greater self-esteem and appearance satisfaction than the other group. There were significant differences in four factors of clothing benefit pursuit including pursuit of fashion, pursuit of youth, pursuit of leisure, and pursuit of conformity among these three age groups. The younger subjective age group and same subjective age group showed greater importance on pursuit of fashion, pursuit of youth, and pursuit of leisure, whereas the older subjective age group did on pursuit of conformity.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.143-162
• /
• 2014

The purpose of this study is to analyze the influences on resource transfers between middle-aged parents and their married children. This study used 2009 data from the National Research Foundation of Korea regarding inter-generational resource transfers and preparation for later life (kfr-2009-c00010). A sample of 1208 households of middle-aged parents with married children was used. The study found that parents provided financial resource transfers to their married children in the following circumstances: where parents received financial resource transfers from their married children, where the household income of parents was high, where the children were younger, and where the children were male. Parents provided instrumental resource transfers to their married children in the following circumstances: where parents received instrumental resource transfers from their married children, where the gender of children was female, where the children were employed, where married children had their own children who were either younger than a preschooler, and where household incomes of married children were high. Parents received financial resource transfers from their married children in these circumstances: where their emotional ties with their children was high, where the household income of the parents was low, where the household income of the married children was high, and where married children had preschoolers. The circumstances in which parents received instrumental resource transfers from their married children were where parents provided instrumental resource transfers and the household incomes of married children were high.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.185-192
• /
• 2000

As the percentage of the elderly in the population increases, research to identify the nutritional and health status of the elderly, to understand the factors influencing on them, and to delay aging have been done actively. It is necessary for these studies to be longitudinal. This study was carried out to assess the change of health-related habits such as dietary behaviors and smoking, alcohol drinking and exercising habit, and health status between previous study(1991/1994) and post study(1998) for middle-aged men and women living in Chonju. For the present study, the data of 63 pairs(23 men and 40 women) were analyzed. They were 11 men and 12 women followed up from 82 men and 100 women surveyed in 1994. Mean ages in the 1991/4 and 1998 studies were 53.6y(range 42-63y) and 59.0y(range 46-72y) respectively. The survey was conducted with interview using a questionnaire including dietary behaviors and health-related habits, and anthropometric measurement and blood test for analyzing biochemical indices in 1991/4 and 1998. To understand these changes over time, $\chi$$^2$-statistics, t-test and paired t-test were analyzed with an SAS package program. As people age, there were significantly decreases in the proportions to eat lightly salted foods and drink alcohol. Significant longitudinal increases in triceps skin fold thickness, ${\gamma}$-GPT and HDL-cholesterol and significant decrease in hemoglobin value were noted over time in both men and women. In addition a significant decrease in blood glucose level was noted over time in women. Weight, blood glucose and total cholesterol increased significantly with age in those had had breakfast regularly or those had not used more slat at the table in the past. From this study, were found out the subjects of this study had relatively desirable health-related habits. But as improper health-related habits are likely to result in inappropriate health status(eg, increase in WHR, triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol), it is recommended that nutrition education in necessary as soon as possible to meet the health elderly.