• The Journal of the Korean life insurance medical association
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.143-151
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• 1985

In medical selection of Daehan Education Insurance, We doubted that 140 cases(male 117 cases, female 23 cases) might have the fatty infiltration of the liver by ultrasonography. We examined the weight and the hypertension of 140 patients by biochemically analyzing the blood extracted under fasting according to the age-distribution. The results are as follows: 1. 90% out of them had body weight than normal subject. 34.29% out of them were hypertension patients and most of them were $30{\sim}39's$ and $40{\sim}49's$. 2. As compared with the normal subjects in serum lipid value, HDL cholesterol value was low, but total cholesterol, Triglyceride, phospholipid and total lipid value were significantly high. Especially the statistical value of Triglyceride was very significantly high. 3. Total abnormal rate of sGOT value in Liver function test is 34.43% and the mean value of it is 66 unit and the abnormal rate of sGPT value is all 3.14% and the value of it is 70 unit. 4. The abnormal rate of Alkaline phosphatase value is 9.29% and the abnormal rate of total Bilirubine value is 14.29%. As HBsAg positive rate is 2.14% and HBs Ab positive rate is 31.43%, the positive rate of HBsAg represents Lower positive rate than Korean mean value. 5. The abnormal rate of the fasting blood glucose is 15.00% and the abnormal rate of Blood sugar pc 2hrs is 30.71%. 6. The abnormal case of protein, Albumin, Globulin, BUN, craetinine and Hemoglobin value was not found to any of them and in the above liver function test except serum lipid value, the rate not showing the abnormal value represents 45.3%(male) and 52.17%(female).

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.1-22
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• 2018

We estimate three continuous-time stochastic volatility models following the approach by Aït-Sahalia and Kimmel (2007) to compare the Korean and US stock markets. To do this, the Heston, GARCH, and CEV models are applied to the KOSPI 200 and S&P 500 Index. For the latent volatility variable, we generate and use the integrated volatility proxy using the implied volatility of short-dated at-the-money option prices. We conduct MLE in order to estimate the parameters of the stochastic volatility models. To do this we need the transition probability density function (TPDF), but the true TPDF is not available for any of the models in this paper. Therefore, the TPDFs are approximated using the irreducible method introduced in Aït-Sahalia (2008). Among three stochastic volatility models, the Heston model and the CEV model are found to be best for the Korean and US stock markets, respectively. There exist relatively strong leverage effects in both countries. Despite the fact that the long-run mean level of the integrated volatility proxy (IV) was not statistically significant in either market, the speeds of the mean reversion parameters are statistically significant and meaningful in both markets. The IV is found to return to its long-run mean value more rapidly in Korea than in the US. All parameters related to the volatility function of the IV are statistically significant. Although the volatility of the IV is more elastic in the US stock market, the volatility itself is greater in Korea than in the US over the range of the observed IV.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.2197-2204
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• 2015

In recent years, medical image diagnosis has growing significant momentous in the medicinal field. Brain and lung image of patient are distorted with salt and pepper noise is caused by moving the head and chest during scanning process of patients. Reconstruction of these images is a most significant field of diagnostic evaluation and is produced clearly through techniques such as linear or non-linear filtering. However, restored images are produced with smaller amount of noise reduction in the presence of huge magnitude of salt and pepper noises. To eliminate the high density of salt and pepper noises from the reproduction of images, a new efficient fuzzy based median filtering algorithm with a moderate elapsed time is proposed in this paper. Reproduction image results show enhanced performance for the proposed algorithm over other available noise reduction filtering techniques in terms of peak signal -to -noise ratio (PSNR), mean square error (MSE), root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), image enhancement factor (IMF) and structural similarity (SSIM) value when tested on different medical images like magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computer tomography (CT) scan brain image and CT scan lung image. The introduced algorithm is switching filter that recognize the noise pixels and then corrects them by using median filter with fuzzy two-sided π- membership function for extracting the local information.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.97-102
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• 2011

Electroglottography (EGG) is a common method for providing non-invasive measurements of glottal activity. EGG has been used in vocal pathology as a clinical or research tool to measure vocal fold contact. This paper presents the results of pitch, jitter, and closed quotient (CQ) measurements in electroglottographic signals of young (mean = 22.7 years) and elderly (mean = 74.3 years) male and female subjects. The sustained corner vowels /i/, /a/, and /u/ were measured at around 70 dB SPL since the most notable among EGG variables is the phonation intensity, which showed positive correlation with closed phase. The aim of this paper was to measure EGG data according to age and gender. In CQ, there was a significant difference between young and elderly female subjects while there was no significant difference between young and elderly male subjects. The mean value for young males was higher than that for elderly males while the mean value for young females was lower than that for elderly females. Thus, it can be said that in mean values, increased CQ was related to decreased age for females, while CQ decreased for males as the speaker's age decreased. Although the laryngeal degeneration due to increased age seems to occur to a lesser extent in females, the significant increase of CQ in elderly female voices could not be explained in terms of age-related physiological changes. In standard deviation of pitch and jitter, the mean values for young and elderly males were higher than that for young and elderly females. That is, male subjects showed higher in mean values of voice variables than female subjects. This result could be considered as a sign of vocal instability in males. It was suggested that these results may provide powerful insights into the control and regulation of normal phonation and into the detection and characterization of pathology.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.42-47
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• 2014

This paper investigates an adaptive approximation design problem for the tracking control of output-constrained non-affine pure-feedback systems. To satisfy the desired performance without constraint violation, we employ a barrier Lyapunov function which grows to infinity whenever its argument approaches some limits. The main difficulty in dealing with pure-feedback systems considering output constraints is that the system has a non-affine appearance of the constrained variable to be used as a virtual control. To overcome this difficulty, the implicit function theorem and mean value theorem are exploited to assert the existence of the desired virtual and actual controls. The function approximation technique based on adaptive neural networks is used to estimate the desired control inputs. It is shown that all signals in the closed-loop system are uniformly ultimately bounded.

• International Journal of Knowledge Content Development & Technology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.67-100
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• 2018

This study comprehensively draws a conclusion using factors of economic, social, and educational value and performed a survey on librarians and users to compare and analyze the difference in perception between the two groups. The result are as follows: First, Libraries had the social value not only on research and personal learning but also on establishment and vitalization of communities, provision of opportunities to share ideas between local residents and create something new, and provision of recreation to improve the residents' capability. Second, both groups evaluated the libraries' educational role and function relatively highly. In particular, the librarians scored very high for the items that the libraries' educational role was expanding, the libraries were a part of the educational system, and the libraries' value on reading and literacy was great, and the users thought that libraries had an value because they were a part of education and the educational system. Third, economic value part also obtained relatively lower scores than other values; the mean of the librarian group was 3.46 and the user group was 3.43. Among the economic values, the librarian group scored the highest for the area of economic value for local communities, and the greatest scores were given to manpower development by the users.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.59-66
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• 2006

Learning behaviors of a radial basis function network (RBFN) using a singular value decomposition (SVD) and stochastic gradient (SG) algorithm, together named RBF-SVD-SG, for odor sensing systems are analyzed, and a fast training method is proposed. RBF input data is from a conducting polymer sensor array. It is revealed in this paper that the SG algorithm for the fine-tuning of centers and widths still shows ill-behaving learning results when a sufficiently small convergence coefficient is not used. Since the tuning of centers in RBFN plays a dominant role in the performance of RBFN odor sensing systems, our analysis is focused on the center-gradient variance of the RBFN-SVD-SG algorithm. We found analytically that the steadystate weight fluctuation and large values of a convergence coefficient can lead to an increase in variance of the center-gradient estimate. Based on this analysis, we propose to use the least mean square algorithm instead of SVD in adjusting the weight for stable steady-state weight behavior. Experimental results of the proposed algorithm have shown faster learning speed and better classification performance.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.425-435
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• 2016

In this paper, we analyze the inverse statistics of rainfall for 12 regions from 1973 to 2014. We obtain a probability density function f(x) of daily rainfall x, and $f({\tau}_{\rho})$ of the first passage time ${\tau}_{\rho}$ for a given ${\rho}$. Lastly, we derive the relation between ${\rho}$ and ${\tau}_{mean}({\rho})$, i.e., the averaged value of ${\tau}_{\rho}$. The analyses result in the x and ${\tau}_{\rho}$ have stretched exponential distributions. Also, ${\tau}_{mean}({\rho})$ has the form of a stretched exponential function. We derive the shape parameter ${\beta}$ of the distribution, and analyze the characteristics of 12 regional rainfalls.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.29-41
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• 2010

In this study, the prediction errors of various spatial interpolation methods used to model values at unmeasured locations was compared and the accuracy of these predictions was evaluated. The root mean square (RMS) was calculated by processing different parameters associated with spatial interpolation by using techniques such as inverse distance weighting, kriging, local polynomial interpolation and radial basis function to known elevation data of the east coastal area under the same condition. As a result, a circular model of simple kriging reached the smallest RMS value. Prediction map using the multiquadric method of a radial basis function was coincident with the spatial distribution obtained by constructing a triangulated irregular network of the study area through the raster mathematics. In addition, better interpolation results can be obtained by setting the optimal power value provided under the selected condition.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.17-26
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• 1993

The layer that is directly influenced by ground surface is called the atmospheric boutsdary layer in comparison with the free atmosphere of higher layer. In the boundary layer, the changes of wind, temperature and coefficient of turbulent diffusion in altitude are large and have great influences an atmospheric diffusion. The purpose of this paper is to express the structure and characteristics of development of mixed layer by using laboratory experiment and numerical simulation. Laboratory experiment using water tank are performed that closely simulate the process of break up of nocturnal surface inversion above heated surface and its phenomena are analyzed by the use of horizontally averaged temperature which is observed. The result obtained from the laboratory experiment is compared with theoretical ones from ; \textsc{k}-\varepsilon numerical model. The results are summarized as follows. 1) The horizontally averaged temperature was found to vary smoothly with height and the mixed layer developed obviously being affected by the convection. 2) The mean height of mixed layer may be predicted as a function of time, knowing the mean initial temperature gradient. The experimental values are associated well with the theoretical values computed for value of the universal constant $C_r$= 0.16, our $C_r$ value is little smaller than the value found by Townsend and Deardoru et al.