• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.7
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• pp.259-268
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to identify effective ways to prevent periodontal disease in adults with risk factors for metabolic syndrome based on health examination examinees of some area. The study participants included 9,902 subjects who had received health checks at the Korea Association of Health Promotion from January 1 to December 31, 2014. All data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, chi-square test, logistic regression using IBM SPSS 24.0 Ver. As a result, it was found that regular oral examination (0.579), use of oral products (0.499), and oral health education (0.358) are most likely to affect the incidence of periodontal diseases among those affected by metabolic syndrome. The odds ratio of periodontal disease increased 1.79 times without regular oral examination, 1.61 times without oral products, and 1.43 times without oral health education (p<0.001). In conclusion, the results suggest that people with metabolic syndrome have a high risk of periodontal disease and that regular checkups, use of oral products, and oral health education are very important to prevent periodontal disease.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2000

The wandering spider, Pardosa astrigera, had four pairs of ocelli that arranged in three rows on the cephalothorax. Along the anterior margin lay a pair of small anterior median (AM) eye flanked on each side by anterior lateral (AL) eye. Two large posterior median (PM) eye was situated on the clypeus behind the anterior row and still more posteriorly was a pair of posterior lateral (PL) eye. The visual cell of retina consisted of cell body, rhabdome, and intermediate segment. Bipolar neuron was found in anterior median eye (principal eye) and unipolar neuron in others (secondary eye). Rhabdome showed that arranged in PMeye and PLeye. But rhabdomes of AMeye and ALeye were irregular in retina. Except AMeye, incontinuous tapetum found in ALeye, PMeye, PLeye. Anterior median eye was similar to anterior lateral eye in length and posterior median eye similar to posterior lateral eye. Component size of eye were similar to 4 pairs eye in cornea. Size of lens, cell body, and rhabdome was similar not only anterior median eye and anterior lateral eye but also posterior median eye and posterior lateral eye. Vitreous body was large posterior median eye than others.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.678-683
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• 2003

Preschool children in Iksan city, 3-5 years old, were examined for their prevalence of severe early childhood caries. The case definition was 1 or more cavitated, filled, or missing (due to caries) smooth surfaces in primary maxillary anterior teeth. Feeding behavior and oral hygiene behavior were investigated by a questionnaire. The prevalence was 20.8% for 36-47 months, 23.6% for 48-59 months, and 30.8% for 60-71 months. Going to sleep with bottle beyond 1 year (P<0.05), immediate removal of bottle after child fell on sleep (P<0.01), beginning time of toothbrushing (P<0.01) had significant relationship with the prevalence of severe early childhood caries. Toothbrushing frequency of primary care provider and use of oral cleaning aids by primary care provider had a tendency to be related with the prevalence(P<0.10).

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.165-172
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• 2006

Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) involves tissue protection against the destructive action of neutrophil elastase at the site of inflammation. Several studies on new functions of SLPI have demonstrated that SLPI may play a primary role in innate immunity than protease inhibitor, To identify the function of SLPI by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation in the embryonic fibroblast (NIH3T3) cells. we studied the expression of SLPI compared to other growth factors involving the LPS treatment. To address this, we performed the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blots for the detection of mRNA and protein expression of the SLPI and some growth factors such as VEGF. bFGF, and PDGF-BB after LPS stimulation. NIH3T3 cells were exposed 100 ng/mL Escherichia coli LPS for 30min, 60min, 90min, 24h, and 48h, respectively. The result of RT-PCR showed that SLPI and VEGF mRNA was expressed strongly in NIH3T3 without related to LPS stimulation. mRNA of bFGF was weakly expressed such as the expression of the control. PDGF mRNA expression gradually increased follows at time course. However, SLPI protein level was increased in lysates and culture medium by LPS stimulation. Phase contrast microscopic and scanning electron microscopic observation showed that the increased cell number and cytoplasmic enlargement of the NIH3T3 cells. Therefore, it suggests that the LPS upregulates SLPI expression in NIH3T3 cells. Moreover, secreted SLPI may stimulate cell proliferation and migration.

• Annals of Clinical Microbiology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.9-13
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• 2019

Background: The isolation of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) has become increasingly common. Continuous surveillance for these organisms is essential because their infections are closely related to outbreaks of illness and are associated with high mortality rates. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate multiplex PCR as a means of detecting several important CPE genes simultaneously. Methods: We aimed to develop a multiplex PCR that could detect seven CPE genes simultaneously. The multiplex PCR was composed of seven primer sets for the detection of KPC, IMP, VIM, NDM-1, GES, OXA-23, and OXA-48. We designed different PCR product sizes of at least 100 bp. We evaluated the performance of this new test using 69 CPE-positive clinical isolates. Also, we confirmed the specificity to rule out false-positive reactions by using 71 carbapenem-susceptible clinical strains. Results: A total of 69 CPE clinical isolates showed positive results and were correctly identified as KPC (N=14), IMP (N=13), OXA-23 (N=12), OXA-48 (N=11), VIM (N=9), GES (N=5), and NDM (N=5) by the multiplex PCR. All 71 carbapenem-susceptible clinical isolates, including Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, showed negative results. Conclusion: This multiplex PCR can detect seven CPE genes at a time and will be useful in clinical laboratories.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Health Science
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.825-833
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• 2017

Purpose .This study aims to assess the influence factors on the level of satisfaction with hospital training and to provide basic data for more efficient hospital practice of students' public health administration . Methods . We have conducted a survey on students satisfaction with their hands on practice against 200 students in Busan, Kyeongnam and Kyungbook area, who have completed their practice in public health administration. We have identified the general characteristics of the target respondents, the current training status of the department for the hospital practice and training venue; also analyzed the characteristics composed of the apprentice student's attitude before the practice, satisfaction with the department training program and hospital for practice, as well as their practice at hospital. The general characteristics of the target respondents and clinic practice status at the hospital were measured in percentage and frequency analysis; the average and standard deviations of hospital size were also measured; and the correlations between satisfaction with the department, attitude towards the practice and satisfaction with the hospital were analyzed. Results . Most public health administration students experienced their practice at the hospital after the first semester on the $2^{nd}$year and they have received the foundation training for the practice. The survey allowed multiple responses and the results are as follows: medical terminology 49.5%, medical coordinator 36.7%, Hospital administration 26.5%, Health insurance 17.3%, and medical recording and practice 13.8% respectively. In terms of each individual student's attitude towards the practice at the hospital, the respondents answered as follows: I have completed the obligatory subjects for the practice before the practice 89.5%; I have been fully informed on the hospital for my practice. 74.5%; I responsibly practiced and worked with professionalism and sense of belonging to the hospital as a member of staff 90%; I have actively learned and adopted 95%; My knowledge and skills from the practice was relevant to the theory and practice from my course 83.5%. The findings of satisfaction by size of hospital were in order of a small clinic($3.24{\pm}0.63$), medium sized clinic($3.27{\pm}0.65$), hospital ($3.20{\pm}0.61$), and large sized comprehensive hospital ($2.93{\pm}0.74$). Consequently the satisfaction rate shows no significant difference by size of hospital. In relations between practice attitude and satisfaction with subject, the matter of acquiring information and fully understanding of the hospital for practice before practice(p=0.04), the matter of a sense of belonging and responsibility at hospital during practice(p=0.33). the matter of active adaptation attitude during practice (p=0.42), and the matter of correlations with school curriculum during practice(p=0.00) showed significant results. In relations between practice attitude and satisfaction with the hospital for practice, the matter of acquiring information and fully understanding of the hospital for practice before practice(p=0.01), the matter of a sense of belonging and responsibility at hospital during practice(p=0.04), and the matter of correlations with school curriculum during practice(p=0.00) showed significant results. Conclusion . The most essential subject for the practice in public health administration is medical terminology and there is no significance in satisfaction with the practice by size of hospital. Students were content with the hospital where they can experience as much as possible. Students content with their major show positive attitude towards the practice and so do those content with the hospital. Those with the positive attitude towards the practice show the high correlation of satisfaction with both the major and hospital. As a result, the satisfaction with the major is the significant attribute to the practice in the hospital.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.102-112
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• 2011

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of chronic exposure by welders to manganese (Mn) through an analysis of the degree of brain activity in different activities such as cognition and motor activities using the neuroimaging technique of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The neurotoxic effect that Mn has on the brain was examined as well as changes in the neuro-network in motor areas, and the usefulness of fMRI was evaluated as a tool to determine changes in brain function from occupational exposure to Mn. Methods: A survey was carried out from July 2010 to October 2010 targeting by means of a questionnaire 160 workers from the shipbuilding and other manufacturing industries. Among them, 14 welders with more than ten years of job-related exposure to Mn were recruited on a voluntary basis as an exposure group, and 13 workers from other manufacturing industries with corresponding gender and age were recruited as a control group. A questionnaire survey, a blood test, and an fMRI test were carried out with the study group as target. Results: Of 27 fMRI targets, blood Mn concentration of the exposure group was significantly higher than that of the control group (p<0.001), and Pallidal Index (PI) of the welder group was also significantly higher than that of the control group (p<0.001). As a result of the survey, the score of the exposure group in self-awareness of abnormal nerve symptoms and abnormal musculoskeletal symptoms was higher than those of the control group, and there was a significant difference between the two groups (p<0.05, respectively). In the correlation between PI and the results of blood tests, the correlation coefficient with blood Mn concentration was 0.893, revealing a significant amount of correlation (p<0.001). As for brain activity area within the control group, the right and the left areas of the superior frontal cortex showed significant activity, and the right area of superior parietal cortex, the left area of occipital cortex and cerebellum showed significant activity. Unlike the control group, the exposure group showed significant activity selectively on the right area of premotor cortex, at the center of supplementary motor area, and on the left side of superior temporal cortex. In the comparison of brain activity areas between the two groups, the exposure group showed a significantly higher activation state than did the control group in such areas as the right and the left superior parietal cortex, superior temporal cortex, and cerebellum including superior frontal cortex and the right area of premotor cortex. However, in nowhere did the control group show a more activated area than did the exposure group. Conclusions: Chronic exposure to Mn increased brain activity during implementation of hand motor tasks. In an identical task, activation increased in the premotor cortex, superior temporal cortex, and supplementary motor area. It was also discovered that brain activity increase in the frontal area and occipital area was more pronounced in the exposure group than in the control group. This result suggests that chronic exposure to Mn in the work environment affects brain activation neuro-networks.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.56-66
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• 2010

Objectives: The study aimed to explore dental status and denture satisfaction in some rural elderly people. Methods: A total of 546 participants aged over 65 years was surveyed cross-sectionally. The subjects were surveyed with regard to their denture satisfaction by a structured questionnaire. The Wilcoxon or Kruskal-Wallis test was used for analysis. Results: As for respondents' satisfaction for dentures by the Likert scale of 5 score, aesthetic satisfaction (3.73) was highest, followed by general satisfaction (3.56) and masticatory functions satisfaction (3.45). In addition, the educational level, occupation, monthly income, the number of remaining teeth, use of denture variables have statistically significant difference in the denture satisfaction of those elderly people interviewed. Conclusions: The results showed that denture satisfaction in some rural elderly people was different in each categories. Consequently, providing tailor-made oral health education programs for the effective denture management of the elderly people should be needed in order to improve the quality of life of the aged.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.158-175
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• 2005

Statement of problem. Every effort has been continually made to obtain objectivity in measuring the longevity of fixed restorations, such as by establishing unified judgement standard for deciding success and adopting statistical method that analyzes the data of successful and failed cases at the same time. In Korea, however desired level of development has not to be made in this field yet. Purpose. This study, adopting California Dental Association (CDA) quality evaluation system, established objective standard for deciding success, and inferred the longevity of fixed restorations and their failure analysis through adopting Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Material and method. In order to assess the longevity of flxed restorations serviced in Korea and causes of failure, a total of 1109 individuals (aged 15-74, 716 women and 393 men loaded with 2551 unit fixed restorations, and 1934 abutments) who lived in Kyung-In Province were examined and the findings were as follows : Results. 1. Length of service of fixed restorations serviced in Korea was 6.86$\pm$0.15 yr (mean), 5.5 yr (median), and the rate of success was 65.82% in 5 year survival, and 21.15% in 10 year survival. 2. When there was patient's need for replacing old prosthetics, longevity of fixed restorations was 7.51$\pm$0.27 yr (mean), 7 yr (median), and the rate of success was 61.08% in 5 year survival, and 17.57% in 10 year survival. 3. Longevity of fixed restorations was longest in the over-sixty age group(9.21$\pm$0.66) and that of the teen age group(3.39$\pm$0.28) was shortest (p<0.05). 4. Longevity of fixed restorations of women (7.38$\pm$0.18 years) was longer than that of men (6.00$\pm$0.26) (p<0.05). 5. As for the provider factor (such as unlicensed performers, university hospitals, and private clinic), there was no statistically significant difference in longevity of fixed restorations. 6. Defective margin (34.78%). periodontal disease (12.15%), periapical involvement (11.73%), was the most frequent causes of failure and poor esthetics group showed the longest life above all (p<0.05). Actual frequent causes of failure after removing old prosthetics were defective margin, periapical involvement, periodontal disease and uncemented restoration. In 75.67% of the cases, abutment state after removing old prosthetics was good enough for loading another prosthetics. 7. There was found to have statistically significant influence between longevity of single crown (6.35$\pm$0.20 yr) and that of 3 unit fixed restorations (7.60$\pm$0.30 y) (p<0.05). In each case the most frequent cause of failure was defective margin. 8. The number of cantilever pontic, pontic/abutment ratio, oral hygiene status were found to have no statistically significant influence on longevity of fixed restorations in all groups (p>0.05). 9. Longevity of fixed restorations made of non precious metal was longest (9.60$\pm$0.40 yr) semi precious and precious trailing behind(p<0.05). 10. Group function group (37.04%) and partial group function group (44.62%) were predominant in frequency but showed no correlation between them and among different types of occlusal plane and different types of occlusal surface (p>0.05). 11. Longevity of fixed restorations was longest in the centric interference group(9.35$\pm$0.62) (p<0.05) among different types of occlusal interference. Conclusion. We found that longevity of fixed restorations serviced in Korea is affected by age, gender and type of material, and that most frequent cause of failure is defective margin. In order to assess the accurate longevity of axed restorations, unified research design. overcoming inter-observer difference and establishing the objective research items are needed. Furthermore, it is thought that prospective approach through thorough study and regular follow-ups is needed just from the start of research. Nationwide detailed studies on length of service of fixed restorations manufactured in Korea are hoped to be conducted hereafter.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.71-79
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• 2011

Aim: Disc displacement without reduction of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) has been managed by mandibular manipulation to reduce the displaced disc but with a low success rate. The purpose of this study was to determine whether auriculotemporal nerve block anesthesia had an effect on the reduction of the displaced disc and to analyze the factors that influenced the result. Methods: 112 patients were diagnosed with disc displacement without reduction and treated by mandibular manipulation. Disc was recaptured in 35 patients. Among the 77 patients with whom disc recapture had failed, the auriculotemporal nerve was blocked with a local anesthetic in the 49 patients (mean $age \;{\pm}\; SD\; =\; 34.4\;{\pm}\; 15.1$; male 24, female 25) and then mandibular manipulation was performed again. Factors including age, elapsed time from the onset, and opening amount were analyzed in association with disc reduction rate with the auriculotemporal nerve block. Results: Among 49 patients who did not respond to manipulation only, manual reduction with auriculotemporal nerve block anesthesia was successful in 19 patients (38.8%). Maximum unassisted opening amount significantly increased in the 19 patients with successful recapture of the disc ($mean \;{\pm}\; SD\; =\; 46.1 \;{\pm}\; 4.5\; mm$), in contrast to the limited opening amount of the 49 patients before local anesthesia of the auriculotemporal nerve ($mean \;{\pm}\; SD\; =\; 25.7 \;{\pm}\; 6.0\; mm$). Age, elapsed time after the onset, and preoperative opening amount were not associated with the reduction rate. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that auriculotemporal nerve block anesthesia increases the reduction rate of the disc displacement without reduction of the TMJ when combined with mandibular manipulation, and such anesthesia should be applied at the first stage of manual treatment of disc displacement without reduction.