• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.77-91
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• 2004

Objective: The purpose of this study were to examine the growth pattern of weak children by measurement according to the five weak symptoms (respiratory, digestive, psycho-neurological, neuromotor, urogenital symptom). Five weak symptoms are common etiology of short stature in childhood and oriental medicine therapy is used as a treatment in short stature but the effects on height are not conclusive. Methods: This clinical study had been carried out with the 166 case (male 74, female 92) of the children aged 3 to 18 years old who visited in growth clinic of Pediatrics, Dongguk university Bundang Oriental Hospital. They were divided into 3 groups by age (3-10, 11-14, 15-18 years group) Five weak symptoms were studied to determine the association with growth stature among children by comparison with the growth stature of weak children group and normal group Results: The distribution of age showed the highest in 11-14 years(58.4%), followed by I 3-10 years (26.5%), over 15years(15%) in order. In case of male, the distribution of five weak symptoms showed the highest respiratory weak symptom(68.9%), followed by digestive(52.7%), psycho-neurological(43.2%), neuromotor(24.3%), urogenital weak symptom (143.5%) and digestive weak children's Height SDS were lower than normal children in all age groups and respiratory weak children's Height SDS were lower than normal children in age group of 3-10. In case of female, the distribution of five weak symptoms showed the highest digestive weak symptom(59.8%), followed by respiratory(52.5%), psycho-neurological(51.5%), neuromotor (35.9%), urogenital weak symptom (25%) and digestive weak children's Height SDS were lower than normal children in age group of 3-14. Other weak children Height SDS were no significant difference from normal group. Conclusions: From the above result, it was suggested that weak symptoms is cause in short stature. These data indicate that the height was correlated with respiratory, digestive weak symptom and a way to improve the weakness increased significantly height in children growth stature. Growth stature should be investigated as a new field of oriental medical treatment and more controlled, long term studies are required to classify benefits of Oriental medicine therapy in short stature.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.71-88
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• 2009

Objectives The purpose of this study is to find out the correlation between Stroop interference and the symptoms of weak children. Methods Questionnaire and performed Stroop interference test were done by 145 patients in OO Oriental Medical Hospital from May to October 2009. 120 patients who were considered as the weak children were divided into two groups: Stroop Interference T score above average group and below average group, and were surveyed again. Results 1. The study showed that age, the highest marked subject and behavior habits correlate to interference score and subjects characteristics. 2. Weak children groups had the highest tendency of having weak heart followed by weak lung spleen, liver, and kidney. Normally, a patient belonged to more than one of the weak children groups. 3. The study showed that a group of children who has weak heart and lung were related to interference score. The group which earned below average interference score had the highest frequency of being children with weak heart group. The group scored above average, however, had the highest chance of being children with weak lung group. 4. The study showed that interference score was related to four out of fifty questions about the weak children symptoms. Plus, related questions were all about the heart weak children symptoms. Conclusions In conclusion, there were significant correlation between interference score and the group consists of children who were weak: more specifically with children with weak heart.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.127-136
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• 2000

The frequency of weak children, derived from constitutional and functional factors, has increased recently, but their symptoms have never been observed and analysed. A survey was conducted to evaluate and understand the characteristics of weak children. 311 children who had visited in the weak child clinic of Kyunghee Oriental Medical Hospital from January, 1999 to August, 1999, were the respondents of the Weak Child Questionnaire. They were divided into 4 groups by age and birth weight, and statistical significances were tested by one way analysis of variances and bivariate correlation analysis among groups. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Distribution of sex : male 191 cases, female 120 cases 2. The distribution of age showed the highest in $2{\sim}6$ years(45.3%), followed by $7{\sim}12$ years(31.8%), $0{\sim}1$ years(18.0%), over 13 years(4.8%) in order. There was a statistical difference of all symptoms' mean, except respiratory symptoms, among groups(p<0.01). 3. The distribution of birth weight showed the highest in $2.5{\sim}3.3kg(43.4%)$, followed by $3.3{\sim}4.1kg(39.5%)$, under 2.5kg(5.1%), over 4.lkg(2.1%) in order. There was a statistical difference of digestive symptoms' and total score mean among groups(p<0.01, p<0.05 respectively). 4. The correlation coefficient between general symptoms' mean and other symptoms´ is the highest(p<0.01). From the above results, it was suggested that general symptoms are representative of weak children's characteristics.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.25-34
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• 2012

Objectives The purpose of this study was to find out the relationship between developmental disabilities and oriental medicine using diagnostic procedure based on the symptoms of weak children. Methods The questionnaire administrated to 42 developmental disability children in ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ Hospital's physical therapy room, and 90 general children in day care center. Results 1. The mean value of every organ's weak score was higher in developmental disability children group than that of general children group. 2. Regardless of developmental disabilities, the biggest portion among all children was lung weak children. 3. The percentage of the weak children was 38.1% in developmental disability group and 20% in general children group. 4. Heart, spleen, kidney weak children were significantly more in developmental disability group than in general children group. Conclusions Developmental disability children's weak symptom scores were higher than general children. Also, developmental disability children were more prone to weaker heart, spleen, kidney than general children.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.51-67
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• 2008

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to research the internet addiction and the Weak children. Methods : Total 400 of 5th and 6th grade JeonJu Elementary student children consisted with 203 men, 197 women were chosen for this study. They answered questionnaires of the internet addiction and the Weak children on June 12th, 2008. Results : 75% were general internet user, latent danger user group was 14.7%, high danger user group was 10.3%. The mean of the general weak children was the highest and then the group of children who had Heart, the Lung, the Liver, the Spleen, the Kidney problems were followed. These showed the relationships with living styles, especially eating patterns and parents' concerns about children's internet use. The more serious internet addiction was, the more the weaker children symptoms were answered significantly. The heart weak children symptoms were found in latent-high danger internet user group. Conclusions : In conclusion, the physical and psychological symptoms of the internet addiction children were resulted by the disturbance of Qi and the pathological change of internal organs.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.55-69
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• 2009

Objectives This study is designed to evaluate the relationship between school life maladjustment and oriental medicine by diagnostic procedure based on the symptoms of weak children. Methods The questionnaire administrated to 130 fifth grade elementary school students in Daejeon was analyzed. Results 1. Comparing and analyzing different sexes in terms of school adjustment grades, girls were more adaptable than boys. 2. Weak score didn't show significant difference in sex and in the school adjustment 3. Based on the relationship between a group normal children and a group of children with weak lung, normal children group was more adaptable than group of children with weak lung. Conclusions School life maladjustment should be investigated as a new field of oriental medical treatment and further study needs to be done.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.1-14
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• 2008

Objective : This study was designed for find corelation between behavior and physical symptoms in child. Physical symptoms appearing related with weak viscera are selected. And behaviors related to selected symptoms are compared that of children with character type defined by jung, c. G. Method: 497 children ( 3-11 years old ) who have visited two oriental clinic ( one is in Gang-Nam Gu Seoul (282 children), the other is in Joong-Rang Gu Seoul (215 children) ) from Jan. to Jul. 2006 were invested through the questionnaires, which were filled by their parents. These questionnaires have 61 yes-no type questions about behaviors on 12 situations, 36 yes no type questions about physical symptoms in 15 categories. 6 questions expected positive answer in child with weak spleen are categorized sp-q and 6 related weak lung, lu-q, 6 related weak kidney, ki-q. Numbers of positive answers in sp-q, lu-q and ki-q are counted so-index, lu-index and ki-index each. Corelation between behavior questions and 3 symptom indexes are measured and questions shown low significance level ( under 5% in pearson corelation, two-tailed ) are selected. Result: 15 behaviors related sp-index, 12 related lu-index, 12 related ki-index are selected and analysed. Conclusion : 1. Behaviors related sp-index is similar to that of Thinking Type children Grouped by jung, c. G.. 2. Behaviors related lu-index is similar to that of Sensation Type. 3. Behaviors related sp-index is similar to that of Feeling Type.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.43-52
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between LLFDI and quality of sleep in older men with prostatic hypertrophic symptoms. Methods: The secondary analysis of data collected for the 2nd stage BK(Brain Korea)21 project was performed. The original data were collected using a cross-sectional, face-to-face, and private interview method. The questionnaires consisted of prostatic hypertrophic symptoms, late-life function and disability, quality of sleep, and demographic profiles. Results: A total of 112 older men included in this study. The major findings of this study were as follow; 1) 29.5% of participants had more than moderate symptoms of prostatic hypertrophy. 2) There were a significant positive correlation of prostatic hypertrophic symptoms with subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep disturbances, use of sleeping medication, and daytime dysfunction found, whereas there was a negative relationship with frequency dimension. 3) The LLFDI is significantly associated with urgency, weak stream, and intermittency. The quality of sleep is significantly associated with weak stream which explained 11.2% of variance. Conclusion: These results may contribute to a better understanding late-life function and disability, quality of sleep in older men with prostatic hypertrophic symptoms. Therefore, health programs for prompting older men's health should be planned based on results of the study.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.629-636
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• 2019

Objective: This study was designed to assess the correlation between gastrointestinal symptoms, depression, and anxiety in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Method: New patients who visited the ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ Oriental Hospital completed standardized questionnaires. These consisted of questionnaires for IBS based on Rome III criteria, the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Results: A total of 103 patients participated. Among them, IBS was observed in 42 patients. There was a weak correlation between GSRS and BDI, but it was not statistically significant. There was a statistically significant weak correlation between GSRS and BAI. The main symptom factors affecting BAI were borborygmus, increased flatus, sucking sensations in the epigastrium, and abdominal distension. Conclusion: There was a statistically significant correlation between gastrointestinal symptoms and anxiety in patients with irritable bowel syndrome.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.273-279
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• 2013

The objective of this study is to find out a reason why prescriptions have different effects on each patient who has same symptoms or same abdominal examinations and further more to classify the formulas more efficiently. In applying 's prescriptions, it is known that conventional ways such as treatment in accordance with symptoms or abdominal examinations have many advantages and problems reversely. To make up for the problems, additional references like strength of constitutional resistance and location of disease, degree of income and outgo are designed. And the notion in Oriental Medicine embracing aspects mentioned above corresponds to triple energizer. Triple energizer's exuberance-debilitation is able to draw an inference from some factors like density of skin interstices, elasticity of abdomen, appetite, digestive power. According to Exuberance-Debilitation of Triple Energizer, can be divided into five steps: weak(弱)-moderately weak(中弱)-neither weak nor strong(中)-moderately strong(中强)-strong(强). prescriptions would be dealt with those 5 steps, and it would be highly effective and consequently side effects could be reduced. On the basis of this classification method upon formula group, the prescriptions of can be applied more accurately by setting a direction through strength of constitutional resistance and location of disease and combining with existing references like symptoms, palpation and abdominal examinations.