• Journal of architectural history
• /
• v.5 no.1 s.9
• /
• pp.73-86
• /
• 1996

This study is to analyze the geometrical composition system for the plan of S. Pietro by Michelangelo. In the result of study, the plan is based on the geometrical elements of circle square cross, and shaped to symbolize the Universe which consists of the Heaven the Earth the Man. The plan is constituted of the conception of composition into hierarchy and repetition intersecting 45 degree the same sized square with inscribed square in a circle. Such the geometrical composition system can be found out a large number of example to the geometrical composition of architecture and city planning from Vitruvius to Bramante and Da Vinci. This plan is disposed in balance as the regularly proportional system of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, which is formed the principal space. And the interior space is constituted of the organic space system, expanding to the direction of horizontal, vertical(ascension), development for primary space and secondary space with center in the geometric composition system of altar.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
• /
• v.42 no.1
• /
• pp.36.3-36.3
• /
• 2017

The Telescope Array (TA) experiment reported the arrival direction distribution of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) with energies above $5.7{\times}10^{19}eV$ in the northern sky. A clustering of TA events, the so-called hotspot, was found; however, its nature has not yet been understood. To understand the origin of the TA hotspot, we examine the sky distributions of the TA UHECR arrival direction and filamentary structures of galaxies in the local universe. By statistical tests for anisotropy, we find a close correlation of the TA events with the filaments of galaxies connected to the Virgo cluster. We discuss our finding and its implications.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
• /
• v.37 no.2
• /
• pp.72.2-72.2
• /
• 2012

We analyzed the properties of shock waves in galaxy clusters, by using the data of simulations for the large-scale structure of the universe with the spatial resolution of up to 25 kpc/h. In a substantial fraction of clusters, we found that strong shocks with Mach number of several or larger exist in outskirts within the virial radius. They are produced by the accretion of warm gas flowing from filaments to clusters, and generate large cosmic-ray fluxes. The cosmic rays advect into cluster cores, but may temporally induce the population inversion, that is, larger population at larger radius, suggested by recent radio and ${\gamma}$-ray observations.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.118-129
• /
• 1993

In order to approach the nursing care of clients who are using oriental medicine and to understand the perception of the client who uses oriental medicine practices and the need to develop a model of nursing related to oriental medicine it is important to examine the major nursing concepts as they are found in oriental medicine and as they are differently defined according to the basic thought, theory and philosophical perspectives between East and West. Oriental medicine developed based on Sung Confucianism the teachings of Chut-zu, especially Tai-Chi-Tu Shuo and energy thought which are similar to traditional Korean Sasang Constitutional medicine. The basic theory on which oriental medicine is build is the theory of the five elements of Yin / Eum-Yang Theory(cosmic dual forces) and Meridian Theory. The most important attribute of Yin Yang is the concept of duality, confrontation and dependence, within Yin Yang but which do not exist separately. That is, the universe is a vast, indivisible entity within which all things exist in harmonious interdependence and balance. Harmony is achieved only when the two primorial forces, Yin and Yang, are brought into perfect balance. Each is contained within the other and there is a continuing interchange between the two. This also applies to the human body including human health which is defined as balanced harmony. The most universal connection of Yin and Yang is found in the universe where the five elements of life, fire, water, earth, wood and metal can be explained as having either Yin or Yang and therefore being in a state of connectedness but systematically circulating between the two, that is essentalilly one (the control of the unified ) or as coexistant poles of individual wholes (the pluralism of Yin Yang Theory) so that it is all unified(balanced) in the Great Absoulte. Human beings also maintain a balance of Yin and Yang in the five elements and this relationship is very important in approaching ·oriental medicine, The meridians are the channels in the body through which the life force flow throughout the body. In oriental medicine the meridians are seen as the railroad, the acupuncture points on the meridians as the stations and energy as the train. In the normal healthy organism, all are maintained in balance and in a contiuous circulation of energy. illness is the result of the energy flow becoming disarranged. Although practitioners of oriental medicine approach the client differently than do practitioners of Western medicine and their method of examining the patient is different, the basic objectives of the examination are the same for practitioners of both types of medicine. Therefore if each could be used to supplement the defiencies in the other and achieve a harmonious cooperation between the two, a higher level of care which is culturally appropriate to korean culture could be achieved. The traditional korean concept of health is a naturalistic view which emphasizes being in harmony with nature. Any manifestation of disease is considered a sign that the body is in a state of disequilibrium and is thus no longer in harmony with the universe. The wholistic view of the world held by practitioners of oriental medicine can be used by nursing in the development of a world view of nursing in which the human being is seen within the macrocosm as part of the natural phenomenon of the universe and but also as a microcosm of the universe, a universe which is a vast and indivisible entity within which all things exist in harmonious interdependence and balance. Interaction between human beings and their environment and the relationship of this interaction to health are concepts that are also found in nursing. Nursing views human brings, not as an accumulation of separate cells and organs but, as unified wholes interacted in very close relationship nth their environment. Nursing also maintains a view of human beings in which emphasis is placed on the role of the mind in explaining the concepts of harmony and balance in health. Although there are differences between oriental medicine and nursing in approaches to clients, the basic point of view and philosophy have many fundamental similarites. An understanding of the basic thought and philosophy of oriental medicine if applied to nursing, would allow for the development, not only of nursing related to oriental medicine, but of a nursing theory appropriate to the korean context.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
• /
• v.46 no.2
• /
• pp.67.3-67.3
• /
• 2021

Shocks are induced in the intracluster medium by mergers of subclusters during the hierarchical structure formation of the universe. Radio relics detected in the outskirts of galaxy clusters have been interpreted as diffuse synchrotron emission from cosmic ray electrons accelerated at such merger shocks. Using a set of cosmological hydrodynamic simulations, we study how the properties of merger-driven shocks depend on the parameters such as the mass ratio and impact parameter of mergers. In particular, we examine the distribution of the Mach number and energetics of shocks associated with synthetic radio relics in simulated merging clusters. In this poster, we will present the preliminary results and the implications.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.353-360
• /
• 2010

Huang di's Four Classics introduces the first full-scale Yin-Yang theory. The ancient idea of Yin-Yang could be classified systematically throughout Huang di's Four Classics and make itself the cause of creation, movement, and variation. The Tao of essence and Reason-Law(理法) is a single 'One'(一) and completes the reality of Tao adopting Yin-Yang as an elementary. The elementary of Yin-Yang has rules and laws and then the Tao manifest itself through Yin-Yang. The features of Yin-Yang theory in Huang di's Four Classics are placed on the explanation of the structure of the universe embodied as class and system. The class and system are the structured worlds in the space based on the upper and lower sides Yin-Yang idea(上下陰陽觀). It means the system by Yin-Yang theory, corresponding to the flat structure of the Sky and the Earth mentioned in Gaitian theory, one of the ancient theory of the universe structure. By adopting Huang di's Four Classics' Tian-zhi Yin-Yang theory(天地陰陽論) and developing the class system in human bodies, The Hwangjenegyeng appreciates human bodies as a whole. In addition, by applying Four seasons Yin-Yang theory not only to human bodies but also to the space of Liu-he(六合) and the time of Four Seasons(四時), it developed Yin-Yang theory of Huang di's Four Classics more abundantly and embodied Yin-Yang theory in many fields including physiology, pathology, diagnostics, and prescriptions.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
• /
• v.27 no.12
• /
• pp.9-14
• /
• 2010

Using an IR (infrared) optical system of observation and research were performed long before. Nowadays satellites equipped with IR optical system observe the earth and universe. In this paper, we developed the IR optical system for main payload of the STSAT-3 (Science and Technology Satellite -3). We studied the ultra precision machining technique to fabricate FPL-53 lenses which is the IR optical material for space observation camera of the STSAT-3. DOE (Design of Experiment) was used to find best machining characteristic for FPL-53. Finally we fabricated FPL-53 aspheric lens with the form accuracy of P-V $0.36\;{\mu}m$.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
• /
• v.19 no.2 s.33
• /
• pp.74-95
• /
• 2006

${\ulcorner}$Hwangje-Naegyeong${\lrcorner}$ recorded The Twenty Eight Constellations(二十八宿), the polaris, the Seven stars(北斗七星) and the Five stars(五星) and it accepted the astronomy of that time. The Twenty Eight Constellations assinged seven stars in the four cardinal points according to the ecliptic and became the criterion obsevering the way of the sun and the moon. ${\ulcorner}$Hwangje-Naegyeong${\lrcorner}$ explained that The Twenty Eight Constellations bring about the change of weather and role as criterion about the Universe Gate-Earth Door(天門-地戶). The Five Elementary attachment of the Twenty Eight Constellations is based on the direction of the earth in spring. The direction of the Twenty Eight Constellations changes from the viewpoint of celestial body in other seasons. ${\ulcorner}$Gugungpalpung-pyeon(九宮八風篇)${\lrcorner}$ and ${\ulcorner}$Selo-pyeon(歲露論)${\lrcorner}$ explained that the azimuth of the polaris and the Seven stars are related to the change of weather. ${\ulcorner}$Gigyobyeondaelon(氣交變大論)${\lrcorner}$ said that we can predict the Taegwa(太過 or Bulgeub(不及) of O-un(五運) by the orbital tracks and magnitude of the Five stars. It means that the astronomical observation is correctly performed in that time. The learning of Un-Gi(運氣學) is the study on the reciprocal action of heaven and earth. Besides the changeable disease during the 24 solar terms is related to climatic change produced by movements of heavenly bodies. For this reason, I think that the understanding of astronomical background will help to research The learning of Un-Gi.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
• /
• v.50 no.3
• /
• pp.61-70
• /
• 2017

We study the angular correlation function of bright ($K_s{\leq}19.5$) Extremely Red Objects (EROs) selected in the Subaru GTO 2$deg^2$ field. By applying the color selection criteria of $R-K_s$ > 5.0, 5.5, and 6.0, we identify 9055, 4270, and 1777 EROs, respectively. The number density is consistent with similar studies on the optical - NIR color selected red galaxies. The angular correlation functions are derived for EROs with different limiting magnitude and different $R-K_s$ color cut. When we assume that the angular correlation function $w({\theta})$ follows a form of a power-law (i.e., $w({\theta})=A{\theta}^{-{\delta}}$), the value of the amplitude A was larger for brighter EROs compared to the fainter EROs. The result suggests that the brighter, thus more massive high-redshift galaxies, are clustered more strongly compared to the less massive galaxies. Assuming that EROs have redshift distribution centered at ~ 1.1 with ${\sigma}_z=0.15$, the spatial correlation length $r_0$ of the EROs estimated from the observed angular correlation function ranges ${\sim}6-10h^{-1}Mpc$. A comparison with the clustering of dark matter halos in numerical simulation suggests that the EROs are located in most massive dark matter halos and could be progenitors of $L_{\ast}$ elliptical galaxies.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
• /
• v.39 no.2
• /
• pp.73.1-73.1
• /
• 2014

We investigate the influence of the galactic magnetic field (GMF) on the arrival direction (AD) of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) by searching the correlation with the large-scale structure (LSS) of the universe. The deflection angle of UHECRs from sources by the GMF is reflected in a source model by introducing the Gaussian smearing angle as a free parameter. Assuming the deflections by the GMF are mainly dependent on the galactic latitude, b, we divide the regions of sky by b and analyze the correlation between the AD of UHECRs and the LSS of the universe in each region varying the smearing angle. We find the deflection is strongly dependent on the galactic latitude by the maximum likelihood estimation. Specifically, the best-fit smearing angles are $9^{\circ}$ and $84^{\circ}$ in the high galactic latitude (HGL), $-90^{\circ}$ < b < $-60^{\circ}$, and in the low galactic latitude (LGL), $-30^{\circ}$ < b < $30^{\circ}$, respectively. The strength of GMF becomes stronger from the HGL to the LGL. From the results, we can estimate the strength of GMF in each region. In the LGL, for example, if we assume UHECRs are protons, we have the order of $100{\mu}G$ GMF, which is much stronger than the expected value of conventional GMF model. However, if the primaries are heavy nuclei, which is consistent with the observational result of mass composition analysis, the order of GMF strength is a few ${\mu}G$. More data from the future experiments make it possible to study the GMF between the source of UHECRs and Earth more accurately.