• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.456-464
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• 1998

For the standardization and quality improvement of traditional Korean Nuruk, 10 strains of fungi, which were isolated from Nuruks and showed good productivity of the saccharogenic and dextrinogenic enzymes, acid and flavor, were selected and their enzymological characteristics and identification were carried out. Aspergillus spp. and Rhizopus sp. showed a high liquefying activity without regard to cultivation time, whereas the majority of strains except for Rhizopus sp. had decreasing saccharifying activity in proportion to the increase in cultivation time. Aspergillus spp. No.17-2, No.17-6 and Rhizopus sp. No.18-1 showed high liquefying and saccharifying activity after 15 and 30 day cultivation. The optimum temperature of most of these saccharogenic and dextrinogenic enzymes was from 40$^{\circ}C$ to 60$^{\circ}C$, and their optimum pH was extensive between pH 3 and pH 11. But Penicillium spp.(2 strains) and Rhizopus sp. showed low activity under the alkalic and acidic conditions. Among these isolated strains, 5 strains which had shown the high productivity of materials were identified as Aspergillus oryzae NR3-6 and Aspergillus oryzae NR17-6, Aspergillus penicilloides NR12-1, Penicillium expansum NR7-7 and Rhizopus oryzee NRl8-1, respectively. Five kinds of mixed culture were carried out and all of them showed a better productivity of saccharogenic and dextrinogenic enzymes than single culture. These results indicate that it is possible to make traditional Korean liquors of good quality by using these fungi.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.27-36
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• 2009

Introduction : Occupational therapists commonly use clinical observation to assess neuromuscular function witch is a fundamental component of sensory integration function. Clinical Observation of Motor and Postural Skills (COMPS) is a standardized assessment with seven items and used to screen if a child's problem is due to neuromuscular and sensory integration system. However, developmental standard of the test need to be validated with Korean children. Objective : This study is purposed to propose developmental standard of the COMPS for Korean children. Method : Seven to nine years old students (76 male and 70 female) participated in this study. In order to find out any difference by gender and age, the data was analyzed using t-test and ANOVA. Results : There is no significant difference by gender for all other items except Prone Extension Position (PEP). There is significant difference between children who are 7 years old and those who are 9 years old for Slow Motion(SM), Finger-Nose Touching (FNT), Asymmetrical Tonic Neck Reflex (ATNR), Supine Flexion(SF). There is also significant difference between those who are 8 years old and 9 years old for SM, FNT, ATNR. However, there is no significant difference between those who are 7 years and 8 years old. Conclusions : This study examines any difference in neuromuscular characteristics by age among school-aged children, based on the COMPS. The result of this study will provide a good evidence to establish developmental standard of COMPS for Korean children. It issuggested to continue further standardization work of the COMPS in order to establish a developmental standard for Korean children.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.13-28
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• 2016

This study performed quantitative analysis of isoflavone glycoside contents on Buseoktae, Daewon, Wooram beans and cheonggukjang made of Buseoktae beans from the LC/MS/MS. Also, the experiment carried out by means of RSM(response surface methodology), which included 10 experimental points for the two independent variables addition(40, 55, 70 g) and time(2, 3, 4 min) from the beginning point to boil of cheonggukjang. These were optimized using a Face-centered central composite design. Daidzein contents were $212.16{\mu}g/mL$ in Buseoktae, $212.21{\mu}g/mL$ in daewon, $158.54{\mu}g/mL$ in wooram beans. Genistein contents were $318.84{\mu}g/mL$ in Buseoktae, $310.50{\mu}g/mL$ in daewon, $262.71{\mu}g/mL$ in wooram beans. Total isoflavone contents were $532.50{\mu}g/mL$ in Buseoktae, $524.19{\mu}g/mL$ in Daewon, $422.71{\mu}g/mL$ in Wooram beans. Isoflavone contents of Buseoktae and Daewon were quite similar, relatively contents of Wooram beans were low. Total isoflavone contents of Buseoktae cheonggukjang (for business use) was $430.10{\mu}g/mL$ in A ($32^{\circ}C$, 96 h fermentation), $460.09{\mu}g/mL$ in B ($36{\sim}40^{\circ}C$, 30 h fermentation), $417.46{\mu}g/mL$ in C cheonggukjang($36{\sim}38^{\circ}C$, 72 h fermentation), B cheonggukjang was just a bit more than A, C cheonggukjang. The estimated response surfaces confirmed that the amount and time had significant effects on taste. The optimum condition of Buseoktae cheonggukjang taste was predicted to be 55.20 g addition at 2.92 min.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.283-292
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• 2007

In several treatment modalities for snoring and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), oral appliances mainly including mandibular advancement appliance (MAA) and tongue retaining device (TRD) are recognized as a non-invasive, reversible alternative with favorable results. Tongue bulb is a major component of TRD which prevents the tongue from approaching the posterior wall of the pharynx and can be combined with MAA. Determination of tongue bulb size for the patient is important for therapeutic effect, but frequently needs time-consuming work. For effective fabrication and standardization of tongue bulbs, this study aimed to categorize tongue bulb size for healthy young men and to examine its relation with maximum retention force and with physical parameters including tongue-related variables. 36 non-snoring, asymptomatic young men with normal occlusion were voluntarily participated in this study (mean age: $24.47{\pm}2.58$ years). Experimental procedures consisted of prefabrication of tongue bulb set (20 types with a width of 27-36mm and thickness of 8 and 10 mm), determination of tongue bulb size and the maximum retention force for each subject, and measurement of physical parameters including body mass index (BMI), neck circumference and width, thickness and length of tongue. This study showed that there was significant difference of retention force among the bulb size-related groups both in upright and supine position (p<0.05) and that retention force increased with bulb size. Correlation of tongue bulb size with physical parameters was not clearly verified and there was no significant difference in retention force between upright and supine positions. Based on our results, it can be suggested that retention force relates with tongue bulb size, ultimately with tongue volume. A further study needs to be performed in the patients with snoring and OSA.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.45-55
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• 2005

As people prefer to use right or left hand, some have preferred chewing side while others do not. Totally, 82 volunteers composed of students and staffs from Dental Hospital College of Dentistry Yonsei University participated in this study for the investigation of influence of preferred chewing habit, that has lasted for more than a year, on electromyographic(EMG) activity of masticatory muscles and bite force. Among the 82 volunteers, 46 had preferred chewing habit while the other 36 did not. Prior to the investigation, those with factors that could affect the study, such as, general disease, irregular dentition and malocclusion, were screened and excluded by questionnaire and clinical examination. The results were as follows: 1. There was no significant difference in EMG activities between chewing side and non-chewing side of preferred chewing subjects at rest as well as maximal voluntary contraction(MCV)(p>0.05). 2. Asymmetrical coefficient of temporal and masseter muscle EMG activities between preferred chewing subjects and non-preferred chewing subjects at rest was not significantly different(p>0.05). 3. Asymmetrical coefficient of masseter EMG activity was significantly higher(p<0.05) than that of non-preferred chewing subjects at MCV, whereas that of anterior temporal muscle showed no difference(p<0.05). 4. In preferred chewing subjects, there was no significant difference in average bite force and occlusal contact area between chewing side and non-chewing side(p>0.05). 5. There was no significant difference in Asymmetrical coefficients of average bite force and occlusal contact area between preferred chewing subjects and non-preferred chewing subjects (p>0.05). Consequently, preferred chewing habit can be considered as physiological asymmetry with normal function rather than to have influence on EMG muscle activity of masticatory muscles, average bite force and occlusal contact area. Objective standardization to differentiate preferred chewing subjects and non-preferred chewing subjects should be established in the further study.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2004.05b
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• pp.217-220
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• 2004

According as utilization for web increases rapidly, it is demanded that model about support interaction between web-based applications systematically and solutions can integrate new distributed platforms and existing environment effectively, accordingly, Web Services appeared by solution in reply. These days, a lot of software and hardware companies try to adoption of Web Services to their market, attenpt to construct their applications associationing components from various Web Services providers. However, to execute Web Services completely. it must have interoperability and need the standardization work that avoid thing which is subject to platform, application as well as service and programming language from other companies. WS-I (Web Services Interoperability organization) have established Basic Profile 1.0 based on XML, UDDI, WSDL and SOAP for web services interoperability and developed usage scenario Profile to apply Web Services in practice. In this paper, to verify suitability Web Services interoperability between heterogeneous two applications, have design and implements the Book Information Web Services that based on the Web Services Client of J2SE platform and the Web Services Server of .NET platform, so that analysis and verify the service by adaptation of WS-I Basic Profile.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.551-560
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• 2023

This study was performed to investigate antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of perilla(Perilla frutescens L.) seed, flower and leaf according to extraction condition. Perilla seed extracts(PSE), perilla flower extracts(PFE), perilla leaf extracts(PLE) was extracted by stirring extraction (STE, 25℃), shaking extraction (SHE, 80℃), and sonication assisted extraction(SAE, 25℃) with 94% ethanol, 60% ethanol and distilled water, followed by analysis of total polyphenol and flavonoid and testing radical scavenging activities. The highest total polyphenol content (5.47, 9.36, 38.58 mg gallic acid equivalent/g), total flavonoid content(5.77, 8.62, 46.44 mg catechin equivalent/g), ABTS(10.68, 19.46, 63.56 mg trolox equivalent/g) and DPPH(6.51, 7.69, 79.73 mg trolox equivalent/g) radical scavenging activity of PSE, PFE and PLE was observed in the HWE with 60% ethanol,. Among the three extraction method, SHE provided the best results for yield, polyphenol, flavonoid content of perilla seed, flower, leaf in comparison to STE or SAE. SHE with 60% ethanol of perilla seed, flower, leaf more effectively inhibited secretion of nitric oxide(NO) and pro-inflammatory cytokine in RAW 264.7 macrophage exposed to LPS compared to other extraction solvent and method. Therefore, these extracts obtained from perilla seed, flower, leaf could be used antioxidant and anti-inflammatory ingredients in the food industry.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.257-264
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• 2015

To determine whether metabolite fingerprinting for whole cell extracts based on Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy can be used to discriminate and compare metabolic equivalence, standard medicinal parts from four medicinal plants (Cynanchum wilfordii Hemsley, Atractylodes japonica Koidz, Polygonum multiflorum Thunberg and Astragalus membranaceus Bunge) and their in vitro-produced adventitious roots were analyzed by FT-IR spectroscopy. The principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) from the FT-IR spectral data showed that the whole metabolic pattern from Cynanchum wilfordii was highly similar to Astragalus membranaceus. However, Atractylodes japonica and Polygonum multiflorum showed significantly different metabolic patterns. Furthermore, adventitious roots from Cynanchum wilfordii and Astragalus membranaceus also showed similar metabolic patterns compared to their standard medicinal parts. These results clearly show that mass proliferation of adventitious roots may be applied to aquire novel supply of standard medicinal parts from medicinal plants. However, the whole metabolic pattern from adventitious roots of Atractylodes japonica and Polygonum multiflorum were not similar to their standard medicinal parts. Furthermore, FT-IR spectroscopy combined with multivariate analyses established in this study may be applied as an alternative tool to discriminate the whole metabolic equivalence from several standard medicinal parts. Thus, we suggest that these metabolic discrimination systems may be applied for metabolic standardization of herbal medicinal resources.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.424-429
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• 2010

Prunus mume is rich in organic acid, and excels in antioxidant activity. However, development of processed foods using Prunus mume is very limited, and characteristics of its products are different according to the region they are processed in. In this study, we collected 13 kinds of sugar-preserved Prunus mume home-made products in Hadong, and investigated their physical and manufacturing characteristics to select a superior product. 5 kinds of sugar-preserved Prunus mume products were selected according to results of sensory evaluation, and the overall acceptability of product No.13 was superior. Moisture contents of the 5 samples ranged from 45.2~53.3%, and pH and acidity showed similar values at about 2.8 and 0.4%, respectively. Sugar content of product No.13 were slightly lower than other products. Crude protein and lipid contents were similar at about 0.4 and 0.5%, respectively. Hardness value of product No.13, selected by its texture in sensory evaluation, was higher than others. The main components of organic acids were oxalic, malic, citric and fumaric acid, and citric acid content occupied more than 60% of total organic acid content. Also, the main components of free sugar were glucose and fructose.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.250-256
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• 2018

To determine whether metabolite fingerprinting for whole cell extracts based on Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) can be used to discriminate and compare metabolic equivalence, standard medicinal parts of Cynanchum wilfordii (Maxim.) Hemsl. and their adventitious roots were subjected to FT-IR. The principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) from FT-IR spectral data showed that whole metabolic pattern from the adventitious root of Cynanchum wilfordii was highly similar to its standard medicinal parts. These results clearly showed that mass proliferation of adventitious roots could be applied for the novel supply of standard medicinal parts of medicinal plants. Furthermore, FT-IR spectroscopy combined with multivariate analysis established in this study could be applied as an alternative tool for discriminating of whole metabolic equivalence from standard medicinal parts. Thus, it is proposed that these metabolic discrimination systems from the adventitious root of Cynanchum wilfordii could be applied for metabolic standardization of in vitro grown Cynanchum wilfordii.