• The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.73-86
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• 2000

Abstracts and papers written in Korean presented in the 26th meeting of the Korea Quaternary Association held at Kongju University in November, 1999 are reviewed with an attention to such as writing well in Korean. Paragraphs and sentences of manuscripts are dotted with words and expressions of foreign languages such as Japanese, Chinese, English, and very long sentences. Undesirable expressions include also contradictory meanings, difficult expressions using Chinese characters, and incorrect sentences and wordings, and etc. Some recommendations for good manuscripts written in Korean are suggested. They include reading of science books for general readers and drilling for writing good manuscripts in Korean. Writing manuscripts in ample time, discussions with colleagues, and open-minded mentality of authors to accept critics are included in the drilling for writing good manuscripts. Editorial board should also check the manuscripts before printing.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.139-146
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• 1994

MDABM and MDAEW, as a accelerating weight loss agents, were prepared by adding water to myristyldimethylbenzylammonium bromide(MDAB) and myristyldimethylethylammonium ethyl sulfate (MDAE) synthesized. As a result of weight loss finishing of the MDABW and MDAEW with NaOH on PET fiber, the ratio of weight loss of MDABW was very larger than that of MDAEW. This result showed that quaternary ammonium bromide had higher weight loss effect than quaternary ammonium sulfate, and the ratio of weight loss was greatly varied with the kind of quaternary ammonium salts used. In these conditions, proper treatment concentration, treatment time, and treatment bath ratio were about 8g/l, $6O{\sim}90min$, and $40:1{\sim}50:1$, respectively.

• 전자공학회논문지 IE
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.14-20
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• 2007

This paper presents quaternary D flip-flop with advanced performance. Quaternary D flip-flop is composed of the components such as thermometer code output circuit, EX-OR gate, bias inverter, transmission gate and binary D flip-flop circuit. The designed circuit is simulated by HSPICE in $0.35{\mu}m$ one-poly six-metal CMOS process parameters with a single +3.3V supply voltage. In the simulations, sampling frequencies is measured around 100MHz. The PDP parameters and FOM we estimated to be 59.3fJ, 33.7 respectively.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.351-363
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• 2012

Although the Korean peninsula has been considered as a largely aseismic region compared with the surrounding high seismic areas such as North China and Japan, there are more than thirty Quaternary faults reported so far, which are mostly centered in the southeastern peninsula. Structural studies of active faults exposed in Yangnam-myeon of Gyeongju, SE Korea are largely interpreted to post date the late Quaternary, suggesting that the NE-trending reverse faults may result from the active stress regime in the peninsula. The prevailing present-day E-W $S_{Hmax}$ orientations in the peninsula are consistent with the nature of plate forcing stemming from the convergence between the Indo-Australian and Eurasian plates. It is clear that the Quaternary faults have been reactivated, although resolving more elaborate time intervals responsible for a future rupture remains a significant challenge. This study contributes to better assess many of potential seismic hazards in the study area, in particular, in terms of seismic stability for foundation of nuclear power plant.

• The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research
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• v.18 no.2 s.23
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• pp.33-42
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• 2004

In South Korea a Pedo-sedimentary Sequence(PS) indicating the Last Glacial Maximun(LGM) is typified y a brown to dark brown, relatively stiff paleosol layers formed by repetitive freezing and thawing processes which in turn left characteristi glossic textures in soil-solum, polygolnal structures with a flagipans, vertical soil wedges or freezing cracks, and horizontal foliations, As a pre-LGM sedimentary sequences (older than 25Ka), the Old Fluvial Sequence(OFS) overlain by the Slope Sedimentary Sequence(SS) are distributed commonly at the base level higher than 14-15m above present river-bed along the major river basin. After the LGM (ca. 18Ka), the Young Fluvial Sequence(YFS) appears at an altitude ascending order of sedimentary profiles. In this fluvial organic muds of Jangheungri site(Jinju), Sorori site(Cheonwon), and Youngsan estruarine rivermouth(Mokpo) were exemplified in order to interpret their formation ages and environments. As result of $^{14}C$ datings, the formation ages of te organic muds are Boelling to Alleroed (MIS-1). These organic muds were fomed in fluvial backswamp or local pond/bog in response to shifting fluvial system. On the basis of palynological production dominant with Abies/Picea-Betula and Ranunculaceae, Compositae, Cyperaceae, and Graminae, it was interpreted that more boreal to subboreal condition was prevailed rather than temperate like today during the formation of organic muds and soil moisture condition was a repetition of wet and dry condition.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.9 no.1 s.16
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• pp.1-6
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• 2005

This paper proposes a high performance multiplier using CMOS multiple-valued logic circuits. The multiplier based on the Modified Baugh-Wooley algorithm is designed with current-mode CMOS quaternary logic circuits. The multiplier is functionally partitioned into the following major sections: partial product generator block(binary-quaternary logic conversion block), current-mode quaternary logic full-adder block, and quaternary-binary logic conversion block. The proposed multiplier has 4.5ns of propagation delay and 6.1mW of power consumption. This multiplier can easily adapted to the binary system by the encoder and the decoder. This circuit is designed with 0.35um standard CMOS process at 3.3V supply voltage and 5uA unit current. The validity and effectiveness are verified through the HSPICE simulation.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.632-637
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• 2010

Liquid-liquid equilibrium data for the quaternary system water +tetrahydrofuran + butyl acetate + isoamyl alcohol mixture were measured at 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure. Binodal curves, tie-lines, distribution, and selectivity for the quaternary system have been determined in order to investigate the effect of using binary solvents, butyl acetate and isoamyl alcohol, on extracting tetrahydrofuran from aqueous solution. In addition, these experimental tie-line data were also compared with the values predicted by the UNIFAC model. For the quaternary system, an average root-mean-square deviation for the system in 75/25, 50/50, and 25/75 mass ratios as mixed solvents are(3.35, 5.21 and 5.65) %, respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.25-38
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• 1997

한국서남해안에 위치한 해남만의 조수 퇴적층(체)에 관한 층서 설정이 제4기후기 (late Quaternary)의 시간범위로 가능하였다. 즉 현재의 해남만에 분포하고 있는 조간대층은 지난 중기와 후기 현세(middle to late Holocene)동안에 형성된 퇴적지층단위(depositional sequence unit)이며 이 지층단위는 선현세(late Pleistocene)조간대 퇴적지층단위 disconformity 의 부정합 관계로 피복하고 있다 본연구에서는 전자를 Unit I(8-10m 내외의 두께)이라 칭하고 후자를 Unit II(10m 내외의 두께)라고 구분 명명하였다, 그런데 Unit II는 암상(lithofacies)의 특징에 근거하여 상부(upper part)와 하부(lower part)로 나누어진다. 상 부는 약 3-4m 의 두께를 가지고 있으며 황갈색을 분명히 나타내며 게 구멍 화석과 동토구 조(cryogenic structure)그리고 매우 높은 값의 전단응력을 나타낸다, 그러나 하부는 회색을 띄며 낮은 전단응력 값을 나타내 상부와 뚜렷이 구분된다 이러한 Unit II의 상부가 나타내 는 암상적 특징은 지난 간빙하기(Eemian interglacial time)에 형성된 오늘과 같은 조간대층 이 18,000년 전후의 최대 빙하기(last glacial maximum : LGM) 동안의 지배하에 노출되었 고 오랜동안 토양형성 과정이 풍화작용을 받은 증거를 나타내고 있다, 따라서 이지층의 층 서학적 단위 설정과 부정합 (disconformity) 적인 경계의미는 우리나라 제4기 층서(late Quaternary stratigraphy)를 규정하는데 매우 중요하다고 제안하는 바이다.

• The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research
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• v.33 no.1_2
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• pp.49-58
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• 2021

In the Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project phase 4 (PMIP4), various experiments for quaternary climatic change are being carried out along with the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6). With the CMIP6 preindustrial climate experiment (piControl), the equilibrium climate simulations of 6 ka Holocene experiment (midHolocene), 21 ka Last Glacial Maximum experiment (lgm), and 127 ka Last Interglacial experiment (lig127k) experiment, and transient climate simulations of 850-1849 Common Era Last Millennium experiment (past1000), 21-9 ka last deglaciation, and 140-127 ka penultimate deglaciation experiment have been carried out under PMIP4 protocols by several modeling groups. In this technical note, important physical parameters and boundary conditions of these Tier 1 experiments and a list of additional Tier 2 and 3 experiments are summarized.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.255-260
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• 2007

A new method for the simultaneous determination of low molecular weight amines and quaternary ammonium ions based on the separation by IC with a suppressor and the detection by MS with ESI has been developed. The method has been applied to the analysis of a mixture containing tetramethylammonium ion, tetraethylammonium ion, tetrapropylammonium ion, triethanolamine, trimethylamine and triethylamine. The constituents were separated by isocratic elution using an IonPac CS17 column, a cation-exchange column, and detected by conductivity and mass spectrometry. The newly developed method for the six components demonstrated that the repeatability in terms of relative standard deviation for three measurements was in the range of 0.1-0.5 %. The detection limits were between 0.2 and $0.9{\mu}g/mL$ by the IC/ESI-MS.