• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.1399-1408
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• 2012

The light source is an important visual component that empirically affects the color and illumination of graphic objects, and it is necessary to precisely store and appropriately employ the information of all light sources in the real world in order to obtain photo-realistic composition results. The information of real light sources can be accurately stored in HDR environment maps; however, it is impossible to create new environment maps corresponding to dynamic virtual light sources from a single HDR environment map captured under a fixed lighting situation. In this paper, we present a technique to dynamically generate well-matched information for arbitrarily selected virtual light sources using HDR environment maps created under predefined lighting position and orientation. Using the information obtained from light intensity and distribution analysis, our technique automatically generates HDR environment maps for virtual light sources via image interpolation. By applying the interpolated environment maps to an image-based lighting technique, we show that virtual light can create photo-realistically rendered images for graphic models.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.6-13
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• 2015

With the spread of various kinds of cameras such as digital cameras and DSLR and a growing interest in high-definition and high-resolution images, a method that synthesizes multiple images is being studied among various methods. High Dynamic Range (HDR) images store light exposure with even wider range of number than normal digital images. Therefore, it can store the intensity of light inherent in specific scenes expressed by light sources in real life quite accurately. This study suggests feature points synthesis algorithm to improve the performance of HDR panorama recognition method (algorithm) at recognition and coordination level through classifying the feature points for image recognition using more than one multi frames.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.193-196
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• 2005

The value of all goods and services produced in the economy divided by population has risen from $7.355 in 1998 to $12.646 in 2003. In other to maintain higher standard of lifestyle, people are 'hungry' for time. The idea of saving time and money by providing many different types of products altogether in one space was implemented with the advent of large warehouse style discount stores. These type of retailers grew in size and popularity during the 1990s and 2000s, causing a decline in sales in the old, traditional downtown markets. From ancient to twenty-first century, the role of the grocery store has been that of the social center of the community; a place of unity and interaction of people. The experience a customer engages in at a grocery store is comparable to that of a museum. Not only is the grocery store a unique, physical space to visit, but also a rich collection of fascination items. The layout of the interior space is meticulously planned for the efficiency of customer circulation and the success of product exhibition. Eye catching graphics and attractive lighting also add to the appeal of the grocery store's high style. Shoppers are no longer satisfied with just buying good products at a lower price. Shoppers prefer to spend time in an entertaining environment. The Hanaro Mart project in this study propose the idea of warehouse style discount stores which can satisfy all the demands of customers and their various activities. This study will open up unique dimensions of aesthetic expression and experience in the interior environments. Shopping for food is an unavoidable task. If food shopping is enjoyable, more people will spend more time at it.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.9 no.12
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• pp.45-53
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• 2018

Purpose - The purpose of the study was to investigate operation system of current convenience store and competing retail store and to find out development of unattended convenience store. Operators can save labor cost and solve labor seeking when opening shop under suitable environment and commerce area, and assure of employee's safety. Customers are allowed to select commodity comfortably without disclosure of face and to shorten standby time at simple store opening, buying and paying and to produce convenient living environment by financing, delivery and goods control. This study examined effect and problems of operation of existing and unattended convenience store from point of view of visual merchandising to find out model of unattended convenience store and to strengthen competitiveness of convenience store business. Research design, data, and methodology - Research procedure of accomplishment of goal of the study was: The study investigated state of distribution business, and role and definition of VMD. First, VMD played an important role of promotion and competitiveness of unattended convenience stores. Second, the author investigated research and cases of unattended convenience stores 14 months, that is to say, from August 15, 2017 to October 15, 2018. Third, the author investigated on-the-spot three of common convenience stores, three of unattended convenience stores and three of retailers one month, that is to say, June 1, 2018 to July 1, 2018. The subject was convenience stores and retailers selling similar type of products at Seoul and metropolitan area. Results - Layout, selling place, brand identity, goods assortment, authentication system, product information cognition and control, buying and payment system, security system, salesmen, promotion and other services should be improved from point of view of merchandising. Structure, furniture, lighting, voice, façade, VP, PP, IP and POP should be developed. Conclusions - Unattended convenience stores saved operating cost and lessened labor and gave visitors convenience and comfortable shopping and made use of resources effectively. Further studies with quantitative analysis shall find out strategic conditions for promotion of unattended convenience stores.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.1589-1594
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• 2013

V.M.D(Visual Merchandising Design) covers every space, environment, and visually stimulating factor. This includes not only the architectural appearance but interior, graphic sign boards, window display, layout, store appliances, lighting, and even the looks and service attitude that sales employees have and show to customers. V.M.D aims to display merchandise in multiple ways; to heighten brand images; to steadily lure many customers to the store. One of the characteristics that V.M.D has is, that this abandons the previous design concept which solely puts stress on luxurious interior-focused display; that this displays merchandise in a rational and systemic way and induces customers to buy products. In this regard, the objective of this study is to study brand perception and effect of V.M.D displayed in the stores, on customers, and thereby to present the concepts of V.M.D, suitable for display in the stores, which can be used continuously in the future.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.17-26
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• 2012

Suncheon is a city comprising a rural and urban area, where there are four types of large stores. Studies have shown that there are too many large stores serving the local population of just 300,000. However, geographically, Suncheon is located at a transportation hub that borders the cities of Gwangyang and Yeosu as well as the local counties of Boseong and Gurae. Residents of these areas can reach these shopping stores within an hour's drive. Thus, the managers of these four stores regard residents in these areas as their valued customers and endeavor to create a differentiated image among them. In this study, 13 different images were used to determine the public's opinions and feelings towards these stores and the differences were analyzed. The store images measured overall store impression, diversity of the product, the quality of products displayed at the store, accessibility, the atmosphere, service to the customers, and so on. These images are evaluated subjectively by each customer and are major factors in them deciding to revisit the stores. The 13 images are classified into five main categories and further classified into 13 sub-categories. Three kinds of factor images were extracted from the store images in the five main categories by factor analysis using SPSS Ver. 19. The first factor image was extracted from the images of convenience, atmosphere, and service in the main categories and is called a sub-service factor for the store in this study. Accessibility to the store was classified as a convenience image in the main category and was extracted as a common factor along with diversity and the price of goods. These differences are expected according to the store location, that is, the difference between stores located in a large city and those in a small local city, and depending on the nature of survey respondents. The result shows that there is a significant difference between the stores' images with regard to accessibility, the price of products, brand image, and lighting/sound image. This study has the following limitations. First, the survey sample was restricted to residents of a small local city that includes rural and urban populations. The differences between the store images regarding traffic and accessibility are factored by store location, whether they are located within a large or a small city as well as the economic situation of these cities. Second, only the customers of large-scale stores were included in the survey as respondents. Relatively large traditional markets are held every five days in local cities and there is competition between large-scale stores and traditional markets with regard to diversity and the price of goods. It could be expected that customers in large-scale stores and customers in traditional markets would hold different store images. In future studies, images of stores in large cities should be compared with the images of stores located in small local cities. In addition, customer behavior when buying goods in large-scale stores should be compared with their behavior when buying goods in traditional markets.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.15
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• pp.62-68
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• 1998

Children develop in direct relation and response to their physical environment, The purposes of this study were to investigate the current interior design conditions of classrooms in kindergarten and to provide interior planning guidelines for children's behavioral and developmental improvement and better educational environment. Data were collected through interview and questionnaire survey. The sample included 239 teachers who were employed in 23 kindergartens located in Pusan. The data were analyzed by using SPSS-PC. The major findings were as follows; (1) Wood and wallpapers which provide various colors and patterns are recommendable as a classroom finish rather than paint which looks monotonous. (2) Teachers preferred 7 or 8 activity centers in classroom and furniture or partition is the best when dividing space. (3) Classroom should be large enough to locate various types of furniture that designed based on child-size and objects to store. (4) Activity centers should be lit by different types of task lighting such as floor lamp and backer to provide sufficient level of light.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.3-12
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• 2015

Recently, the spatial design of resting spaces in department stores has been changed. The design elements such as colors, materials, lighting, natural elements, furniture arrangement, and VMD are not only providing a pleasant and natural indoor atmosphere in resting spaces but also providing various services to customers. In this study, it aims to analyze how the spatial design characteristics of resting spaces in department stores are appeared. The results are as follows. First, the spatial characteristics of the resting spaces in department sores came up as five factors; accessibility, recognition, comfort, convenience, and esthetics. As the result, the accessibility is the most important factor in resting spaces. Second, the resting spaces was well located near by the elevators and escalators providing easy accessibility to customers to floor. Third, the resting spaces need to improve the spatial design for emphasizing the recognitions by using colors, materials and lighting. Fourth, the resting spaces were provided different atmosphere by their location. Fifth, the various forms of furniture, curved, zigzagged, and cubed, were placed in the resting spaces for comport use. Sixth, the aesthetic was the least important factor of all. To improve this problem, the resting spaces need to provide cultural contents by installing art pieces, moving picture facilities, and VMD. Seven, most of the resting spaces had similar floor plan type that they did not perform their role successfully. The resting spaces need to provide both individual rooms and unique open spaces for giving a choice to use when customers visit them.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Architectural Sustainable Environment and Building Systems
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.669-679
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• 2018

Energy consumption savings in buildings should be reviewed in diverse areas such as air conditioning system and lighting responsible for cooling and heating, and energy management systems such as BAS (Building Automation System) and BEMS (Building Energy Management System) are introduced to improve energy consumption efficiency and to promote economic control of related facilities by integrated management of energy generated and consumption in buildings. The measured building of this study uses regenerative geothermal system. Measured values of heat pump and system COP were 4.7 and 4.2 respectively, and they were found to be higher 11.9% and 23.5% than rated values. As a result of analyzing the air conditioning and lighting energy from the first floor to the fourth floor performing the air conditioning, the second and third floors, which have a high frequency of use, are compared with the first and fourth floors 50% higher energy consumption ratio. On the other hand, the general heat storage system uses the nighttime power of the previous day to store heat and use it the next day. The total number of days of abnormal operation during the summer season is 61 days. The electricity cost corresponding to the abnormal operation is 1,840,641 KRW, and the normal operation using the nighttime power is 1,363,561 KRW, which is difference of 477,080 KRW, 35% increase in cost. We will utilize it as the main data of BEMS through analysis of winter operation characteristics as well as summer operation characteristics.

• Journal of Internet of Things and Convergence
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.1-7
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• 2021

Recently, technological differentiation(sensor, AI) of products using IoT technology to satisfy consumer needs in the mature market for smart home appliances has received a lot of positive responses. However, air conditioner products are in the early stages of convergence technology. Therefore, air conditioner products are fields that require ICT technologies for information production, collection, processing, storage, and service development beyond IoT. In this paper, we collect and store contactless bio-signal using IR-UWB radar technology. The blowing direction of the air conditioning is controlled according to bio-signal and user's sleep is monitored to provide an optimal sleep environment. In addition, we propose a service algorithm that can provide comfort with changes in the optimal conditions of air conditioning and emotional lighting depending on the discomfort index environment. Through this study, we developed an intelligent smart air conditioning service platform with ICT technology of bio-signal, discomfort index, and emotional lighting.