• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.94-101
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• 2006

Objectives : A variety of symptoms are typically reported during anxiety period, several of which are clearly linked to the autonomic nervous system(ANS), such as palpitations, chest pain and shortness of breath. Using spectral analysis of heart rate, several studies have shown that patients with anxiety disorder are characterized by a reduced heart rate variability(HRV), indicative of abnormalities in ANS fuction. To further evaluate the effect of anxiety and medication on autonomic function, 30 patients and 30 matched control subjects were assessed. Methods : Using spectral analysis of heart rate, which consisted of standardised measurements of HRV, we compared ANS between 30 patients with DSM-IV diagnosed anxiety disorder and 30 healthy controls, and investigated the autonomic effects of SSRI treatment. Five-minute HRV recordings were obtained before and after SSRI treatment and were analysed. Results : Five-minute HRV recordings in anxiety disorder patients revealed that a significant reduction in HRV was shown compared to controls. There was no significant changes in HRV between before and after SSRI treatment. Conclusion: Anxiety disorder patients showed a significant reduction in HRV compared to controls. SSRIs do not affect HRV influenced by ANS function. Further study is needed to confirm these things. Patients with anxiety disorder may suffer from functional disturbances in the interaction between the sympathetic and parasympathetic autonomic tree.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.332-341
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• 1995

Background: Measurement of bronchodilator response is necessary to establish reversibility of airflow obstruction that was helpful to estimate the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis in obstructive airway disease. An useful index should be able to detect the bronchodilator response more sensitively not related with degree of airflow obstruction and also be independent of initial $FEV_1$. Method: Sensitivities of bronchodilator response in each group classified by degree of airflow obstruction in $FEV_1$, FVC, $FEF_{25\sim75%}$, Isovolume $FEF_{25\sim75%}$, sGaw were studied and correlation coefficients were calculated between initial $FEV_1$ and reversibilities expressed as absolute, %initial, % predicted, %possible in $FEV_1$. Result: Sensitivities of bronchodilator response were 61.5% in FVC, Isovolume $FEF_{25\sim75%}$ and sGaw, in severe group, and 56.3% in Isovolume $FEF_{25\sim75%}$ and sGaw, in moderate group, and 62.5% in $FEV_1$ and sGaw and 50.0% in FVC and Isovolume $FEF_{25\sim75%}$, in mild group, and 60.0% in sGaw and 58.0% in Isovolume $FEF_{25\sim75%}$ in total patients. Correlation coefficients between initial $FEV_1$(L) and absolute, % initial, % predicted, % possible were 0.15, -0.22(p<0.05), 0.02, 0.24(p<0.05) and correlation coefficients between initial $FEV_1$(% predicted) and absolute, % initial, % predicted, %possible were 0.06, -0.28(p<0.05), 0.08, 0.39(p<0.05). Conclusion: Volume related parameters were more sensitive index not related with degree of airway obstruction and the change in $FEV_1$ expressed as % predicted was the least dependent on initial $FEV_1$ and reversibilities, expressed as % initial or as % possible(predicted minus initial $FEV_1$)were correlated with initial $FEV_1$.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.30 no.10
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• pp.973-978
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• 1997

We reviewed data of 64 patients who underwent reoperation because of prosthetic valve malfunction from January 1991 to December 1995. The indications for reoperation were prosthetic valve failure(primary tissue failure: 53 patients, 82.8%), prosthetic valve thrombosis(6 patients, 9.4%), paravalvular leak(3 patients, 4.7%), prosthetic valve endocarditis(2 patients, 3.6%). Prosthetic valve failure developed most frequently in mitral portion(40 patients, 75%), prosthetic valve thrombosis also in mitral portion(4 patients, 67%), paravalvular leak significantly in aortic portio (3 patients, 100%). Explant period was longest in prosthetic valve failure(mean 107.4 $\pm$ 24.6 months), shortest in prosthetic valve endocarditis with prosthetic valve thrombosis(1 patient, 1 month). Mean explant period, defined as from first valve replacement operation to redo-valve replacement operatopn, was 109.2$\pm$ 10.7 months in mitral portion, 97.8$\pm$ 10.4 months in aortic portion, 109.5$\pm$ 10.4 months in total. Overall hospital mortality was 9.38%. The most common cause of death was the low cardiac output(4 patients), other causes were bleeding(1 patient), CNS injury(1 patient). Preoperative NYHA class IV(P=0.011), emergency operation(P=0.011), prosthetic valve endocarditis(P=0.001) were the independent risk factors, but age, sex, explant period, ACC time, double valve replacement, valve position, second reoperation did not appear to be significant risk factors. Mean follow up period was 28.8 $\pm$ 17.8 months. Actuarial survival at 3 year was 92.0$\pm$6.2%, 2 year event-free survival w s 84.3$\pm$6.1%. We propose that patients undergoing reoperation because of prosthetic valve failure are carfully controlled and selected in regarding to above mentioned risk factors NYHA class IV, emergency operation, prosthetic valve endocarditis in preoperative state. About other risk factors possible, there is necessary of following study.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.240-245
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• 2005

Response surface methodology was used to investigate clarification characteristics (turbidity, brown color, soluble solid, total sugar and reducing sugar) of enzyme in pomegranate extract. Enzyme was treated at 16 conditions including independent variables of temperature ($35{\sim}55^{\circ}C$), time ($30{\sim}70\;min$) and concentration ($0.02{\sim}0.10%$) based on central composition design. Turbidity was decreased with increase of enzyme concentration, and the minimum value of turbidity was 0.04 (OD) when 0.08% enzyme was treated at $37.99^{\circ}C$ for 60.90 min. Total sugar was affected by all treatment conditions and the maximum value was 8.37% when 0.03% enzyme was treated at $39.28^{\circ}C$ for 42.04 min. Reducing sugar and soluble solid were largely affected by enzyme concentration, and the maximum value of reducing sugar was 7.22% when 0.02% enzyme was treated at $42.96^{\circ}C$ for 46.21 min. The maximum value of soluble solid was 8.13% when 0.02% enzyme was treated at $46.91^{\circ}C$ for 42.13 min.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.42-48
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• 1985

This study was carried out to obtain the basic data for epdemiological survey of hypertension in old population (60 years or more). From May, 1983 to April, 1984, 365 males and 335 females who inhabit in Ko-Chang Gun, Chonbuk Province were investigated for several factors as their socio-econmic status and laboratory examinations with blood pressure, and which factors were analysed by simple correlation and multiple regression analysis. The results are summarized as follows; 1) Sample size of this study is equivalent to 5.2%(male;6.7%, female;4.3%) of population in 60 years or more age group, and the mean age of samples is 70.6${\pm}$5.3 (yr.) in males and 71.4${\pm}$5.3 (yr.) in female (P>0.05). 2) Mean blood pressure of males are 135.9${\pm}$21.3mm Hg in systolic and 85.3${\pm}$13.4mm Hg in diastolic phase and in female, 131.0${\pm}$23.6 mm Hg and 84.1${\pm}$19.9 mm Hg (P < 0.01). Their prevalence rates of hypertension (${\geq}$ 140 mm Hg in systolic, ${\geq}$ 95 mm Hg in diastolic phases) are 33.7% in males, 40.6% in females (P < 0.01). 3) Serum cholesterol levels and other independent variables are revealed in normal ranges, and except to Vervaeck index (89.4${\pm}$5.6 in males, 87.5${\pm}$6.7 in females, p<0.01), other are not significant sexual differences (P>0.05). 4) In the simple correlation analysis, the main factors that affect to blood pressure are serum cholesterol levels (P < 0.05) and Vervaeck index (P < 0.01) in males, age (P <0.05) and Vervaeck index (P <0.01) in females. 5) In multiple regression analysis, prediction equations for blood pressure are calculated as follows; Ysm=-64.55+0.161(X1)+0.124(X2)-0.047(X3)+1.953(X4) Ydm=18.61-0.125(X1)+0.060(X2)+0.032(X3)+0.720(X4) Ysf=-0.22+0.536(X1)+0.134(X2)+0.068(X3+0.788(X4) Yaf=-14.46+0.685(X1)+0.033(X2)+0.176(X3)+0.362(X4) Ysm : Systolic blood pressure in male, Ydm : Diastolic blood pressure in male, Ysf : Systolic blood pressure in female, Ydf : Diastolic blood pressure in female. X1 : Age(year), X2 : Serum cholesterol level (mg%), X3 : Fastin blood sugar (mg% ), X4 : Vervaeck index.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.10 no.E
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• pp.332-342
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• 1994

Hierarchical cluster and factor analyses were used to identify various influences on free tropospheric air samples at Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii during MLOPEX. The cluster analysis separated thirteen chemical and meteorological variables into three characteristic groups (1)clean air, (2)anthropogenically influenced air, (3)marine and volcanic influenced air. The cluster analysis results compared well with those of factor analysis. Six independent components were identified in factor analysis. We have related these components to (1)volcano influenced air, (2)stratosphere-like air, (3)boundary-layer air with recent anthropogenic influence, (4)photochemical haze, (5)marine boundary- layer air, and (6)modified marine tropospheric air. Excluding local influence, we could calculate the nighttime free tropospheric values for $O_3$(41$\pm$10 ppbv), HN $O_3$(94$\pm$45 pptv), N $O_3$$^{[-10]}$ (16$\pm$10 ppbv), S $O_4$$^{[-10]}$ (60$\pm$0 pptv), N $H_4$$^{＋}$(71$\pm$6 pptv), N $a^{＋}$(5$\pm$1 pptv), PAN(13$\pm$9 pptv), MeN $O_3$(3.5$\pm$1.5 pptv), 2-butyl N $O_3$(0.6$\pm$0.1 pptv), $H_2O$$_2$(1015$\pm$44 pptv), $C_2$C $l_4$(3.3$\pm$0.1 pptv), condensation nuclei(249$\pm$13c $m^{-3}$), and dew point(-8.5$\pm$5.3$^{\circ}C$) during this experiment..

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.669-676
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• 1993

Background: DNA content analysis of human solid tumor is now widely performed by flow cytometric study. One of the most interesting and potentially important observation in this field is that proliferative activity(S-Phase fraction of cell cycle) may profoundly affect prognosis. Method: S-Phase fraction(SPF) have been measured by flow cytometric method using tumor cells isolated from paraffin embedded tissue. To evaluate the prognostic significance, SPF of squamous lung cancer cell was assessed in 21 patients who died without any specific treatment. Results: 1) Mean survival time of squamous lung cancer patients was 225(${\pm}162$) days. Survival time were shortened, when TNM stage and PS scale were advanced. 2) Mean value of SPF of squamous lung cancer patients was 23.4(${\pm}11.3$)%. SPF had nothing to do with advance of TNM stage and PS scale. 3) Mean survival time of high SPF group(more than 20% of cell proliferation cycle) and low SPF group were 153(${\pm}99$) days and 342(${\pm}180$) days(p<0.01). In each identical TNM stage and PS scale, there were also statistic significant differences in mean survival time between high and low SPF group. Conclusion: On multivariate analysis including TNM stage and performance status, SPF was the significant and independent prognostic factor in the primary squamous lung cancer patients group.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.101-109
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• 2010

This experiment was designated to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with various concentrations of oriental herbal natural extract, Galla Rhois (GR), on growth performance and meat quality on broiler chickens. A total of 80 two-day-old broiler chicks were randomly designated to four groups, GR 0% diet (control), GR 0.10%, 0.25%, and 0.50%-treated diet, composed 20 chicks and fed a standard diet supplemented with GR and monitored the growth performance every 5 days during 30 days. Body weight gain (BWG) in all treated groups was increased compared to control group during overall period, showing significant (P<0.05) increase in GR 0.25% and 0.50% independent on concentration, though all group represented a similar level of feed intake (FI) and feed conversion rate (FCR). In analysis of the crude proteins and fatty acid composition in leg and breast meats in control, GR 0.10% and GR 0.50%, there was no significant difference for crude proteins and fatty acid composition in leg meats among 3 groups. Whereas the crude proteins and fatty acid composition in breast meat in GR 0.50% showed significantly higher than those of control (P<0.05). Furthermore, the composition of a-linoleic acid (C18:3n-3) and conjugated linoleic acid, which are known as anticancer and antioxidative fatty acids, are higher than those of control. These results demonstrate that Galla Rhois appears to improve growth performance, feed efficiency and meat quality on broiler chickens, focusing on potential use as a dietary supplement.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.549-555
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• 2007

Purpose : Pulse wave velocity (PWV) and ankle brachial index (ABI) are simple, non-invasive methods to assess arterial stiffness. These parameters are also known to be closely related to cardiovascular risk factors and diseases. The purposes of this study were to measure blood pressure, PWV, ABI in healthy Korean adolescents, set up their normal values and assess their correlations. Methods : Three hundred ninety two healthy adolescents (213 boys and 179 girls) underwent measurement of brachial ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), ABI, body mass index(BMI) and blood pressure from four extremities. Linear regression analysis was performed to reveal the correlations between PWV, ABI and independent variables. Results : Blood pressure and PWV were significantly higher in all extremities in males compared to females. Blood pressure of both brachial and ankle showed positive correlation with body weight, height, and BMI, whereas ABI showed no correlation with any of these indices. Conclusion : Blood pressure increases as body weight, height and BMI increases. PWV shows positive correlation with blood pressure. It will be helpful to predict the risks of cardiovascular diseases in adolescents.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.93-107
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• 2015

This study aimed to compare the eating habit, preferences, intake frequency, nutrition knowledge, and self efficacy of vegetables between middle and high school students in Busan. Subjects were 550 middle school and 560 high school students. The survey was conducted by questionnaire in May 2015. The results are as follows. About 68% of adolescents in Busan have eaten a variety of vegetables from a child. Less than 50% of them ate all vegetable dishes in school foodservice and ate three kinds of vegetable dishes at home. 40% of them did not like vegetables independent of gender and schools. They have low preferences for vegetables. More than 2/3 of them have rarely eaten green vegetables a month or twice. They have eaten more frequently white than green vegetables. They have eaten frequently yellow vegetables, but seldom purple or black vegetables. Middle school students have eaten more vegetables than high school students. Adolescents in Busan have low nutrition knowledge about vegetables. Middle school students have higher self efficacy of vegetables than high school students. Conclusively, adolescents in Busan have undesirable eating habit, low preference, and low nutrition knowledge of vegetables. Middle school students have more desirable eating habit, higher preference, more frequent intake, and higher self efficacy of vegetables than high school students. Therefore differentiated education is needed by middle and high school. It is needed urgently, especially vegetables targeted education for high school students.