• Architectural research
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.9-18
• /
• 2009

This research started from the premise that East Asia - China, Korea and Japan - played a remarkable role in the development of modern architecture. In this study, attention is paid to the lack of a synthetic research about the influence of East Asia on European modernism as a counterpart to its influence on American modernism. Thus, the intention of this paper is to construct an integrated discourse on the East Asian contribution to European modern architecture. By analyzing recently published/presented articles on the related subjects, this study suggests how European modernists encountered the East, what attracted them to the East, and how they applied East Asian aesthetics in their designs. While a number of architects adopted East Asian formal elements directly, at times superficially, others extracted the underlying principles. As a whole, this analysis offers insights at several levels. First, it provides a balance to the view of the East Asian influence on modern architecture by providing an investigation into its influence on European modernism as a counterpart to its influence on American modernism. Second, the multi-faceted nature of modern architecture is further illuminated in this study. Third, an important example of "positive-Orientalism" is provided, which contrasts with the rather negative image implied by E. Said's 'Orientalism'. In conclusion, this paper provides a critical assessment of the fundamental motive of European modernists' adoption of East Asian aesthetics.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
• /
• v.33 no.4
• /
• pp.27-48
• /
• 2011

This paper investigates the extent of global and regional integration in East Asia using stock price index as a measure of economic performance. We employ a structural VAR model to separate the underlying shocks into "global", "regional" and "country-specific" shocks. The estimation results show that country-specific shocks still play a dominant role in East Asia although their role appears to have declined over time, especially after the 1997 financial crisis. Global and regional shocks are responsible for small but increasing shares of stock price fluctuations in all countries. The results indicate that the stock markets in East Asia remain dissimilar and are subject to asymmetric shocks in comparison to European countries.

• Mycobiology
• /
• v.47 no.4
• /
• pp.401-407
• /
• 2019

Two new species of the lichen genus Placolecis are discovered in China, namely P. kunmingensis An. C. Yin & Li S. Wang and P. sublaevis An. C. Yin & Li S. Wang. The new combination P. loekoesiana (S.Y. Kondr., Farkas, J.J. Woo & Hur) An. C. Yin is proposed. Placolecis kunmingensis is characterized by having simple, spherical or ellipsoid, hyaline spores, and pear-shaped pycnidia; while P. sublaevis can be distinguished by its thallus forming larger aggregations with slightly flattened lobes at the thallus margin, and urn-shaped pycnidia. Descriptions, a phylogenetic tree and a key are provided for all the known Placolecis species in China.

• East Asian Economic Review
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.37-65
• /
• 2016

This research intends to investigate the progress made in East Asian bond market integration thus far. Price-based measures (AAD indicator and beta-convergence measure), quantity-based measures and econometric techniques (co-integration test, error correction model based Granger causality test) are employed in the analysis. Even though East Asian government bond markets have become more integrated since 2001, the differentials among the markets still remain significantly high. The bond market integration process seems slow. The convergence of bond markets sped up in 2003 and after the 2008 world financial crisis, implying the important role of government policies in integrating the regional bond markets. East Asian bond market integration may need more government-directed measures.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
• /
• v.37 no.4
• /
• pp.363-386
• /
• 2007

Endemic element of the Russian Far East (RFE) flora includes 497 species of 150 genera and 46 families. The level of endemism in structure of regional natural flora reaches 11.1% as a whole, and in structure of its native fraction - 13.1%. As a result of chorologic and ecocenotic analysis of RFE flora endemic element it is revealed that it consists of 8 main geographical groups and 7 main floristic complexes. The largest number of endemic species is concentrated in Arctic - Alpine & Montane (140, 28.2%), Forest (107, 21.5%) and Maritime (88, 17.7%) floristic complexes as well as in Russian Far East - West-Pacific (136, 27.4%), Japan Sea (88, 17.7%) and North-East-Asian - Beringian (69, 13.9%) geographical groups. It's possible to distinguish three main areas with similar eco-geographical differentiation of endemics on RFE as follows: (1) North-East Asia sector of RFE which North-East-Asian - Beringian and Maritime Okhotia - Beringian geographical groups approximately correspond to, (2) Continental part of East Asia sector of RFE (West - Okhotian, Amur - Okhotian, Amur - Ussirian, Okhotsk Sea and Japan Sea groups) and (3) Oceanic part of East Asia sector (Russian Far East - West Pacific group). Taxonomical variety of RFE endemics on these territories makes up accordingly (1) - 99 species (19.9%), (2) - 259 (52.8%) and (3) - 136 (27.4%).

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
• /
• v.38 no.2
• /
• pp.325-328
• /
• 2005

I report here about the future direction of cooperation of astronomy in East Asia region, which has been a long-years subject of the EAMA since 1990. During this EAMA-6 we had many positive discussions and remarkable progress toward the promotion of our cooperation. We also had an 'East Asian Observatory' WG meeting yesterday with many attendants, and actively discussed this important subject in some detail. The following report is to summarize the fruitful products we had in the EAMA-6 discussions and in past EAMA activities, and to propose a direction and some action items toward the bright future of astronomy in East Asia.

• Journal of Distribution Science
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.113-131
• /
• 2005

This study aims to look into how we Korean ports can improve NODE competitiveness among northern-east region of Asia, and to examine a conceptual as well as practical methodology approach to be applied in terms of cluster. Also many other researches have done to take out the conclusion, which is environmental aspects as economic and logistical one in terms of northern-east region of Asia, basic concept with NODE, and matters concerning seaport from the viewpoint of hub-spoke, etc. Then finally it is suggested that we Korea has to concentrate on seaport, which is equipped with logistics cluster provide into value added logistics, in order to keep and gain the NODE competitiveness in northern-east region of Asia.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 2005.07a
• /
• pp.417-419
• /
• 2005

This paper presents the effects and the regional power distribution of an increase or a decrease of a power reserve by load flow calculations under seasonal load patterns of each country for the future power shortages faced by the metropolitan areas or by the southeastern area of the South Korea in North-East Asia. In these connections, the types of a power transmission for interconnection consist of the 765kV HVAC and the HVDC. In this paper, the various cases of the power system interconnections in Far-East Asia are presented, and the resulting interconnected power systems are simulated by means of a power flow analysis performed with the PSS/E 28 version tool. The power flow map is drawn from data simulated and the comparative study is done. In this future, a power flow analysis will be considered to reflect the effects of seasonal power exchanges And the plan of assumed scenarios will be considered with maximum or minimum power exchanges during summer or winter in North-East Asia countries.

• Korea and Global Affairs
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.137-162
• /
• 2018

This paper covers the issues including geopolitical effects of sea power on sea space in East Asia and its nature in a perspective of the past and the present. This paper analyzes the significance of Sea Power which is emphasized in Mahan's Theory of Insular Dominance and grasps the geopolitical nature of Sea Power. Along with this awareness, it deals with the problem of designated strategic phenomenon that is spreading to the Pacific Ocean with the concept of the Island Chain in China in the 21st century. Around the turn of 20th century, Japan materialized the policy of Greater East Asia Co-prosperity Sphere which was planned to expand power sphere in sea space in the East Asia based on sea power and China took shape of the concept of Island Chain in the 21st century, which has divided sea space in East Asia. Under the circumstance that China's policy of island chain faced the resistance from countries in the East Asia as well as the USA, the question about whether Korea's policy of depending on sea power is valuable even in the 21st century has been raised.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences
• /
• v.54 no.4
• /
• pp.545-561
• /
• 2018

Over the North East Asia, extreme anomalous precipitation were observed in 2013 and 2014. During 2013 summer the precipitation was found to be higher (two standard deviation) than the climatological mean of the region; whereas during 2014, which was a borderline El Ni?o year, precipitation was found to be lower (one standard deviation). To understand the differences of these two anomalous years the Global/Regional Integrated Model system (GRIMs) has been used. The study found that low landsurface temperature and high sea-surface temperature over ocean caused a smaller land-sea contrast of surface temperature between East Asia and North West Pacific Ocean in 2014, which could have caused an eastward shift of mean monsoon circulation in that year compared to the circulation in 2013. Due to a change in the lower level circulation and wind field over East Asia the evaporation and moisture transport patterns became very different in those two years. In 2013, this study found high latent heat flux over Eastern China, which implies an increased surface evaporation over that region, and the moisture transported to the north by the mean monsoon circulation; whereas, there was no correlated transport of moisture to the North East Asia during 2014. The precipitable water over North East Asia has a stronger correlation with the latent heat flux over southern land region than that from Ocean region in the eastern side in both the years. A new approach is proposed to estimate the sub-grid scale hydrometeors from GRIMs, overestimated in the existing model.