• 대한수의학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.211-218
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• 2001

병원성 내장리슈만편모충(Leishmania donovani)에서 추출한 GP63 또는 LPG 항원을 liposome으로 캡슐화하고 보강제로서 BCG를 조합하여 DBA-2N 마우스에 면역접종을 한 후, 내장리슈만편모충의 병원성 amastigote를 접종하여 이들 물질의 방어면역 효과를 관찰하였다. 그 결과 GP63 과 LPG, 그리고 BCG를 모두 첨가하여 접종한 마우스의 간 조직에서 유의성 있는 내장리슈만편모충의 감소가 관찰되었으나 감소율은 27.4%에 불과하였다. 실험적 피부리슈만편모충증에 대하여 성공적인 방어면역성을 나타낸 GP63이 내장리슈만편모충 감염에 대하여 방어면역성을 상실한 원인을 분석하기 위한 실험에서 C3H 마우스에 GP63-GST 단백질과 BCG를 혼합하여 면역접종하고 내장리슈만편모충의 병원성 amastigote로 접종한 후, 혈청 내 특이항체와 비장세포에서의 감마인터페론 및 IL-5의 생산을 관찰하였다. 그 결과 GP63-GST와 BCG를 혼합하여 면역 접종한 마우스의 간 조직에서도 유의성 있는 amastigote의 감소는 관찰되지 않았다. 한편 이들 마우스의 비장세포에서는 BCG 만을 접종한 군에 비해 10배 이상의 감마인터페론과 3배의 IL-5가 생산되었다. 이와 같은 사실은 GP63-GST 단백질과 BCG를 혼합하여 접종한 마우스에서 Th1 및 Th2 타입 면역반응이 모두 활성화되었음을 시사하며, Th1 뿐만 아니라 Th2 타입 면역 반응도 함께 활성화된 것이 실험적 내장리슈만편모충 감염에 대한 방어면역에 실패한 원인 중의 하나일 것으로 사료되었다.

• 치과방사선
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.483-499
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• 1995

Mandibular first molars of the rats were undertaken to observe the radiosensitivity of amelogenesis. Twenty four Sprague-Dawley rats received 396cGy radiation with the MK Cell irradiator using Cs-137, and twenty four rats served as control. They were devided into two groups; Group 1 which received radiation at the 14th day after gestation and group 2 which received radiation at the 19th day after gestation. Light Microscopy and Transmitted Electron Microscopy investigation was undertaken in the group 1 at the 15th, 18th, 20th, 22nd(2 days after birth), and 25th day(5 days after birth) after gestation, and in the group 2 at the 21th(birth day), 22nd(2 days after birth), and 25th(5 days after birth) day after gestation. The following histopathologic findings were obtained. 1. Compared with control group, experimental group showed a delayed formation of enamel and dentin due to slow rate of differentiation of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells. 2. In the experimental groups, the arrangement of the inner enamel epithelium was irregular and there were many vacuoles in the cytoplasm. There were dilated rER and mitochondria, increase of the intercellular space, and loss of the cellular polarity. 3. In the group 1, early enamel without Tomes' process, and early organic matrix was observed at the 25th day after gestation. 4. In the group 2, histopathologic changes were similar to those of the group 1, but the degree of changes was more severe than that of the group 1.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.79-88
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• 2009

Objectives : It has been recently shown that Piperis Longi Fructus (PLF) is involved in the reduction of eosinophil recruitment and production of Th2 cytokines in vivo. However, the main therapeutic mechanisms of PLF remains a matter of considerable debate. To investigate the therapeutic mechanisms of PLF, we examined the influence of PLF on regulatory T cells number, IgE, histamine production in vivo and Th1/Th2 cytokine balance in vitro. Methods : All mice were immunized on two different days (21 days and 7 days before inhalational exposure) by i.p. injections of 0.2 $m\ell$ alum-precipitated Ag containing 100 ${\mu}g$ of OVA bound to 4 mg of aluminum hydroxide in PBS. Seven days after the second sensitization, mice were exposed to aerosolized ovalbumin for 30 min/day on 3 days/week for 12 weeks(at a flow rate of 250 L/min, 2.5％ ovalbumin in normal saline) and PLF (150 mg/kg) were orally administered 3 times a week for 8 weeks. Splenocytes from C57BL/6 mice at 8 weeks of age were stimulated with anti-CD3 (1 mg/ml) plus anti-CD28 (1 mg/ml) antibody for 48hrs. IL-4 and IFN-$\gamma$ in the culture supernatants were measured by ELISA Results : The suppressive effects of PLF on asthma model were demonstrated by the increase the number of regulatory T cells and by reducing IgE, histamine production in vivo and modulation of Th1/Th2 cytokine balance. Conclusions : These results indicate that PLF has a deep inhibitory effects on asthma model mice by increase the number of regulatory T cells, and by reducing IgE, histamine production.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.215-269
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• 2018

Orders and types of entire functions have been actively investigated by many authors. In this paper, we investigate some basic properties in connection with sum and product of relative (p, q, t) L-th order, relative (p, q, t) L-th type, and relative (p, q, t) L-th weak type of entire functions with respect to another entire function where $p,q{\in}{\mathbb{N}}$ and $t{\in}{\mathbb{N}}{\cup}\{-1,0\}$.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.541-564
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• 1992

The purpose of this experiment was to study the effect of implantation of the dense hydroxyapatite (HA) granules$(Apaceram^{(R)})$ in the fresh extraction sockets on the residual ridge resorption in normal and induced diabetic rabbits. Sixty-four white rabbits, weighing 3.0kg, were utilized in this study and they were divided into four group : group 1-sixteen normal rabbits without filling HA granules, group 2-sixteen normal rabbits with filling HA granules, group 3-sixteen diabetic rabbits without filling HA granules, group 4-sixteen diabetic rabbits with filling HA granules. HA granules were filled immediately after extraction in the extraction sockets of the mandibular left 1st, 2nd, and 3rd molar in group 2 and 4, and no HA granules were filled in group 1 and 3. The calculation of residual ridge resoption was done at 4th week, 8th week, 12th week, and 16th week after surgery, and histologic examination was performed to study healing process at 2nd week, 4th week, 8th week, and 16th week after surgery. The results were as follows : 1. The amount of residual ridge resorption was largest in group 3, and smallest in group 2 in every interval. There was no statistically significant difference between group 1 and 4. 2. In all groups, the amount of residual ridge resorption was high until 4th week after surgery, but the rate of residual ridge resolution slowly decreased after 4th week 3. There was more active healing process in group 1 and 2 than in group 2 and 4. 4. According to filling of HA granules, there was no difference in the amount of new bone formation, but direct contact could be observed between newly formed bone and HA granules in group 2 and 4. 5. Group 1 and 3 showed marked bone resorption and adipose marrow from 8th-16th week after surgery, but group 2 and 4 did not show maeked bone resolution, and showed fibrous tissue and a little adipose tissue among trabeculae from 8th week.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.47-58
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• 2006

Purpose: The study to pulsed ultrasound effects of diabetes mellitus fracture model in rat. Methods: We used 36 Sprague-Dawely rats which were divided into 3 groups; the animals were divided into group of 4 rats each 4th, 14th and 28th days. All animal was induced diabetes mellitus model to used streptozotocin with 45 mg/kg. Pulsed wave were divided into $50\;mW/cm^2$ and $100\;mW/cm^2$. Results: T-ALP value was significantly change from group II, III on 14th, 28th days (p<0.05). Especially T-ALP value to between groups was significantly change from group II on 14th days (p<0.05). Osteocalcin value was significantly change from group II on 28th days(p<0.05). At fracture site, osteoblast, osteoclast expression was observed from 4th days after treatment and it reached its maximum intensity at 28th days. At fracture site, $TGF-{\beta}_1$ expression was observed from 4th days after treatment and it reached maximum intensity at 14th days. Conclusion: According to this study, diabetes mellitus fracture model to the more effective is divided into $50m\;W/cm^2$ pulsed ultrasound.

• BMB Reports
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.623-628
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• 2002

The Th1 vs. Th2 balance is critical for the maintenance of immune homeostasis. Therefore, the genes that are selectively-regulated by the Th1 and Th2 cytokines are likely to play an important role in the Th1 and Th2 immune responses. In order to search for and identify the novel target genes that are differentially regulated by the Th1/Th2 cytokines, the human PBMC mRNAs differentially expressed upon the stimulation with IL-4 or IL-12, were screened by employing the differential display-polymerase chain reaction. Among a number of clones selected, DC21 was identified as a novel target gene that is regulated by IL-4 and IL-12. The DC21 gene expression was up-regulated either by IL-4 or IL-12, yet counter-regulated by co-treatment with IL-4 and IL-12. DC21 is a dendritic cell protein with an unknown function. The sequence analysis and conserved-domain search revealed that it has two AU-rich motifs in the 3'UTR, which is a target site for the regulation of mRNA stability by cytokines, and that it belongs to the N-acetyltransferase family. The induction of DC21 by IL-12 peaked around 8-12 h, and lasted until 24 h. LY294002 and SB203580 significantly suppressed the IL-12-induced DC21 gene expression, which implies that PI3K and p38/JNK are involved in the IL-12 signal transduction pathway that leads to the DC21 expression. Furthermore, tissue blot data indicated that DC21 is highly expressed in tissues with specialized-resident macrophages, such as the lung, liver, kidney, and placenta. Together, these data suggest a possible role for DC21 in the differentiation and maturation of dendritic cells regulated by IL-4 and IL-12.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.161-184
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• 1986

An experiment was made in order to analyze the growth characteristics and productivity of Zoysia japonica under control, mowing and TIBA treatment conditions at the experimental farm of Kyung Hee univ. from May 26 to Oct. 1 in 1985. The field was planned by the randomized block design method and each treatment was given to three plots (2${\times}$2, 4${\times}$4 and 10${\times}$10 cm) and was replicated three times. Each plot was 1$m^2$ for Zoysia japonica. The sampling of each plot was taken once a week after sowing. In order to know the dry matter of total standing crops, kept 9$0^{\circ}C$ and weighted each organ of the plants. Total leaf area of a plant was measured by drawing method. The author adopted the growth analysis of English School. The increasing rates of numbers of leaf and stem were remarkably high in each plot between 10th and 12th weak after sowing and it was highest in TIBA treated plot. The increasin rate of leaf area in each plot was remarkably high beween 10th and 12th week and the maximum value of leaf area was 274.00c$m^2$ in TIBA treated plot of 100 plants/$m^2$. The increasing rate of standing crop was remarkably high between 10th and 12th week and the high increasing tendency in TIBA plot resulted from TIBA. The positive correlationship was founded between standing crop and leaf area. The evaporation rather than temperature acted as a main factor of negative correlation with standing crop during the experiment period. Solar radiation had a high positive correlation in the lower density of plot. C/F ratio was low, during the growth period, from 10th to 12th week after sowing and was low in the higher density under each treated plot. T/R ratio was not constant during the sampling period but was high in the lower density. The increasing rates of RGR and NAR were high between 11th and 12th week after sowing. Leaf area ratio was high in higher density in each plot and not constant in all treated plot.

• 대한수학회논문집
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.1229-1243
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• 2019

The notion of $k^{th}$-order essentially slant weighted Toeplitz operator on the weighted Lebesgue space $L^2({\beta})$ is introduced and its algebraic properties are investigated. In addition, the compression of $k^{th}$-order essentially slant weighted Toeplitz operators on the weighted Hardy space $H^2({\beta})$ is also studied.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.117-128
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• 2017

고준위방사성폐기물 심지층 처분 대상 암종으로 고려되는 화강암에서 방사성핵종의 장기 거동 특성을 이해하기 위한 연구의 일환으로 KURT(KAERI Underground Research Tunnel) 화강암에 존재하는 U-Th 함유광물의 산출특성 및 존재형태 대한 연구를 수행하였다. KURT의 화강암은 주로 석영, 장석류와 운모류로 구성되며, 그 외에 저어콘 및 희토류원소를 함유하는 모나자이트, 바스트네사이트 등이 확인된다. 또한 견운모, 미사장석, 녹니석과 같은 이차광물과 함께 석영맥과 방해석맥 등이 관찰되는데 이는 후기 열수작용에 의한 영향으로 추정된다. U-Th 함유광물은 대부분 $30{\mu}m$ 이하로 석영 및 장석류, 운모류의 경계에서 확인된다. EPMA 정량분석 결과, U-Th 함유광물의 74.2 ~ 96.5%가 $UO_2$ (3.39 ~ 33.19 wt.%), $ThO_2$(41.61 ~ 50.24 wt.%), $SiO_2$ (15.43 ~ 18.60 wt.%) 등으로 구성된 것으로 확인된다. EPMA 분석결과를 이용한 화학구조식 계산결과, U-Th 함유광물은 규산염 광물로 토라이트(thorite), 우라노토라이트(uranothorite)인 것으로 판단된다. U-Th 함유 규산염 광물은 화강암과 페그마타이트 및 열수작용에 의해 형성된다. 따라서 마그마의 분화에 의해 형성된 KURT 화강암은 후기 열수에 의해 변질 및 교대작용이 수반되었을 것으로 판단된다. U-Th 함유 규산염 광물은 열수에 기인한 온도, 압력, pH 등의 변수들과 지화학적 요인에 의해 재결정 작용을 일으킨 것으로 추정된다. 또한 재결정 과정 동안 반복적인 용해/침전에 의해 우라늄과 토륨의 농집량 변화에 따라 토라이트, 우라노토라이트 광물들이 형성된 것으로 판단된다.