• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.115-124
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• 2009

Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae and 4 Vibrio spp, V. anguillarum, V. splendidus, V. harveyi and V. ordalii, were isolated from the diseased olive flounders, Paralichthys olivaceus. The pathogenicity of the isolates were compared to mortality, blood biochemical contents, such as alanineaminotransferase(ALT), aspatate aminotransferase(AST), and cortisol level, and non-specific immune responses, nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction of macrophages and lysozyme activities of serum. The mortalities and levels of ALT, AST and cortisol of fishes infected with P. damselae were higher than those of others but significantly low in non-specific immune responses, NBT and lysozyme activities. These results suggest that P. damsela might produce damselysin having high hemolytic and phospholipase activities, correlated with the pathogenicity. P. damsela could also make an obstruction of internal organs, following increasing in the level of ALT and AST, and depression in host immunity caused by induced high levels of cortisol.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.283-288
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• 2004

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) from tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) fruit was purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation, Sephadex G-100 and DEAE-cellulose column chromatographies. A 22 fold purification and an overall yield of 44% were achieved. The purified enzyme was a homodimer with Mr 37.1 kDa and subunit Mr 18.2 kDa as judged by SDS-PAGE. SOD showed $K_{m}$ values of 25 ${\times}$ 10$^{-6}$ M and 1.7 ${\times}$ 10$^{-6}$ M for nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) and riboflavin as substrates, respectively. The enzyme was thermostable upto 5$0^{\circ}C$ and exhibited pH optima of 7.8. The effect of metal ions and some other compounds on enzyme activity was studied. $Co^{2+}$ and $Mg^{2+}$ were found to enhance relative enzyme activities by 27 % and 73 %, respectively, while M $n^{2+}$ inhibited the SOD activity by 64%. However, $Ca^{2+}$ and C $u^{2+}$ had no effect on enzyme activity. Other compounds like $H_2O$$_2$ and Na $N_3$ inhibited enzymatic activities by 60% and 32%, respectively, while sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), chloroform plus ethanol and $\beta$-mercaptoethanol had no effect on the activity of SOD. of SOD.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.285-291
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• 2022

In order to use the liquid rocket fuel, 1,5-diamino-4-methyltetrazolium azide, [DMT]⁺[N₃]^- and 1,5-diamino-4-methyltetrazolium cyanide, [DMT]⁺[CN]^- were synthesized and prepared the ionic liquid rocket fuel after dissolving the synthesized solid-type energetic chemicals in hydrazine, respectively. The thermal decomposition temperatures(T_d) and densities(d) of the prepared ionic liquid rocket fuels were about 200 ℃ and above 1.0 g/cm³ respectively. The ignition delay times(I_dt) of the ionic liqud rock fuels with [DMT]⁺[N₃]^- and [DMT]⁺[CN]^- were in a range of 26.6 - 82.5 ms and the 44.0 - 98.5 ms, respectively. These results mean that the synthesized tetrazolium salts could be used as an ionic liquid rocket fuels. The viscosities of the ionic liqud rock fuels with [DMT]⁺[N₃]^- and [DMT]⁺[CN]^-, which were dissolved in mixture solution of hydrazine/2-hydroxyethylhydrazine were to be 1.34 - 101 cP, and 1.29 - 80.5 cP, respectively. The synthesized ionic liquid rocket fuels in this study could be used as rocket fuel because the [I_dt(100 ms or less), T_d(150 ℃ or more), d(1.00 g/cm³ or more), and η(40.0~ 100 cP)] were achieved to satisfy the range of the used liquid rocket fuels.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.101-107
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• 2000

Cannabidiol derivatives (1, 2 and 3), 5-fluorouracil (4, 5-FU) and adriamycin (5, AM) were tested for their growth inhibitory effects against human tumor cell lines using two different 3-{4,5-dimeth-ylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and sulforhodamine B protein (SRB) assay. The light microscopic study showed morphological changes of the treated cells. Disruptions in cell organelles were determined by colorimetric methods; MTT assay and STB assay. These results suggest that cannabidiol (1, CBD) retains the most growth-inhibitory activity against human tumor cell lines.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.29-40
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• 1990

Cytotoxic effects of cytosine arabinoside and vinblastine on cultured fibroblasts were determined by colorimetric assays of neutral red (NR) and tetrazolium MTT, and by mutagenicity tests . Cytosine arabinoside and vinblastine were highly toxic by showing that concentrations of NR-50 and MTT-50 of two drugs were lower than 100 ${\mu}$M. At mid-point cytotoxicityvalue of two drugs, frequencies of micronuclei and SCEs were very high and chromosome showed structural abnormalities. The sizes of micronuclei formed by vinblastine were larger than those induced by cytosine arabinoside. These results suggest that cytosine arabinoside and vinblastine have highy mutagenic and severe cytotoxic effects on the cultured mouse fibroblasts.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.124-129
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• 2008

Background: The immunomodulatory effects of Korean mistletoe (Viscum album Coloratum) on the innate immune responses of eel (Anguilla japonica) were studied. Methods: Mistletoe, Freund’s complete adjuvant (FCA), or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) as a control was injected into eel peritoneal cavities. Results: Nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT)-positive cells in the head kidney of eel were significantly augmented by the second day post-injection of mistletoe. Reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) were more produced in mistletoe-injected fish kidney leucocytes than in FCA-injected ones. The level of lysozyme activity in the serum of fish 2 days after injection with mistletoe was also significantly higher than that in the serum of the control fish. The optimal concentration of mistletoe in inducing the highest serum lysozyme activity was revealed to 500${\mu}$g/200 g of fish. In phagocytic activity assay, mistletoe-sensitized eel kidney phagocytes captured more zymosan than did the control fish. Conclusion: Korean mistletoe appeared to be a good activator of the non-specific immune responses of eel.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.119-129
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• 1992

Present study was carried out to investigate the cytotoxicity of cadmium, chromium and mercury on cultured rat fibroblasts. The colorimetric assays of neutral red (NR) and tetrazolium MTT, the measurement of total content of protein and electron microscopic studies were performed on the fibroblasts cultured in the media containing various concentrations of cadmium, chromium and mercury. The results are as follows' 1. In cadmium-treated group, the NR and MTT values were dose-dependent increase. The NR90, NR50, MTT90 and MTT50 values of cadmium were 0.2mM, 19.5mM 1.0mM and 60.0mM, respectively.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.33 no.7
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• pp.739-744
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to elucidate protective effect of Fructus Schsandrae(FS) water extract against xanthine oxidase/hypoxanthine(XO/HX)-induced cardiotoxicity in myocardial cells this experiment was performed. Cardiotoxicity of XO/HX was examined by MTT(MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2.5,-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay. XO/HX induced the decrease of cell viability. Also XO/HX induced the increase of LDH activity and the decrease of beating rate on cultured myocardial cells in a dose-dependent manner. To investigate cardioprotective effect of FS water extract cultures were preincubated with FS water extract for 3 hours. Cultures were then exposed to XO/HX for 72 hours. FS water extract have an efficacy in decreaasing LDH activity and increasing heart beating rate on cultured myocardial cells damaged by XO/HX. From the results it is suggested that XO/HX may show toxic effect in cultured myocardial cells derived from neonatal mouse and FS water extract is effective in the prevention of XO/HX-induced cardiotoxicity.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.98-109
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• 2004

Objectives : To evaluate the anti-tumor and synergic effect of Soonkiwhajungtang with doxorubicin. Methods : The inhibitory concentration (IC), $IC_{50}$ and $IC_{90}$ of single use of doxorubicin and Soonkiwhajungtang with their concomitant treatment against MKN-45 (human stomach carcinoma) cell line were observed using MTT (microculture tetrazolium test) assay. In addition, their anti-tumor effects were also observed in xenograft nude mice models against the MKN-45 cell line. Results : Soonkiwhajungtang has only minimal direct anti-tumor effect against MKN-45 cell line but it reduced general depressed signs induced by implantation of the tumor cell lines and increased the total WBC and lymphocyte numbers. Conclusions : It is considered or expected that Soonkiwhajungtang extract reduces the critical toxicity of doxorubicin and has favorable synergic anti-tumor effect when administered concomitantly with doxorubicin.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.9-21
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• 2004

Objectives : To evaluate the anti-tumor and synergic effect of Bojungikkeehapdaechilki-tang (BJDC) with doxorubicin. Methods : The inhibitory concentration (IC), $IC_{50}{\;}and{\;}IC_{90}$ of single use of doxorubicin and BIDC with their concomitant treatment against Colon-26 (murine rectum carcinoma) cell line were observed using MTT (microculture tetrazolium test) assay. In addition, their anti-tumor effects were also observed in xenograft nude mice models against Colon-26 cell line. Results : BJDC had only minimal direct anti-tumor effect against Colon-26 cell line but it reduced general depressed signs induced by implantation of the tumor cell lines and increased the total WBC and lymphocyte numbers. Conclusions : It is considered or expected that BJDC extract is reducing the critical toxicity of doxorubicin and has favorable synergic anti-tumor effect when administered conconitently with doxorubicin.