• 제목/요약/키워드: Testing Environments

검색결과 366건 처리시간 0.025초

Degradation mechanisms of concrete subjected to combined environmental and mechanical actions: a review and perspective

  • Ye, Hailong;Jin, Nanguo
    • Computers and Concrete
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    • 제23권2호
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    • pp.107-119
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    • 2019
  • In-service reinforced concrete structures are simultaneously subjected to a combination of multi-deterioration environmental actions and mechanical loads. The combination of two or more deteriorative actions in environments can potentially accelerate the degradation and aging of concrete materials and structures. This paper reviews the coupling and synergistic mechanisms among various deteriorative driving forces (e.g. chloride salts- and carbonation-induced reinforcement corrosion, cyclic freeze-thaw action, alkali-silica reaction, and sulfate attack). In addition, the effects of mechanical loads on detrimental environmental factors are discussed, focusing on the transport properties and damage evolution in concrete. Recommendations for advancing current testing methods and predictive modeling on assessing the long-term durability of concrete with consideration of the coupling effects are provided.

Current issues on Requirement Traceability Mechanism for Software Organization of the 4th Industrial Revolution

  • Kim, Janghwan;Kim, R. Young Chul
    • International journal of advanced smart convergence
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    • 제9권4호
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    • pp.167-172
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    • 2020
  • In the 4th industrial revolution, there are many projects for diverse software applications of smart city environments. Most of the stakeholders focus on considering software quality for their developed software. Nobody doesn't guarantee requirement satisfaction after complete development. At this time, we can only work on user acceptance testing for requirement satisfaction on frequently changing requirements. Why keeps the requirement traceability? This traceability is to identify risks related to requirements, to assure correct software development based on customer requirements. To solve this, we are researching how to implement requirement traceability across each artifact's relationship to each activity of a whole development lifecycle.

Effects of Corrosion Inhibitor on Corrosion of Al-based Alloys in Ethylene Glycol-Water Coolant Environment

  • Gwang-Soo Choi;Young-Man Kim;Chan-Jin Park
    • Corrosion Science and Technology
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    • 제22권5호
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    • pp.305-313
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    • 2023
  • The objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) as a corrosion inhibitor on the pitting corrosion behavior of aluminum alloys used in electric vehicle battery cooling systems within a mixture of ethylene glycol and water (EG-W) coolant. Potentiodynamic polarization testing revealed unstable passive film formation on the aluminum alloys in the absence of SDBS. However, the addition of SDBS resulted in a robust passive film, enhancing the pitting corrosion resistance across all examined alloys. Pitting corrosion was predominantly observed near intermetallic compounds in the presence of Cl? ions, which was attributed to galvanic interactions. Among tested alloys, A1040 demonstrated superior resistance due to its lower areal fraction of precipitates and donor density. The incorporation of SDBS inhibitors mitigated the overall pitting corrosion process by hindering Cl? ion penetration. These findings suggest that SDBS can significantly improve pitting corrosion resistance in aluminum alloys employed in battery coolant environments.

Designing an Outdoor Linear LED Luminaire with Gore-Tex Filters

  • Woo-young Kim;Seong-Kweon Kim
    • International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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    • 제16권2호
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    • pp.93-102
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    • 2024
  • We introduce a novel outdoor linear LED luminaire enhanced with Gore-Tex filters, designed to overcome the challenges of moisture and thermal management in harsh environments. This luminaire integrates expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE)-commercially known as Gore-Tex-achieving superior waterproofing and dustproof qualities while maintaining breathability to prevent internal condensation. The design process, from conceptualization through prototyping and testing, is detailed, highlighting the luminaire's improved durability and stability under varying conditions. Experimental results demonstrate that our design significantly extends the operational lifespan and reliability of outdoor LED lighting systems by mitigating thermal and moisture-related degradation. This study not only advances ePTFE's application in lighting technologies but also offers a scalable model for enhancing the performance of LED luminaires in outdoor settings.

Supply Chain Agility: Achieving Robustness and Logistics Performance

  • Young-Kyou HA;Changjoon LEE
    • 유통과학연구
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    • 제22권9호
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    • pp.65-72
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    • 2024
  • Purpose: This study aims to empirically analyze the influence of supply chain agility and flexibility on supply chain robustness and logistics performance, addressing a research gap in the context of dynamic business environments. Research design, data and methodology: The study examines causal relationships between supply chain agility, flexibility, robustness, and logistics performance among businesses in South Korea. Data were collected through a survey of 300 workers in supply chain-related departments. A structural equation model was employed for hypothesis testing. Results: The empirical analysis shows that supply chain agility and flexibility positively and significantly influence supply chain robustness, which in turn has a significant positive impact on logistics performance. Conclusions: This study contributes by providing empirical evidence on the importance of supply chain agility, flexibility, and robustness in enhancing logistics performance. The findings suggest prioritizing the development of these capabilities for competitive advantage. Further research on the interrelationships between various supply chain capabilities and their impact on performance outcomes is highlighted.

대한민국에서 운용될 전투기의 환경시험 테일러링 기법 연구 (Environmental Test Tailoring for Fighter Aircraft Intended for Operating in Korean Peninsula)

  • 박정민;이재원;명노신
    • 한국항공우주학회지
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    • 제47권5호
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    • pp.344-357
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    • 2019
  • 운용상 고장은 제조 시 아무런 문제가 나타나지 않더라도 발생할 수 있으며, 설계 절차에서 고려하지 못했던 환경적 스트레스가 원인일 수 있다. 따라서 환경시험은 이러한 고장의 원인을 판단하기 위해 필수적으로 수행되어야 한다. 또한 환경시험은 군수품이 운용 시 환경적 스트레스로부터 충분한 저항력을 가지고 있는지 판단하는데 사용된다. 본 연구에서는 MIL-STD-810G Change 1기반의 환경시험법과 시험수준을 대한민국에서 운용될 전투기 개발에 맞게 테일러링하여 적용한다. 전투기의 각기 다른 파트는 각각 다른 환경에 노출될 수 있으므로 노출되는 환경이 다른 구성품, 또는 LRUs (Line Replaceable Units) 별로 환경시험을 진행해야 한다. 본 연구에서는 비슷한 환경에 노출되는 LRU 수준에서 시험법 적용여부 및 시험수준의 테일러링 기법을 도출하였으며, 자연, 유도 환경을 나누어 기술하였다. 대한민국에서 운용하는 전투기를 가정하였으므로 한반도의 환경에 맞는 시험법과 시험 수준에 대한 테일러링이 필수적이다. 한 시험법 내에 있는 여러 가지 절차와 시험 수준에 대한 테일러링에 대한 추가적인 연구가 필요하다. 또한 여러 가지의 시험법을 수행할 때 시험순서가 결과에 영향을 미칠 수 있어 환경시험 설계에 있어 필수적인 요소가 되므로 시험순서 결정에 대한 연구도 필요하다.

능동센서 배열을 이용한 저온 반복하중 환경 항공기 날개 구조물의 손상 탐지 (Active-Sensing Based Damage Monitoring of Airplane Wings Under Low-Temperature and Continuous Loading Condition)

  • 전준영;정휘권;박규해;하재석;박찬익
    • 비파괴검사학회지
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    • 제36권5호
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    • pp.345-352
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    • 2016
  • 높은 고도에서 운행되는 항공기는 -$50^{\circ}C$이하의 극저온 피로환경에 노출된다. 이때 반복하중을 통해 발생되는 크랙과 같은 미세결함은 항공기 구조물의 물성변화를 야기하고 구조물 파단과 같은 심각한 구조적 결함을 야기한다. 따라서 효율적인 구조물의 유지보수 및 수명 예측을 위해 구조물의 지속적인 상태진단이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 실제 항공기 운행조건과 유사한 극저온 피로환경에서 항공기 날개의 구조 건전성 모니터링을 수행하였다. 초기 결함 탐지를 위해 사각배열 압전구동기 및 센서를 구조물 하단에 부착한 뒤, 유도초음파 기반 능동센싱 기법을 통해 손상에 의한 산란 및 반사파를 측정하였다. 이후 통계학적 모델 분석과 위상배열기법을 통해 손상 발생 시점을 파악 및 손상 위치 탐지를 실시하였다. 또한, 극저온 환경에서의 센서의 생존성 파악과 구조 건전성 모니터링 결과의 신뢰성 향상을 위해 센서자가진단을 실시하였다. 실험 결과, 제안된 기법을 통해 극한환경에서 운행되는 구조물의 초기 손상 탐지 및 손상 위치 탐지가 높은 정확도로 가능함을 확인하였다.

발아환경에 따른 켄터키 블루그래스의 종자 발아력, 발아세 및 발아피크 비교 (Comparison of Seed Germinating Vigor, Germination Speed and Germination Peak in Kentucky Bluegrass Cultivars under Different Germination Conditions)

  • 김경남
    • 한국환경복원기술학회지
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    • 제18권3호
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    • pp.23-38
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    • 2015
  • The study was initiated with Kentucky bluegrass (KB, Poa pratensis L.) to investigate germination and early establishment characteristics of new cultivars for a practical application to turfgrass establishment such as parks, athletic field and golf course etc. Fifteen cultivars were evaluated in different experiments. An alternative condition for a KB germination test required by International Seed Testing Association (ISTA) was applied in Experiment I, consisting of 8-hr light at $25^{\circ}C$ and 16-hr dark at $15^{\circ}C$ (ISTA conditions). Experiment II was conducted under a room temperature condition of 5 to $25^{\circ}C$ (natural conditions). Seed germinating vigor, germination speed and germination peak time were measured in both experiments. Significant differences were observed in seed germinating vigor, germination speed and germination peak time. Seed germinating vigor was variable with different environments and cultivars. It was 75.25 to 89.50% under ISTA conditions and 75.75 to 90.25% under natural conditions. There were considerable variations in early germination characteristics among KB cultivars according to different environments. Early germination characteristics showed that all cultivars were 3 to 5 days faster in germination under ISTA conditions, when compared with natural conditions. The germination speed, measured as days to seed germination of 50% to 80%, was much faster with 'Midnight II', 'Excursion' and 'Midnight' under ISTA conditions. But it was faster with 'Midnight II', 'Excursion' and 'Odyssey' under natural conditions. Differences was also observed in germination peak time with cultivars and growing conditions. It ranged 5.94 to 14.88 days under ISTA conditions and 4.71 to 13.06 days under natural conditions. Regardless of the environment conditions, the shortest cultivars were 'Odyssey' and 'Midnight II'. The longest ones were 'Nuglade' under ISTA condition and 'Moonlight' under natural conditions. Considering germinating vigor, germination speed and germination peak time, 'Midnight II', 'Excursion', 'Midnight', and 'Odyssey' were regarded as excellent cultivars under ISTA conditions in terms of early establishment characteristics, while 'Midnight II', 'Excursion', 'Odyssey', and 'Courtyard' under natural conditions. These results suggest that an intensive germination test be needed prior to planting, for investigating the early germinating vigor, germination speed and germination peak time. Also, a proper cultivar selection and comprehensive site analysis for the growing environmental conditions should be done before turfgrass establishment such as golf course construction.

다중경로 페이딩 환경에서 HOS와 WT을 이용한 디지털 변조형태 인식 (Digital Modulation Types Recognition using HOS and WT in Multipath Fading Environments)

  • 박철순
    • 전자공학회논문지CI
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    • 제45권5호
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    • pp.102-109
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    • 2008
  • 본 논문은 다중경로 페이딩 채널 조건에서 사전 정보없이 입사하는 디지털 신호 10종의 변조형태를 고정확도로 인식할 수 있도록 고차 통계량(HOS)과 웨이브릿 변환(WT)에서 선정된 특징(key features)을 이용한 견실한 하이브리드 분류기를 제안하였다. 제안된 분류기는 실제 시나리오를 고려하여 다양한 다중경로 환경(즉, 농촌, 소도시, 도심지역)에서 측정된 채널 데이터를 이용하였다. 실제 측정된 다중경로 페이딩 채널 데이터를 이용하여 Holdout-like 방식으로 총 15개 채널 중 9개 채널은 트레이닝용으로 사용하고, 나머지 6개 채널은 테스트용으로 사용하였다. 제안된 분류기는 다중경로 환경에서 높은 변별력을 유지하는 HOS 특징을 기반으로 구현되었고, AMA(Alphabet Matched Algorithm) 또는 MMA(Multi-modulus Algerian)와 같은 등화기법의 적용없이 분류가 어렵다고 알려진 MQAM신호(M=16, 64, 256)들에 대해서만 WT 특징을 적용하였다. 선정된 특징들을 이용한 변조인식은 입력공간에서 최대 마진을 갖는 하이퍼 공간으로 매핑시킴으로서 분류 능력이 우수하다고 알려진 SVM 메소드를 적용하여 시뮬레이션을 실시하였다. 제안된 분류기의 성능은 트레이닝 채널과 테스트 채널에서 WT 또는 HOS 특징만을 단독으로 사용하는 분류기에 비해 현저한 성능 향상을 보였고, 특히, MQAM 신호의 인식률은 낮은 SNR레벨에서도 거의 완전하게 분류되었다.

수환경 내 용존성 유기물질의 총 유기탄소 및 총 질소 안정동위원소 신규 분석법 소개 (Introduction of a New Method for Total Organic Carbon and Total Nitrogen Stable Isotope Analysis of Dissolved Organic Matter in Aquatic Environments)

  • 박시영;최희주;홍서연;임보라;최서영;김은미;허유정;이수형;김민섭
    • 생태와환경
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    • 제56권4호
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    • pp.339-347
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    • 2023
  • 본 연구는 TOC/TN-IRMS를 이용하여 총 유기탄소 및 총 질소 안정동위원소 분석법을 연구하였으며, 수환경 중저농도 시료에서도 분석이 가능하게 시스템을 구축하였다. 수생태계로 유입되는 다양한 유기탄소 기원을 파악하기 위하여 형광지표와 δ13C-DOC 안정동위원소비를 활용한다면 효율적인 수질 관리를 위한 해석기능을 제공할 것이며, 추후 유역 오염원의 대표값(end member)의 지속적인 조사를 통하여 자료구축이 이루어져야 할 것이다.