• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.31-35
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• 2018

When REBCO coated conductors (CCs) are applied to superconducting devices such as coils and magnets, they are subjected to deformation in various modes such as compression/tension bending, uniaxial/transverse tension and torsion. Despite outstanding performances by REBCO CC tapes, their electromechanical properties have been evaluated primarily under uniaxial tension, therefore data about the critical current ($I_c$) response in the compressive strain region are lacking. In this study, the characteristic responses of $I_c$ in REBCO CC tapes under bending strains in the range from tensile to compressive were evaluated. The springboard bending beam was used, wherein the CC tape sample was soldered onto the surface of the springboard. A Goldacker-type bending test rig, which lacks a support holding the sample during testing, was used as a comparator. Degradation in $I_c$ behaviors, including strain sensitivity, in differently processed REBCO CC tapes were examined based on the test rig used.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.74-88
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• 1991

In order to study the effects of Goosunsan known clinically for their effects of treatment for cough and asthmas the study was carried out to investigate the effect of Goosunsan extract on the contractile force of the isolated guinea pig's vaviovs kinds smooth muscles and elucidate its mechanism The result were obtained as follows: 1. The isolated trachea & ileum smooth muscles of guinea pig was suspended in the organ bath with oxygenated kreb's Henselsite bicarbonate buffer solution at $37^{\circ}C$, and the developed tension by the drug was recorded with Isometric transducer (nacro F-60). The resting tension was approximately 0.5g. 2. The isolated trachea & ileum smooth muscles of guinea pig was remakably relaxed by the administration of Goosunsan. 3. The contractile response of the trachea smooth muscle of the isolated guinea pig to histamine 10-4 M was remakably by Goosunsan extract. 4. The contractile response of the ileum smooth muscle of the isolated guinea pig to histamine 10-4 M was remakably by Goosunsan extract. 5. The contractile response of the trachea smooth muscle of the isolated guinea pig to acetylcholine 10-4 M was remakably by Goosunsan extract. 6. The contractile response of the ileum smooth muscle of the isolated guinea pig to acetylcholine 10-4 M was remakably by Goosunsan. 7. The contractile response of the trachea smooth muscle of the isolated guinea pig to 5-hydroxytryptamine 10-4 M was remakably by Goosunsan. 8. The contractile response of the ileum smooth muscle of the isolated guinea pig to 5-hydroxytryptamine 10-4 M was remakably by Goosunsan.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 1993

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of Oyootang and Shinchulsan extract on the contractile force of the isolated guinea pig trachea smooth muscle and elucidate its mechanism The result were obtained as follow: 1. The isolated trachea smooth muscle was suspended in the organ bath with oxygenated kerb's Henseleit bicarbonate buffer solution at $37^{\circ}C$, and the developed tension by the drug was recorded with isometric tranducer(Nacro F-60). The resting tension was approximately 0.5g 2. The contractile response of the trachea smooth muscle of the isolated guinea pig by histamine $10^{-4}M$ was significantly inhibited by Oyootang and Shinchulsan extract. 3. The contractile response of the trachea smooth muscle of the isolated guinea pig by acetylcholine $10^{-4}M$ was considerably inhibited by Oyootang and Shinchulsan extract. 4. The contractile response of the trachea smooth muscle of the isolated guinea pig by histamine $10^{-4}M$ was significantly inhibited by Oyootanghabshinchulsan extract. 5. The contractile response of the trachea smooth muscle of the isolated guinea pig by acetylcholine $10^{-4}M$ was significantly inhibited by Oyootanghabshinchulsan extract. 6. The contractile response of the trachea smooth muscle of the iso-lated guinea pig by histamine $10^{-4}M$ was significantly inhibited by Oyootang, Shinchulsan and its constituent herbs extract. 7. The contractile response of the trachea smooth muscle of the iso-lated guinea pig by acetylcholine $10^{-4}M$ was significantly inhibited by Oyootang, Shinchulsan and its constituent herbs extract.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.399-418
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to investigate the stress response of nurses working on psychiatric wards (psychiatric nurses) compared with that of nurses working on general wards (general nurses) in order to provide assessment data for intervention of the stress response. The Symptoms of Stress Inventory was used to measure the stress response. Data were collected by a direct survey method using a questionnaire and were collected from March first to March 30, 1995. A sample of 200 nurses working in three psychiatric hospitals and psychiatric wards in four university hospitals in Seoul and Kangwon province were selected and 200 nurses working on general wards from two general hospitals in Seoul were also selected for a total sample of 400 nurses. Nurses who had experienced more than one of the major life events in the last two years were excluded from the total number in the samples, so the final sample was 161 psychiatric nurses, and 169 general nurses. The Scores for the total stress response, scores of the SOS subscales, stress response by sociodemographic characteristics of the nurses working on the psychiatric wards were compared with those of nurses working on the general ward. The results of this investigation are as follows 1. The mean total SOS score for the psychiatric nurse was 0.81 (SD=0.48) and that of the general nurses was 0.90(SD=0.53). 2. The Mean score for peripheral manifestation, con tral-neurological symptoms, gastrointestinal symptoms, muscle tension, habitual patterns, de-pression, anxiety, anger and cognitive disorganization for the general nurses showed a tendency to be higher than those of the psychiatric nurses. Mean score for cardiopulmonary symptoms for the general nurses was significantly higher than that of the psychiatric nurses. 3. The mean scores for the sixteen SOS items for the general nurses was significantly higher than for the psychiatric nurses. The 16 items were flushing of the face, sweating excessively even in cold weather, thumping of the heart, rapid breathing, dry mouth, a choking lump in the throat, hoarseness, muscle tension in hands or arm, muscle tension in leg, working tiring one out completely, severe aches a핀 Pain make it diffi-cult to do the work, severe nervous exhaustion, worrying about health, feeling weak and faint, so upset that one wants to hit something, unable to keep thoughts from running through one's mind. The mean score of only 505 item were significantly higher for the psychiatric nurses. 4. Stress responses between psychiatric nurses and general nurses were significantly different according to the following demographic characteristics : marriage, duration of work, position, accommodation, planning to move into another working site, working ward, education in psychiatric nursing.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.123-128
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• 1992

The present study was undertaken to examine if endogenous nitric oxide is partly responsible for the high calcium induced vasorelaxation in vitro. Isolated porcine coronary arterial rings were suspended in the tissue chamber and their changes in isometric tension were recorded. KCI little affected the vascular tension in the calcium free media, but subsequent addition of cumulative doses of $CaCl_3$ from 1 to 40 mM caused a contraction followed by complete relaxation. The maximum tension was noted at the calcium concentration in the media of 5 mM, and then the tension progressively declined at 10-40 mM. The relaxation was slightly attenuated in the endothelium-denuded preparation. The relaxation was converted into a contraction by the addition of methylene blue. The relaxation response was not affected in the presence of indomethacin, but was significantly attenuated by $N^w-nitro-L-arginine$ methyl ester pretreatment. These results suggest that the calcium induced vasorelaxation is in part attributable to the release of endogenous nitric oxide.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.39-51
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• 2016

This paper considers the tensile strength of concrete samples in direct, CTT, modified tension, splitting and ring tests using both of the experimental tests and numerical simulation (particle flow code 2D). It determined that which one of indirect tensile strength is close to direct tensile strength. Initially calibration of PFC was undertaken with respect to the data obtained from Brazilian laboratory tests to ensure the conformity of the simulated numerical models response. Furthermore, validation of the simulated models in four introduced tests was also cross checked with the results from experimental tests. By using numerical testing, the failure process was visually observed and failure patterns were watched to be reasonable in accordance with experimental results. Discrete element simulations demonstrated that the macro fractures in models are caused by microscopic tensile breakages on large numbers of bonded discs. Tensile strength of concrete in direct test was less than other tests results. Tensile strength resulted from modified tension test was close to direct test results. So modified tension test can be a proper test for determination of tensile strength of concrete in absence of direct test. Other advantages shown by modified tension tests are: (1) sample preparation is easy and (2) the use of a simple conventional compression press controlled by displacement compared with complicate device in other tests.

• Proceedings of the Korea Committee for Ocean Resources and Engineering Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.69-74
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• 2000

Linear and nonlinear motion responses of a Tension Leg Platform(TLP) was investigated by model tests. The model tests were carried out at KRISO's Ocean Engineering Basin which has a deep pit of which diameter and depth are 5 meters and 12.5 meters, respectively. Optical sensors were used for measuring drift motions, and a set of accelerometers were employed for analyzing wave frequency motions. ISSC TLP was chosen as the model for the present study. Scale ratio was 1/65 and elastic modelling of tether system were conducted. Very good agreement was obtained between experimental results and theoretical calculations not only in linear motion responses but tension responses, nonlinear wave drift force and double frequency excitations.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.573-582
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• 2018

This study develops and numerically verifies an innovative seismically resilient bracing system. The proposed self-centering tension-only brace (SC-TOB) is composed of a tensioning system to provide a self-centering response, a frictional device for energy dissipation, and a high-strength steel cable as a bracing element. It is considered to be an improvement over the traditional self-centering braces in terms of lightness, high bearing capacity, load relief, and double-elongation capacity. In this paper, the mechanics of the system are first described. Governing equations deduced from the developed analytical model to predict the behavior of the system are then provided. The results from a finite element validation confirm that the SC-TOB performs as analytically predicted. Key parameters including the activation displacement and load, the self-centering parameter, and equivalent viscous damping are investigated, and their influences on the system behavior are discussed. Finally, a design procedure considering controlled softening behavior is developed and illustrated through a design example.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.151-156
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• 2008

Different kinds of forces can be applied to the biological tissue. The analysis of the applied force is highly important to explain the mechanism of cellular response. In this study, the applied force to the collagen gel was analyzed by the finite elements analysis. The model received two different kinds of static force (compression and tension). The force range was 50g to 400g. In results, von Mises stress was concentrated in the peripheral region in the compression model. It was concentrated in the central area in the tension model. However, the compressive force was high in the peripheral area of the compression model and the tensional force was also high in the same area of the tension model. In conclusion, the applied force could be different to the region and it should be considered in the experiment to analyze the effects of the mechanical force on the cells.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.4 no.5
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• pp.403-424
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• 2007

The investigation of corrosion effects on the tensile behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) members is very important in region prone to high corrosion conditions. In this article, an experimental study concerning corrosion effects on tensile behavior of RC members is presented. For this purpose, a comprehensive experimental program including 58 cylindrical reinforced concrete specimens under various levels of corrosion is conducted. Some of the specimens (44) are located in large tub containing water and salt (5% salt solution); an electrical supplier has been utilized for the accelerated corrosion program. Afterwards, the tensile behavior of the specimens was studied by means of the direct tension tests. For each specimen, the tension stiffening curve is plotted, and their behavior at various load levels is investigated. Average crack spacing, loss of cross-section area due to corrosion, the concrete contribution to the tensile response for different strain levels, and maximum bond stress developed at each corrosion level are studied, and their appropriate relationships are proposed. The main parameters considered in this investigation are: degree of corrosion ($C_w$), reinforcement diameter (d), reinforcement ratio (${\rho}$), clear concrete cover (c), ratio of clear concrete cover to rebar diameter (c/d), and ratio of rebar diameter to reinforcement percentage ($d/{\rho}$).