• 건축역사연구
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.23-43
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• 1994

In this study, it has compared and investigated the architecture of Six-Dynasty in China which was the same period of Baegje. There are no buildings to remain as a Baegje's architecture, but the architectural traces are remained. Especially, the architectural traces in Six-Dynasty are much left in cave temples. The reason to compare the architecture between China and Baegje intends to restore the Baegje's architectural style ultimately. The two countries, China and Baegje, were very close and they traded each other at that time. In the method of comparison, it has been investigated the form, the style and characteristics in each parts such as podium, column base, column, doors and windoors, brackets and roofs. As a result of the study, it has shown that the Baegje's architecture was not splendid compared to the architecture of Six-Dynasty. Baegje developed it's own architectural technique and used it only to the Baegje architecture. Since there was historical records that Baegje sent it's own architectural engineers to surrounding countries, Silla and Japan, it confirms that Baegje's architectural techniques were excellent. We need more time and constant research to restore the Baegje's architectural style ahead of time.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.205-212
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• 2007

It is a world wide tread for museums to become specialized museums emphasizing their characteristics, but Seongbo museums(museums that preserve Buddhist artifacts) are more general and show no specialization or characterization. The purpose of this study is to emphasize the special character of the Seongbo museum which manages and maintains sacred Buddhist cultural artifacts, and to understand the architectural characteristics of the building distribution and interior composition to implement a more systematic spatial composition plan. For our analysis we selected 6 currently operating museums as our subjects, and analyzed the characteristics of their spatial composition through their plans including the plot plans and ground plans. As a result, we found that most of them were small scale museums, and that the character and rank of each building changed according to its positioning. In terms of areas, the museums consisted of exhibition areas, storage areas, maintenance areas, and other miscellaneous areas and were lacking areas for research and education. It is necessary for these museums to possess facilities for managing these cultural artifacts as well as adequate exhibition and storage spaces. Seongbo museums, which are connected with Buddhist temples, must possess differentiated preservation and maintenance methods unlike museums dealing with artifacts that need only be preserved, and must have an area plan suitable to the characteristics of the various artifacts near and around the temple so as to help build our Buddhist cultural heritage in a systematic and continuous matter.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제66권7호
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• pp.1111-1116
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• 2017

In this paper, we developed bio-signal based eye tracking system using electrooculogram (EOG) and electromyogram (EMG) which measured simultaneously from same electrodes. In this system, eye gazing position can be estimated using EOG signal and we can use EMG signal at the same time for additional command control interface. For EOG signal processing, PLA algorithms are applied to reduce processing complexity but still it can guarantee less than 0.2 seconds of reaction delay time. Also, we developed dual machine learning structure and it showed robust and enhanced tracking performances. Compare to conventional EOG based eye tracking system, developed system requires relatively light hardware system specification with only two skin contact electrodes on both sides of temples and it has advantages on application to mobile equipments or wearable devices. Developed system can provide a different UX for consumers and especially it would be helpful to disabled persons with application to orthotics for those of quadriplegia or communication tools for those of intellectual disabilities.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.39-50
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• 1995

This Study aims at identifying factor and variables which have significant effects on user satisfaction with recreational resources and facilities in Juwang National Park and there-by establishes indicies of planning and / or management of the park. To test the causal models of this research, the data was gathered by self-administered questionnaires from users in Juwang National Park. The analysis of the data was conducted in two phases. The first analysis dealt with exploratory gactor analysis which identified major factors involved in satisfaction with recreational facilities in Juwang National Park. The second analysis tested the fit of causal models of this research to the data using LISREL methodology. The factor analysis identified six significant factors in satisfaction with recreational resources, The six factors are convenient park facilities, natural landacape resources, linear park facilities, mineral springs and Buddhist temples, commercial and sleeping accommodations, rest areas and open space for passive recreational activity. The second phase analysis tested the fit of the causal model for satisfaction with recreation facilities to the data. The phase identified statistically significant causal links among overall satisfaction with the park, and other indigenous factors and exogenous variables. From these causal relationships, implications for future management of Juwang National Park were suggested.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.97-104
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• 2000

Studies on the principle of traditional moulding techniques of architecture or structure are very important in the point of the work could accomplish succession to modern design. As an attempt of these work, this study tried to examine traditional moulding techniques applied in planes of ancient architecture and structure closely. The major findings of this study are summarized as follows; It was verified that planes of ancient Korean architectures and structures analyzed in this study was moulded by its multiple partitions with the six or eight partitions of circumference as the fundamental form. The well unearthed in kyong-bok palace recently was moulded by a concentric circle assumed form of 4 circle which was extended with equal interval and divided into multiple of 8 partition of circumference. Chon-duk-jung in chang-duk palace also was moulded by a concentric circle assumed form of 3 circle extended with equal interval, but circle were divide by 6 partitions. It was also found that 6$^{\circ}$§8 partitions of circumference(or its multiple partition) was applied to not only above structures but also the moulding planes of ancient architecture, and as a results, figures revealed in architectures analyzed is classified into three classes. And, this study analyzed arrangements of two temples. As a results, it is discovered that the Grid used in moulding planes of each building fixed the arrangement of buildings. Therefore, moulding by equal partition of circumference decided the form of each building and the relation of element at the same time.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.157-173
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• 1995

Seowons were first established during the Koryo Dynasty and contain primate shrines for the service of ancestors and ancient sages. Seowons were located in a scenic or rural place some distance from a residential area. The direct motive for building the Seowon came from the need for transcendental concealment and evasive retirement which developed as a result of oppression of scholars The indirect motivations were the development of loaming in an idyllic natural settings and the creation of a beautiful natural environment. he purpose of tai study is to investigate the characteristics and transformation process of the location of Seowon in the Chosen dynasty. The results of this research are summarized as fellows : 1. Seowons were in hilly areas with good geographical features including a nice view of the mountains and waters. Beowons were also built on the relation place of an ancient sage and of destroyed Buddist temples. 2. The location patterns of seowon in the Choson dynasty underwent three stages with the change of time Political and social phenomena influenced the transformation of the location patterns Research in this area is at an early stage. The present study was confined to an examination of 7he characteristics and transformation process of the location of seowons. However, it is hoped that this study will offer meaningful guide for further research.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.19-26
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• 2019

The subjects of this study were limited to Silla buddhist temple remains in the 6~8th century, where the excavation survey report was published and the details of the remains of the corridor are revealed. Since the corridor completes the structure of temple and is involved in formation of the space, the building plan for corridors is thought to have an intention linked to the entire temple. Thus, more closer study is required for this construction plan to identify the role of corridors. The corridor is a building that has a low architectural hierarchy and completes the layout and composition of the temple. In the unit planning of the corridor, unit were designed to be of a certain size in the temple layout. Then, the overall scale was made by adding the fixed size of unit. The combination of corridors are the combined points of paths and were used as visual points. The structure of the corridor was constructed to be adjusted according to the size of the main compartment of the building to which it was connected and inserted under the roof of the building. The adjustment of the unit changed in the range of 0.5 to 2 of Silla's system of measurement. The usage of embedded pillar in the corridor presents a new perspective on Silla architecture.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.148-152
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• 2023

Soft tissue filler injection is the second most common nonsurgical cosmetic procedure. Despite the safety of fillers, as use has grown, so has the number of patients affected by adverse events. Ophthalmoplegia following cosmetic filler injection is a rare complication, mostly occurring after injection to the glabella, nasolabial fold, periorbital, and lateral nasal site. In all cases where ophthalmoplegia has been reported following fillers, patients have simultaneously experienced vision loss and other ocular symptoms. We report a case of isolated acute ophthalmoplegia following hyaluronic acid injection solely in the temple region. A 40-year-old woman, 3 hours after the procedure, presented to our hospital with left eye ophthalmoplegia, ptosis, and hypotropia. Treatment started with hyaluronidase, steroids, and anticoagulants. After 4 weeks, left eye ophthalmoplegia remained unchanged, and through a 10-week follow-up, all left ocular movements improved, and only mild hypotropia and ptosis persisted. This case report shows that ophthalmoplegia may also happen with temple region filler injections. We also review available prevention techniques and treatments to avoid such complications when performing soft tissue fillers for gaunt appearance correction.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2000

This paper surveys the fabric weavability and machine efficiency in the various weaving looms such as Projectile, Rapiers, and Air-jet. Used projectile loom was Sulzer-PU, and FAST-R, THEMA-11E, and Picanol-GTX were used for Rapier looms, as the Air-Jet looms, Picanol PAT and OMNI types were used. Using these looms, 5 harness worsted satin fabrics were woven for surveying the fabric weavability and machine efficiency. Warp yam count of fabric is 1/40Nm, Sirofil, and filling is 1/30 Nm, worsted. End breaks of warp and filling directions for the various types of looms are measured and discussed with the mechanism of each loom. Warp and filling yam tensions are also measured and analysed with open width of shedding motion of each weaving machine. And various warp yam tensions with open width of shedding are measured and analysed according to the warp yam in various heald frame. These results fire also discussed with temples such as bar and ring. Warp yam tensions at the various positions on the fabric with various looms are measured and discussed with fabric mechanical properties such as tensile, bending, shear and surface.

• 대순사상논총
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• 제18권
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• pp.81-99
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• 2004

This text discusses trends in the construction of religions since the Meiji Era, using Konkokyo and Restoration Shintoism as examples. The construction of religions is applied here as the process of a deliberate acceptace of religious images as a discourse of "Civilization" endowed with "kyougi" or "Doctrine" and "kyousoku" or "Rules of Instruction." Winding through a meandering path, these constructed religions do not take precedence over "Jikyou" or "State Religion." Yet, "Jikyou" for a while was fixed in its own fragemented self-imagery. As for Shinto, in 1900, the Office of Shinto Shrines became independent from the Office of Shrines and Temples in the Department of Domestic Affairs, and clearly Shinto and Shinto Shrines were part of secular state ideology. In the Bakumatsu and Meiji Periods, it ultimately was cut off from Restoration Shinto, thereby achieving this development on its own. This tells of the formation of an entirely new and modern Shinto within a secular "Jikyou." Konkokyo, moreover, as a religion establishes "kyousoku" and "kyougi." As a Shinto sect, it takes steps on the path toward recognizing a self-identity, namely as religious Shinto. As a result, dogmatization and systemization progress, and "Byoukinaoshi" or "illness-recovery" from the Tokugawa Period weathers. Also, as for progress in the Shinto religious order, from its foundation, the characteristics of a unified state and religion emerge, and thus there is an acceptance of significant restrictions. This dillema continues to persist as a problem in postwar Japan. Shedding light on Tokugawa Era practice also sheds light on where we can now take religious concepts.