• 한국작물학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.112-126
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• 1991

The atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration is ever-increasing and expected to reach about 600 ppmv some time during next century. Such an increase of $CO_2$ may cause a warming of the earth's surface of 1.5 to 4.5$^{\circ}C$, resulting in great changes in natural and agricultural ecosystems. The climatic scenario under doubled $CO_2$ projected by general circulation model of Goddard Institute for Space Studies(GISS) was adopted to evaluate the potential impact of climate change on agroclimatic resources, net primary productivity and rice productivity in Korea. The annual mean temperature was expected to rise by 3.5 to 4.$0^{\circ}C$ and the annual precipitation to vary by -5 to 20% as compared to current normal climate (1951 to 1980), resulting in the increase of possible duration of crop growth(days above 15$^{\circ}C$ in daily mean temperature) by 30 to 50 days and of effective accumulated temperature(EAT=∑Ti, Ti$\geq$1$0^{\circ}C$) by 1200 to 150$0^{\circ}C$. day which roughly corresponds to the shift of its isopleth northward by 300 to 400 km and by 600 to 700 m in altitude. The hydrological condition evaluated by radiative dryness index (RDI =Rn/ $\ell$P) is presumed to change slightly. The net primary productivity under the 2$\times$$CO_2$ climate was estimated to decrease by 3 to 4% when calculated without considering the photosynthesis stimulation due to $CO_2$ enrichment. Empirical crop-weather model was constructed for national rice yield prediction. The rice yields predicted by this model under 2 $\times$ $CO_2$ climatic scenario at the technological level of 1987 were lower by 34-43% than those under current normal climate. The parameters of MACROS, a dynamic simulation model from IRRI, were modified to simulate the growth and development of Korean rice cultivars under current and doubled $CO_2$ climatic condition. When simulated starting seedling emergence of May 10, the rice yield of Hwaseongbyeo(medium maturity) under 2 $\times$ $CO_2$ climate in Suwon showed 37% reduction compared to that under current normal climate. The yield reduction was ascribable mainly to the shortening of vegetative and ripening period due to accelerated development by higher temperature. Any simulated yields when shifted emergence date from April 10 to July 10 with Hwaseongbyeo (medium maturity) and Palgeum (late maturity) under 2 $\times$ $CO_2$ climate did not exceed the yield of Hwaseongbyeo simulated at seedling emergence on May 10 under current climate. The imaginary variety, having the same characteristics as those of Hwaseongbyeo except growth duration of 100 days from seedling emergence to heading, showed 4% increase in yield when simulated at seedling emergence on May 25 producing the highest yield. The simulation revealed that grain yields of rice increase to a greater extent under 2$\times$ $CO_2$-doubled condition than under current atmospheric $CO_2$ concentration as the plant type becomes more erect.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.51-58
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• 1979

It is a general trend everywhere that the uses of vegetable oils are increasing due to the fact that they are effective in curing and preventing symptoms of high blood pressure and various heart failure conditions. At the same time the concept that oxidative rancidity is caused by the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acid moieties whose subsequent decomposition gives rise to various undesirable, sometimes toxic compounds is now well accepted. Linolenic acid (C, 18:3) is one of highly unsaturated and readily oxidizable fatty acid. The content of this essential polyunsaturated fatty acid in perilla seed oil (PSO) was found to be as high as 48% while only 1.5% in sesame seed oil (SSO). In this experiment the oxidative stability of PSO was compared with that of SSO. The experimental test group were as follows: A) Stored at different temperatures, namely $4^{\circ}C,\;30^{\circ}C,$ and $60^{\circ}C,$ B) Stored at room temperature $(20{\pm}5^{\circ}C)$ ; a. protected from sunlight and air, b. exposed to air without sunlight c. exposed to sunlight but protected front air, d. completely exposed to both air and sunlight. The following results were obtained; 1) It was found to be most stable against oxidation to store both PSO and SSO under the low temperature $(4^{\circ}C)$ condition. According to P.V. measurements it was found to be safe to keep both oils up to $30^{\circ}C$ for at least 8 weeks. When exposed to air, sunlight and high temperature $(60^{\circ}C)$, P.V. of PSO reached there peak values, which were much higher than those of SSO. This explains much of its instability as compared to SSO against oxidation. 2) The effect of high temperature $(60^{\circ}C)$ on A.V. was found to be more striking than those of all the other storage conditions. The condition of refrigeration was most effective in keeping A.V. low for both oils as was the case in P.V. 3) For both oils, I.V. decreased throughout the experimental period (8 weeks). The range of decrement was larger for PSO than SSO. 4) There was no significant change in the compositions of fatty acids of SSO caused by various experimental storage conditions. But for PSO the compositions of stearic, oleic and linoleic acid were decreased, whereas linolenic acid was increased proportionally.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.603-614
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• 2021

최근 우리나라 주변 해역의 해수면 온도가 상승하고 있다. 이러한 수온 상승은 어족자원의 변화를 일으켜 낚시와 같은 레저활동에 영향을 미치기도 하며, 특히 고수온은 적조 발생으로 이어져 양식업과 같은 해양산업에 극심한 피해를 유발하기도 한다. 한편 수온 변화는 잠수함을 탐지하는 군사작전과도 밀접하게 연관되어 있다. 이는 잠수함을 탐지하기 위한 음파가 수온층에 따라 회절, 굴절 및 반사되는 정도가 달라지기 때문이다. 이와 같이 해양과 관련된 다양한 분야에서 중요성을 가지는 해양 수온의 변화를 예측하기 위한 연구가 현재 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 그러나 기존 연구들은 대부분 해수면 온도만을 예측하는데 중점을 두고 있어 수심별 어족자원의 변화나 잠수함 탐지와 같은 군사분야 활용이 제한된다. 이에 본 연구에서는 수심별 수온자료 및 해수면 온도와 상관관계를 가지는 기온, 기압, 일조량 등의 기상 데이터를 함께 활용하여 수심 38 m 혼합층의 수온을 예측하였다. 사용된 데이터는 이어도 해양과학기지에서 관측한 2016년부터 2020년까지의 기상 데이터와 수심별 수온 자료이며, 예측의 정확성과 효율성을 높이기 위해 딥러닝 기법 중 시계열 자료에 적합하다고 알려진 LSTM(Long Short-Term Memory)을 사용하였다. 실험 결과 1시간 예측을 기준으로 기온과 기압, 일조량 자료를 함께 활용한 모델의 RMSE(Root Mean Square Error)는 0.473으로 나타났다. 반면 해수면 수온만을 활용한 모델의 RMSE는 0.631로 나타나 기상데이터를 함께 활용한 모델이 상부 혼합층 수온 예측에서 보다 우수한 성능을 보임을 확인하였다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제65권4호
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• pp.327-338
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• 2020

최근 한국의 기온은 지구 온난화로 인해 급격히 상승하고 있으며 지난 40년 동안 한국의 기온은 1980년대 초에 비해 약 1.26℃ 상승했습니다. 지역 별로는 강원도 서부 지역이 1.76℃로 가장 높았고 전남도가 0.96℃로 가장 낮았다. 기온이 계속 상승함에 따라 현재의 표준 재배 방법으로 쌀 수확량이 감소할 것으로 전망되고 있다. 지구 온난화로 지역에서 매년 벼농사를 할 수 있는 기간이 과거에 비해 증가하여 태백시 110일에서 부산과 광양의 180일까지 지역별 다양한 모습을 보이고 있다. 또한 모든 지역에서 2000년 이전에 비해 이앙 시기가 3-5일 지연되는 것으로 분석되었다. 쌀의 연평균 생산량은 1980년대 이후 밥쌀용 품종의 평균 생산량을 분석했을 때 증가 추세를 보였으며 특히 1990년대 초반에 개발된 품종들의 생산성이 급격히 증가한 것으로 나타났다. 생육기간 평균 기온과 벼 수확량의 관계는 1996년 전후로 크게 구분되었다. 평균 기온이 높을수록 개발 품종의 수확량은 1996년까지는 낮아졌으나 1996년 이후 평균 기온은 개발된 품종의 생산성 추세를 나타내지 않았습니다. 1999년부터 2016년까지 전국의 작물 재배 결과와 개발 품종 및 최근 개발 품종의 연간 수확량 변화를 분석하여 개발 된 벼 품종의 기후 변화 적응성을 평가하기 위하여 국내 작물의 생육 현황을 조사한 결과 2000년대 초반에 개발된 조생종 태봉벼(2000)와 운광벼(2004)와 1980년대에 개발한 오대벼의 연간 생산량을 비교 한 결과 기온 상승에도 불구하고 2000년대에 개발된 품종이 상대적으로 수량성이 높게 나타났다. 최근 중만생종으로 개발된 삼광벼 (2003)와 새누리벼(2007)의 연간 생산성은 1970년대에 개발된 추청벼와 같은 초기 개발 품종보다 높았다. 빠르고 지속적인 기온 상승에도 불구하고 벼 재배 기술과 품종 개발은 기후 변화에 잘 적응하여 지속적으로 개발되고 있는 것으로 평가되었다. 그러나 벼의 생물학적 잠재력은 한계에 도달할 수 있고 특히 이상기상의 빈도와 강도가 온난화와 동반하여 발생하고 있어 지속적인 대응 기술 개발이 필요하다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.279-285
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 비정상열선법을 이용한 나노유체의 열전도도 측정시, 자연대류 개시점을 수치적 방법을 통하여 파악해 보았다. 측정 유체는 부피비 1, 4, 10% 를 갖는 물-기반 알루미나 나노유체이고, 이에 대한 물성치는 기존 이론모델 및 실험적 상관관계식을 이용하여 계산하였다. 비정상열선법 장치는 FDM 방식으로 모델링 되었으며, 자연대류의 개시점은 중력장하의 열선의 온도변화를 관찰함으로써 파악하였다. 자연대류의 개시점은 물의 경우 11.5 초이고, 10% 부피비에서 Maxwell 모델로 열전도도를 예측한 알루미나 나노유체인 경우 41.6 초로 계산되었다. 특히 부피비가 증가할수록 자연대류가 늦게 발생함을 확인하였으며, 계산된 결과를 이용하여 비정상열선법의 실린더 내부에서 나노유체의 자연대류 개시점을 예측할 수 있는 관계식을 제시하였다. 또한 비정상열선법으로 열전도도를 측정할 때, 기본유체의 자연대류 발생시점 이전에 측정이 이루어진다면 나노유체의 열전도도 측정시 자연대류에 의한 측정오차는 무시할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.769-781
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• 2019

Dynamic displacement response of civil structures is an important index for in-construction and in-service structural condition assessment. However, accurately measuring the displacement of large-scale civil structures such as high-rise buildings still remains as a challenging task. In order to cope with this problem, a vision-based system with the use of industrial digital camera and image processing has been developed for long-distance, remote, and real-time monitoring of dynamic displacement of supertall structures. Instead of acquiring image signals, the proposed system traces only the coordinates of the target points, therefore enabling real-time monitoring and display of displacement responses in a relatively high sampling rate. This study addresses the in-situ experimental verification of the developed vision-based system on the Canton Tower of 600 m high. To facilitate the verification, a GPS system is used to calibrate/verify the structural displacement responses measured by the vision-based system. Meanwhile, an accelerometer deployed in the vicinity of the target point also provides frequency-domain information for comparison. Special attention has been given on understanding the influence of the surrounding light on the monitoring results. For this purpose, the experimental tests are conducted in daytime and nighttime through placing the vision-based system outside the tower (in a brilliant environment) and inside the tower (in a dark environment), respectively. The results indicate that the displacement response time histories monitored by the vision-based system not only match well with those acquired by the GPS receiver, but also have higher fidelity and are less noise-corrupted. In addition, the low-order modal frequencies of the building identified with use of the data obtained from the vision-based system are all in good agreement with those obtained from the accelerometer, the GPS receiver and an elaborate finite element model. Especially, the vision-based system placed at the bottom of the enclosed elevator shaft offers better monitoring data compared with the system placed outside the tower. Based on a wavelet filtering technique, the displacement response time histories obtained by the vision-based system are easily decomposed into two parts: a quasi-static ingredient primarily resulting from temperature variation and a dynamic component mainly caused by fluctuating wind load.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.157-166
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• 1984

These biologic test procedures are designed to test the suitability of P.V.C. made in Korea intended for parenteral preparation, which were based on the U.S. Pharmacopeia XIX "Biologic Test-Plastic Container", Official from July 1, 1975. Healthy adult human blood and rabbits weighing 2\ulcorner.2Kg were used for test materials. Sample P.V.C. were sampled from the medical equipments made in Korea randomly and Control P.V.C. were sampled from the standardized Cobe and Polystan P.V.C. tubes. P.V.C. extract was prepared from a homogeneous P.V.C. samples by incubating 60 square centimeters of the sample per 20 millimeters of sterile pyrogen-free saline at 70\ulcorner for 72 hours or autoclaving at 120\ulcorner for 1 hour. The Implantation Test was designed to evaluate the reaction of living tissue to the plastic by the method of the implantation of the Sample itself into animal tissue. The Systemic Injection Test, the Intracutaneous Test, and the remainders were designed to determine the biological response of animals to plastics by the single-dose injection of specific extracts prepared from a Sample. The results are as follows; 1.Implantation Test - No significant difference for reactions was noted between the Sample treated animal and the Control after 72 hours of implantation. 2.Systemic Toxicity Injection Test - No sign of toxicity and/or death immediately after injection and at 4, 24, 48 hours respectfully after injection. 3.Intracutaneous Test - None of the animals treated with the Sample showed a significantly greater reaction than the observed in the animals treated with Blank. 4.Pyrogen Assay-Only one animal treated with the Sample showed the maximal rise of rectal temperature about 0.2\ulcorner after 3 hours of injection, but remainders showed no change. 5.Hemolytic Index - The positive Control tube of distilled water exhibited complete hemolysis while the negative Control tube and P.V.C. extract were negative demonstrating no hemolysis. 6.Cell Morphology of Erythrocytes and Leukocytes on Stored, Heparinized Human Blood -- There was no significant difference in the morphology of either the Control or Sample extract. 7.Clotting Mechanism of Human Blood in vitro - After allowing to the P.V.C. extract at room temperature for 5 Hours and at 10\ulcorner for 24 hours, there was no appreciable difference in Prothrombin Time under these conditions. 8.Clotting Mechanism of Rabbit in vivo - At the termination of 5 days after intraperitoneal injection of the P.V.C. extract, no significant changes in Clotting Time were observed. According to the above results, it could be concluded that the P.V.C. made in Korea was acceptable for parenteral preparation, especially treated with physiologic saline and/or human blood.man blood.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.288-293
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• 2016

본 연구는 복숭아 주간부 동해 예방을 위한 피복재의 보온성을 평가하기 위해 백색부직포, 황색일반지, 방수패드로 만들어진 피복재의 물리적 특성 및 보온성을 평가하고 실제 겨울철 복숭아 주간부 보온효과를 구명하여 피복재로서의 이용가능성을 검토하기 위해 수행하였다. 세 피복재 중 2겹방수패드 처리가 보온율과 열저항성이 가장 우수하였다. 2겹방수패드 처리의 주간단열효과는 $14.09^{\circ}C$ 만큼 온도상승을 차단하였고, 야간보온효과는 $7.23^{\circ}C$ 만큼 온도하강을 차단하여 보온효과가 가장 우수함을 확인하였다. 따라서 방수패드 재질을 보온피복재로 개발 보급할 경우 복숭아 주간부 동해 피해를 경감시키는데 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 생각되었다.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.343-351
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• 2011

유기나노점토와 인화합물을 함유한 우레탄폼 복합체를 합성하고, 폼 생성속도, 밀도, 몰포로지, 열적특성 분석을 수행하였다. 우레탄폼 복합체는 Cloisite 30B가 박리/분산된 폴리아디페이트디올과 폴리에테르-폴리올(f=4.6), PMDI(f=2.5), D-580(phenyl polyoxyalkenyl phosphate)로부터 제조하였다. 발포제로써 cyclopentane과 증류수가 우레탄폼 복합체의 특성에 미치는 영향을 D-580의 농도 0~2.9 wt%에서 측정하였다. 증류수는 cyclopentane 보다 약 30% 빠르게 폼을 형성시켰다. 증류수로 발포한 우레탄폼 복합체의 밀도는 cyclopentane으로 발포한 경우보다 32~34% 낮았다. 증류수로 발포한 우레탄폼 복합체의 cell은 타원형인 반면에, cyclopentane으로 발포한 복합체는 구형의 형상이며, D-580의 함량이 증가함에 따라 cell 직경이 $158{\mu}m$에서 $100{\mu}m$로 감소하였다. Cyclopentane 으로 발포한 우레탄폼 복합체의 $T_g$는 D-580 함량이 증가함에 따라 $77.6^{\circ}C$에서 $56.1^{\circ}C$로 낮아졌다. 증류수로 발포한 우레탄 복합체의 $T_g$는 D-580 함량이 증가함에 따라 높아졌다. Cyclopentane과 증류수로 발포한 우레탄폼 복합체는 모두 $250^{\circ}C$에서 열분해가 시작하였다. Cyclopentane로 발포한 우레탄폼 복합체는 $500^{\circ}C$ 이상에서 열분해속도가 증가하는 2차 열분해 현상이 측정되었다. D-580에 의한 열안정성의 개선 정도는 cyclopentane으로 발포한 복합체에 비하여 증류수로 발포한 우레탄 복합체에서 더 높게 측정되었다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.620-628
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• 2013

In this study, the condition for preventing abnormal fermentation was set by heating the nuruk extract, such that glycosyl enzymes maintain its activity and unnecessary microbes are removed. The total colony of microbes in the heated nuruk extract was highest in number at $25^{\circ}C$ and began to reduce at 50, $60^{\circ}C$ and sharply reduced over $70^{\circ}C$. Saccharogenic power (SP), glucoamylase and acidic protease activities were highest at $50^{\circ}C$, 10, 20, 30min and ${\alpha}$-amylase activity was lower at $50^{\circ}C$ than at $25^{\circ}C$. In the pHs of the nuruk extract, as the heat temperature became higher and treatment time was longer, the pHs were reduced significantly. The total acidities of heat treatments at 50, $60^{\circ}C$ were lower by 0.2% than at $25^{\circ}C$, where as the 70, $80^{\circ}C$ treatments showed a sharp rise from the early stage of fermentation. Soluble solids showed the same aspects with the glycosyl enzymes cases. In reducing sugar, 25, $50^{\circ}C$ treatments were sharply increased from the first day of fermentation while $60^{\circ}C$ treatments began to rise from second day 70, $80^{\circ}C$ were slightly increased after the fourth day. The normally alcohol fermented treatments were 25, 50 and $60^{\circ}C$ 30min. The $70^{\circ}C$ treatments almost did not alcohol fermentation. In the preference tests, taste and total acceptability were high at 25, $50^{\circ}C$ treatments. These results suggest that makgeolli using heat treated nuruk extract also has good taste as well as did not.