• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.65-75
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• 2002

This study was performed to know the effects of stress induced by the daily fluctuation of water temperture from 18$^{\circ}C$ to 25$^{\circ}C$ up and down for 30 days on the defence mechanism of olive flounder. Puralichthys olivaceus. To make clear the temperature stress on the defense mechanism of the tested fish. several factors of immune response such as counting of leucocyte appearance in peripheral blood, phagocytic activity in whole blood cells, nitroblue tetrazolium(NBT) reduction, chemiluminescence(CL) response, and lysozyme activity were investigated at 28 days after giving the change of water temperature. The fish was controlled under the none feeding condition during experimental period. Mortality of the tested fish was rapidly increased up to 22% within the first one week of the experimental period without any additional stress factors. The number of neutrophil of peripheral blood in the tested group was significantly higher than the control group at the 2nd week. but the number of lymphocyte was significantly lower than the control group at the 1st and 3rd day of the experimental period. respectively. In the NBT reduction test, the activity of macrophage in the control group fish was the highest on the 7th day while that in the tested group was on the 3rd day. Also. the phagocytosis of tested group against formalin killed cells was retarded compared with the control. CL response of the tested group was significantly lower from 2nd to 5lh day of the experimental period than the control. 'The lysozyme activity of tested group was remained higher during the experimental period than the control. Even though the tested fish showed different results in some non-specific factors of immune respceses between tested and control group fish, olive flounder seems highly adaptable in repealed water temperature change in condition after one week under the given temperature fluctuation range.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 1998.06a
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• pp.415-418
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• 1998

The maleate copolyrner($C_{18}MA-VE_2$) is used as sensitive materials and deposited on the slide-glass substrates at room temperature using Langmuir-Blodgett(LB) method. The results of current-time(1-t) measurements are performed to investigate the gas-detection characteristics of the sensitive LB films in the presence of organic gases just as chloroform, acetone, ethanol, methanol using the apparatus for the gas-detection measurement. Several interesting responses are observed at room temperature, such as reversible response, sensitivity and response time. Response time and sensitivities are evaluated 160~220[sec], minimum 6[times], maximum 70[times] for each organic gas by adsorption and penetration of the organic gases in the relation concentration of 100[%], respectively.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.141-178
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• 2016

This paper, using AMR (Automatic Meter Reading) electricity data accurately measured in real time, analyses the characteristics and patterns of temperature effect on the industrial electricity usage. For this goal, the paper constructs and estimates a model which captures the properties of AMR time series including long-term trends, mid-term temperature effects, and short-term special day effects. Based on the estimated temperature response function and the temperature effect, we categorize the whole industry into two groups: one group with sharp temperature effect and the other with weak temperature effect. Furthermore, the industry group with sharp temperature effect is classified into a summer peak industry group and a winter peak industry group, based on the estimates of the temperature response function. These empirical results carry practical policy implications on the real time electricity demand management.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2007.05b
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• pp.2528-2533
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• 2007

Thermoforming is one of the most versatile and economical processes available for the manufacturing polymer products. The drawback of thermoforming is difficult to get uniform thickness of final products. For the distribution of thickness strongly depends on the temperature distribution of sheet, the adjustment of heater power is very important In this paper, an optimization study for getting uniform temperature distribution was carried out using dual optimization steps. At first, the steady state optimal distribution of heater power is searched by numerical optimization to get uniform temperature of sheet surface. In the second step, time-dependent optimal heater inputs have been found out to decrease the temperature difference through the direction of thickness using Rseponse Surface Method and D-optimal method. The optimization results show that the time-dependent optimal heater power distribution gives acceptable uniform sheet temperature in the field of forming temperature..

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.23 no.9
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• pp.1121-1128
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• 1999

A single blow, transient testing method for determining the heat transfer characteristics of heat exchanger surfaces are presented. The exponential inlet temperature variations were made using screen mesh with small time constant and frontal velocities of the test section. The system is used to investigate the usefulness of a model with exponential inlet temperature variations. A data reduction program is developed to calculate the temporally and spatially averaged heat transfer coefficient using the measured disturbance and response of the fluid temperature. The results are compared with the existing theoretical and experimental data for parallel plate stacks. It was recommended to take an average for the time greater than the 99% of the final temperature had reached in order to obtain fairly good results.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.409-424
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• 1987

Simulation on the hot water ONDOL heating system was made in order to investigate the variation of room temperature and specific fuel consumption of boiler. Heat balance equation was derived by response factors and solved implicitly. Variation of room temperature and specific fuel consumption of boiler were calculated with respect to the thickness of room floor, the absorptivity of wall for solar radiation, on-off temperature range of boiler and air exchange. The results show that specific fuel consumption of boiler is independent of the thickness of room floor and decreases with increasing the absorptivity of wall and on-off temperature range of boiler. However, it increases with increasing the air exchange. They also show that, when the absorptivity and on-off temperature range of boiler are increased, the amplitudes of room temperature variation increase.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.351-355
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• 2003

Response surface methodology was employed to study the interactive effect of sucrose, nitrogen, temperature and to optimize their levels to enhance the production of human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulation factor from Nicotiana tabacum cell suspension cultures. A 15-runs Box-Behnken design including three center points was the response surface method selected for the initial set of experiments. The analysis of the data from the Box-Behnken experiments showed interactive effects of sucrose:nitrogen, sucrose:temperature and nitrogen:temperature. The optimal combinations of sucrose, nitrogen and temperature for hGM-CSF production from surface plot were sucrose 90 g/L, nitrogen 41 mM and 22$^{\circ}C$, respectively. The optimization of there factors enhanced the hGM-CSF production by 2 times because high sucrose concentration stimulated the secretion of hGM-CSF and low temperature prevented hGM-CSF degradation in media by pretenses.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.45-49
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• 1969

The photoperiod and temperature response of Korean varieties were studied under field and greenhouse conditions. Results of the experiment indicated that all varieties tested were relatively intensitive to photoperiod. The early varieties were least affected by photoperiod while the late varieties showed the greatest response. Low temperature delays flowering either under short daylength or natural daylength. In general, temperature has a greater effect than photoperiod on the growth duration of the varieties used. The late varties had longer photoperiod-sensitive phase than the early varieties. Temperature has very little effect on the photoperiod-sensitive phase. The basic vegetative phase is longer in the early varieties than the late varieties. High temperature results shorten duration of the basic vegetative phase.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.119-126
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• 1994

To investigate effects of water temperature on immune response of flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, against Edwardsiella tarda, fish were immunized with formalin killed E. tarda antigen, and humoral immune response of these fish were observed. At lower water temperature (12 and $15^{\circ}C$), the antibody appeared 2 to 3 weeks after injection of formalin killed E. tarda antigen and the maximum agglutination titer was 16 and 32, respectively. However at higher water temperature (20 and $23^{\circ}C$), the antibody appeared one week after injection and the maximum agglutination titer was about 2,048. Once produced agglutination titer was sensitively responsed to variation of water temperature and showed that this phenomenon had also a similar tendency under natural condition. And it showed that agglatination titer of flounder immunized with formalin killed E. tarda maintained above 19 months.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.24 no.12
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• pp.846-851
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• 2012

The radiant floor heating system is traditional heating system in korea. Radiant floor heating is small in vertical temperature difference, air stream and radiant heat distribution is uniform. And radiant floor heating system provide thermal comfort conditions to the a resident. This study was undertaken to evaluate the physiological-subjective responses of the resident's posture change such as sitting and standing. The experimental investigations were carried out in climate chamber, and subjects were 4 college-age students in good health. The physiological response was skin temperature and subjective response was undertaken survey of TSV and CSV. The results were summarized as follows; The comfortable temperature range of plantar surface was $35.1{\sim}38.9^{\circ}C$ and buttock surface was $37.8{\sim}39.3^{\circ}C$.