• Journal of Korea Spatial Information System Society
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• v.1 no.2 s.2
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• pp.47-62
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• 1999

To meet the interoperability requirements associated with geospatial data access and geoprocessing, much efforts to design prototypical systems conforming to $OpenGIS^{TM}$ specification has been made. With respect to Object Web GIS, however, current internet mapping technology mainly focuses on either developing mapping libraries or client applications regardless of the future needs for interoperability such as an integration of $OpenGIS^{TM}$ standard for CORBA. In this paper, we propose an $OpenGIS^{TM}$ compliant mapping kernel. OpenViews, which is designed to meet those requirements. The kernel of OpenViews encapsulates the process of acquiring geospatial data in the format of $OpenGIS^{TM}$ Geometry through ORB(Object Request Broker). OpenViews, being designed based on well-known design patterns, is a highly extensible in that programmers can easily customize it on the object oriented architecture. The components implemented in OpenViews are CORBA/Java objects, and as such are portable and scalable in a networked environment. A companion package, OpenBroker, is also developed as a portable geoprocessing application server to facilitate the implementation and configuration of server side CORBA objects. It can be used for implementing objects for spatial analysis service which would be independent of legacy spatial database systems in many cases. OpenViews, together with OpenBroker, has been successfully prototyped using the technologies including EJB and servlet as the core components of an Open GIS compliant internet mapping.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.597-615
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• 2016

Since 1997 the United Kingdom has pursued creative industry and creative city development in accordance with the New Labor Party policy, strengthening its cluster policy by assigning creative city policies to traditional manufacturing-oriented regions. Tech City in London, one of the most successful examples of digital clusters, is an area in which diverse ecosystems for venture business integration have been established, as the once barren space began to spontaneously develop. For this region, systematic linkages including universities, private companies, start-ups, and accelerators have been added, along with the UK government's active support system. As a result of this opportunity, the scale of the UK start-up ecosystem has significantly grown, the number of local companies has surged, and brand effect has greatly improved. Tech City is an example of a well-balanced combination of public effort and private governance, based on the region's historical background and its potential for growth. It is an effective coordination of public policy and private active investment, services, research, and education. The market platform for institutional technology and commercialization, and aggressive investment shares in the risk, have lead to its growth as a start-up and an innovative city. Britain's efforts to expand the nationwide cluster for the future-oriented digital economy is most noteworthy.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.24 no.12
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• pp.1120-1127
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• 2013

In this paper, novel chip-on-chip(CoC) flip-chip bump structures using chip-on-wafer(CoW) process technology are proposed, designed and fabricated, and their microwave frequency responses are analyzed. With conventional bumps of Cu pillar/SnAg and Cu pillar/Ni/SnAg and novel Polybenzoxazole(PBO)-passivated bumps of Cu pillar/SnAg, Cu pillar/Ni/SnAg and SnAg with the deposition option of $2^{nd}$ Polyimide(PI2) layer on the wafer, 10 kinds of CoC samples are designed and their frequency responses up to 20 GHz are investigated. The measurement results show that the bumps on the wafers with PI2 layers are better for the batch flip-chip process and have average insertion loss of 0.14 dB at 18 GHz. The developed bump structures for chips with fine-pitch pads show similar or slightly better insertion loss of 0.11~0.14 dB up to 18 GHz, compared with that of 0.13~0.17 dB of conventional bump structures in this study, and we find that they could be utilized in various microwave packages for high integration density.

• Archives of design research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.181-188
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• 2004

The values of material civilizations that dominated the last century have been replaced with invisible values such as knowledge, information, and culture. The central axis of the world economy is also rapidly shifting from a capital and labor-intensive industry to a knowledge-based industry of software and contents. From the perspective of the industrialization of culture as multinational corporations and dominance and subordination relationships between cultures thereof, and crisis of cultural identity, the issues of support and fostering a culture industry arise. These have become major issues of concern in deciding national policies. In response to this trend, new departments related to culture contents in various universities have been established for fostering manpower in the field and the government policy to foster related human resources. However, actual results have not been currently achieved, despite the increase in quantity. This is due to the fact that the walls between culture contents departments were too high and thus education and fostering excellent human resources have not been properly conducted. It is also due to the obscure direction of education and a deficiency in the system. To cope with these problems, a systematic manpower-fostering education program should be developed through enhancement of the understanding of culture contents via linking education programs with detailed major fields of study. Accordingly, this study aims to identify changes in the current culture contents industry at home and abroad according to digitalization for fostering manpower of culture contents required in a rapidly changing environment of the culture contents industry. Then, it will review what influence has been made on the education system through the identification of personnel types through work flow charts and contents delivery modes following integration, as well as a desirable method to construct culture contents. Therefore, this study is a preliminary study on the means of fostering core personnel in the culture contents industry through linkage with the education system.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.242-250
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• 2015

Insertional mutagenesis induced by T-DNA or transposon tagging offers possibilities for analysis of gene function. However, its potential remains limited unless good methods for detecting the target locus are developed. We describe a PCR technique for efficient identification of DNA sequences adjacent to the inserted T-DNA in a higher plant, Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis). This strategy, which we named variable argument thermal asymmetric interlaced PCR (VA-TAIL PCR), was designed by modifying a single-step annealing-extension PCR by including a touch-up PCR protocol and using long gene-specific primers. Amplification efficiency of this PCR program was significantly increased by employing an autosegment extension method and linked sequence strategy in nested long gene-specific primers. For this technique, arbitrary degenerate (AD) primers specific to B. rapa were designed by analyzing the Integr8 proteome database. These primers showed higher accuracy and utility in the identification of flanking DNA sequences from individual transgenic Chinese cabbages in a large T-DNA inserted population. The VA-TAIL PCR method described in this study allows the identification of DNA regions flanking known DNA fragments. This method has potential biotechnological applications, being highly suitable for identification of target genomic loci in insertional mutagenesis screens.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.31 no.6_1
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• pp.471-481
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• 2013

Recently, the frequency of debris flow disaster has increased, which is one of the natural disasters during extremely heavy rainfall condition. This paper described the analysis method about deposition characteristics of debris flow using topographic characteristics of debris flow path. First, we observed topographic changes by differencing high- resolution LiDAR DEMs acquired before and after the occurrence of debris flow event. We assumed that deposition on outside of debris flow path was generated by movements due to the inertia of debris flows. Then, we analyzed three topographic characteristics of debris flow path: slope in flow direction, transition angle of flow path, and the net efficiency(L/H) of debris flows defined by the ratio of transport length(L) and elevation difference(H). We applied this method to Umyeon Mountain debris flow event in July 2011. The results showed that deposition on outside of debris flow path due to the inertia of debris flows was significantly related to the transition angle of debris flow path. Also, we figured out that there were more frequent such depositions in locations where the ratio of 'transition angle / (L/H)' is over 8.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.47-61
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• 2007

In SCM (supply chain management), companies are pursuing a new approach through which overall functions within the supply chain, ranging from material purchase to production, distribution, and sales are designed, planned, and managed in an integrated way. The core functions among them are production planning and distribution planning. As these problems are mutually related, they should be dealt with simultaneously in an integrated manner. SCM is large-scale and multi-stage problems. Also, its various kinds of internal or external factors can, at any time, dynamically bring a change to the existing plan or situation. Recently, many enterprises are moving toward an open architecture for integrating their activities with their suppliers, customers and other partners within the supply chain. Agent-based technology provides an effective approach in such environments. Multi-agent systems have been proven suitable to represent domains such as supply chain networks which involve interactions among manufacturing organization, their customers, suppliers, etc. with different individual goals and propriety information. In this paper, we propose a multi-agent system based on the genetic algorithm that make it possible to integrate the production and distribution planning on a real-time basis in SCM. The proposed genetic algorithm produced near optimal solution and we checked that there is a great difference in the results between integrated planning and non-integrated planning.

• Journal of Information Technology and Architecture
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.427-439
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• 2014

Introduction of new information systems due to continuous progress of ICT has made the enterprise IT environment into a mixed pot of various IT resources. Rapidly changing business situation has emphasized the integration of organizational IT resources as one of key competitive advantages. Those distributed IT resources are now demanding to solve the problems not only on their own effective management but also on security and control issues against unauthorized infiltration and information leakages. Under the situation that the number of IT resources is constantly increasing, it is needed to study a management model and its implementation that integrally solves above all problems. In this paper, it is revealed that a directory service can be used to integrally manage distributed IT resources and a directory service based system model for distributed IT resource management is suggested. By implementing an HR solution over active directory service, it is demonstrated that our integrated management model for distributed resources is applicable to real business cases. It is expected that for small and medium sized enterprises with limited IT investments, directory service based IT resource management system can be a cost-effective solution for increasing security threats and lack of governance.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.144-155
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• 1996

During the 1990s the workplace has grown more complex and business competition has increased world-wide. All organizations, whether for-profit or non-profit have been forced to respond to market changes. More advanced information and technology, greater product diversity, shorter product life cycles, increased quality requirements, more regulation oversight, decreasing productivity, more competitors, and increasing overhead costs have motivated organizations to focus on ways to deliver products cheaper, better, and faster. Many organizations are searching for ways to reduce costs through downsizing, reengineering business processes, implementing quality management, outsourcing, and improving cost management. Support departments that provide services internal to an organization such as human resources, legal, and environmental, safety, and health (ES&H) are often the first organization targeted for cost reduction and cost control initiatives because these functions are part of a rapidly increasing overhead cost. Recently, ES&H functions are incresingly being integrated into the business of business to contribute value to organization beyond mere compliance with ES&H regulations. The discussions and development of the ISO compatible Environmental Management Standards or Occupational Safety and Health Management Standards is another impetus to integrate ES&H function into the business of business. Thus, ES&H professional need new skills to analyze the cost of their function and communicate the value of the products and services they provide. In recent years, the need for and the importance developing cost management and business skills by ES&H professionals have been emphasized in the literature. Communicating with decision makers in terms of cost and value to the organization, and by using business language and business arguments is the first step toward effectively integrating ES&H activities into the business of business. Activity-based costing (ABC) is a cost management method that measures the cost of a product or service based on the actual use of resources by activities, and based on the actual amount of activities used to produce a product or service. ABC is recommended as a tool for managers of ES&H organizations to determine the cost of developing and providing ES&H products within a for-profit firm or non-profit agency. This paper discusses the trend of integration of ES&H functions into the mainstream of business activities within an organization. The general principles of treditional cost accounting are presented as a bases for understandging why and how ABC will provide more accurate estimates of cost. The principles and concepts of ABS are presented as a tool for determining more accurately the true cost of ES&H products and services.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.02a
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• pp.176-177
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• 2013

Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) have attracted the attention of scientists and engineers involved in a wide area of research, microscopy, diagnostics and sensing. SPPs are waves that propagate along the surface of a conductor, usually metals. These are essentially light waves that are trapped on the surface because of their interaction with the free electrons of conductor. In this interaction, the free electrons respond collectively by oscillating in resonance with the light wave. The resonant interaction between the surface charge oscillation and the electromagnetic field of the light constitutes the SPPs and gives rise to its unique properties. In this papers, we studied theoretical and experimental extraordinary transmittance (T) and reflectance (R) of 2 dimensional metal hole array (2D-MHA) on GaAs in consideration of the diffraction orders. The 2d-MHAs was fabricated using ultra-violet photolithography, electron-beam evaporation and standard lift-off process with pitches ranging from 1.8 to $3.2{\mu}m$ and diameter of half of pitch, and was deposited 5-nm thick layer of titanium (Ti) as an adhesion layer and 50-nm thick layer of gold (Au) on the semiinsulating GaAs substrate. We employed both the commercial software (CST Microwave Studio: Computer Simulation Technology GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany) based on a finite integration technique (FIT) and a rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA) to calculate transmittance and reflectance. The transmittance was measured at a normal incident, and the reflectance was measured at variable incident angle of range between $30^{\circ}{\sim}80^{\circ}$ with a Nicolet Fourier transmission infrared (FTIR) spectrometer with a KBr beam splitter and a MCT detector. For MHAs of pitch (P), the peaks ${\lambda}$ max in the normal incidence transmittance spectra can be indentified approximately from SP dispersion relation, that is frequency-dependent SP wave vector (ksp). Shown in Fig. 1 is the transmission of P=2.2 um sample at normal incidence. We attribute the observation to be a result of FTIR system may be able to collect the transmitted light with higher diffraction order than 0th order. This is confirmed by calculations: for the MHAs, diffraction efficiency in (0, 0) diffracted orders is lower than in the (${\pm}x$, ${\pm}y$) diffracted orders. To further investigate the result, we calculated the angular dependent transmission of P=2.2 um sample (Fig. 2). The incident angle varies from 30o to 70o with a 10o increment. We also found the splitting character on reflectance measurement. The splitting effect is considered a results of SPPs assisted diffraction process by oblique incidence.