• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.187-191
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• 2000

A validation study was conducted to determine the efficacy of solvent/Detergent (S/D) inactivation and Q-Sepharose column chromatographic removal of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) during the manufacturing of a high purity antihemopilic factor VIII (GreenMono) from human plasma. S/D treatment using the organic solvent, tri (n-butyl) phosphate, and the detergent, Trition X-100, was a robust and effective step in eliminating HIV-1. The HIV-1 titer was reduced from an initial titer of 8.3 log10 TCID50 to undetectable levels within one minute of S/D treatment, HIV-1 was effectively partitioned form factor VIII during Q-Sepharose column chromatography with the log reduction factor of 4.1 . These results strongly assure the safety of GreenMono From HIV.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.193-215
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• 2014

This study investigated organizational changes in technical services of university libraries and analysed librarians' perception on the changes of technical service department by the survey to 32 technical service librarians. It also identified several factors that have changed work environment of technical departments such as the shared cataloging and outsourcing, and electronic resources in various formats and creation of metadata for these resources. Most librarians agreed that university libraries have to foster technical librarians' professioanal development to cope with emerging changes of technical services. They also recognized that the integration of traditional cataloging and metadata management is an important issue of orgranizational changes. Contrary to librarians' perception, technical service librarians were not fully awared of the procedure of metadata related works in other departments. Furthermore metadata creation and management were also conducted in several departments of libraries without proper control.

• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.144-151
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• 2010

Ubiquitous computing which is providing various convenient services to user will prevail in future. To realize ubiquitous service, analyzing technical and information factors for service implementation is necessary. This paper defines ubiquitous service model to satisfy user demands and we analyze technical and information factors in order to realize services. Based on the factors, we extracts and classifies common compositions of ubiquitous services to suggest guidelines of service design.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.288-295
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• 2008

The increase use of natural gas as an energy source has been continuous demand for ever-increasing strength in gas transmission pipeline materials in order to achieve safe and economic transportation of natural gas. In particular, linepipe material for sour gas service primarily needs to have crack resistant property. However, applications of sour linepipes are expanding toward deep water or cold region, which require higher toughness and/or heavier wall thickness as well as higher strength. To improve the crack resistance of linepipe steel in sour environment, low alloy steel are produced by controlled rolling subsequently followed by the accelerated cooling process. This paper summarizes the design concepts for controlling crack resistant property low alloy linepipe steels for sour gas service.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Industrial Systems Conference
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• 2008.10b
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• pp.316-321
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• 2008

In the present emerging global economy, as the focus is shifted from manufacturing to service sector, the efficiency of service operations is crucial for the county's sustainable growth and development. As one of the fastest growing service sector industries in South Korea, the call center has become an inevitable part of customer service for most companies. Despite of the strategic importance of the call center, there has been no empirical study on the efficiency of call center service operations in the literature. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the technical efficiency of call center services so as to not only identify the current status of call center service operations, but also suggest ways to improve service operations efficiency. For this purpose, we apply a non-parametric efficiency measurement method, DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis), to domestic call centers in order to compare their relative efficiency. Based on DEA evaluations, we provided specific directions for the inefficient call centers to possibly improve their operation efficiencies. It is expected that the measurement methods suggested in this study can be applied to various issues such as service KS certification, service operations management, and the productivity analysis of service personnel.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.524-546
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• 2019

Product-service systems (PSS), integrating physical products and services, currently play a crucial role in sustainable economies. In addition to the highly competitive global economy, the emergence of new digital paradigms is supporting the shift toward servitization. Although the great potential of such paradigms is recognized by both practice and research, their implications for PSS are not yet clear. In particular, features of Internet of Things (IoT), such as total connectedness and ubiquity of smart sensors and actuators, provide various new opportunities for PSS. This study explores such opportunities by conducting structured literature review and 13 interviews. We organize the findings in two folds: First, we introduce four degrees of IoT involvement in PSS business models and elaborate the opportunities that they create for different types of PSS. Second, we present the key technologies and approaches that IoT provides concerning PSS lifecycle management.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.93-97
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• 1983

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.67-73
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• 2001

A validation study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and mechanism of the cryo-precipitation, monoclonal anti-FVIIIc antibody (mAb) chromatography, Q-Sepharose chromatography, and lyophilization steps involved in the manufacture of high purity factor VIII (GreenMono) from human plasma, in the removal and/or inactivation of hepatitis A virus (HAV). Samples from the relevant stages of the production process were spiked with HAV and subjected to scale-down processes mimicking the manufacture of the high purity factor VIII concentrate. Samples were collected at each step and immediately titrated using a 50% tissue culture infectious dose (TCID$\_$50/) and then the virus reduction factors were evaluated. HAV was effectively partitioned from factor VⅢ during cryo-precipitation with the log reduction factor of 3.2. The mAb chromatography was the most effective step far removal of HAV with the log reduction factor of $\geq$4.3. HAV infectivity was not detected in the fraction of factor VⅢ, while most of HAV infectivity was recovered in the fractions of flow through and wash during mAb chromatography. Q-Sepharose chromatography showed the lowest efficacy for partitioning HAV with the log reduction factor of 0.7. Lyophilization was an effective step in inactivating HAV with the log reduction factor of 2.3. The cumulative lag reduction factor, $\geq$10.5, achieved for tile entire manufacturing process was several magnitudes greater than the potential HAV load of current plasma pools.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.619-627
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• 2001

n order to increase the virus safety of a human intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) that was manufactured by a successive process of cold ethanol fractionation, polyethylene glycol precipitation, and pasteurization ($60^{\circ}C$ heat treatment for 10h), a low pH incubation process (pH 3.9 at $25{\circ}C$ for 14 days) was employed as the final step. The efficacy and mechanism of the fraction III cold ethanol fractionation, pasteurization, and low pH treatment steps in the removal and/or inactivation of blood-borne viruses were closely examined. A variety of experimental model viruses for human pathogenic viruses, including the Bovine herpes virus (BHV), Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV), Murine encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV), and Porcine parvovirus (PPV), were selected for this study. The mechanism of reduction for the enveloped viruses (BHV and BVDV) during fraction III fractionation was both inactivation and partitioning, however, it was partitioning in the case of the nonenveloped viruses (EMCV and PPV). The log reduction factors achieved during fraction III fractionation were ${\geqq}$6.7 for BHV, ${\geqq}4.7$ for BVDV, 4.5 for EMCV, and 4.4 for PPV. Pasteurization was found to be a robust and effective step in inactivating all the viruses tested. The log reduction factors achieved during the pasteurization process were ${\geqq}7.5$ for BHV, ${\geqq}4.8$ for BVDV, 3.0 for EMCV, and 3.3 for PPV. A low pH incubation was very effective in inactivating the enveloped viruses as well as EMCV. The log reduction factors achieved during low pH incubation were ${\geqq}7.4$ for BHV, ${\geqq}3.9$ for BVDV, 5.2 for EMCV, and 2.0 for PPV. These results indicate that the low pH treatment successfully improved the viral safety of the final products.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.87-100
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• 2001

This study purpose to investigate the information needs of researcher necessary for portal service development in the science and technical library analyze the present status of information service and present the fundamental data. We collected the question survey targeted to member of science and technical library and the statistics data about information service and analyzed it for study method. The result of this study indicates that researchers in science field use mostly their library Web homepage for obtaining necessary information and use meta search service frequently And they consented the necessity of Academic information co-ownership activity and intended to join this activity.