• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.99-102
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• 1985

Substituent effects of substrate and nucleophile for the reaction of substituted phenacyl tosylates with pyridines were determined conductometrically in acetonitrile. Activation parameters for these reactions were also calculated. The substituent effects in nucleophile were increased with electron-donating power of pyridines and Br${\o}$nsted linear relationship was shown. Rate constant was increased by both electron-donating and electron-attracting groups in the substrate. It seems that dissociative S$_{N}$2 ("loose" transition state) mechanism is operating in the case of electron-donating substituents while associative S$_{N}$2 ("tight" transition state) mechanism is operative in the case of electron-attracting substituents.

• Research in Mathematical Education
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.29-47
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to examine what factors affect the construction of preservice white mathematics teachers' racial identities and the relationship between their racial identities and Culturally Relevant Teaching (CRT) practices. We examined five white female preservice teachers who enrolled in an elementary mathematics methods course at a private university in the US. We collected data consisting of lesson plans, semi-structured interviews, and reflection of a taught lesson in the 2018 fall term and examined them using qualitative research methods. We found that preservice teachers' racial identities were affected by their backgrounds, K-12 school experiences, and practicum school environment. We also found a relationship between teachers' sensitivity to racial issues and their endorsement of CRT strategies. The findings also revealed that the relationships were mediated by practicum school contexts. Based on the findings, we provided practical implications for the teacher education programs.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.280-284
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• 1985

Kinetic measurements of the 5-nitrofurfural-hydrazine reaction in various pH ranges of aquous solution were carried out by ultraviolet spectrophotometry at $25^{\circ},\;35^{\circ}\;and\;45^{\circ}C$. The observed rate of the reaction varies with the change in pH, which gives characteristic "bell-type" rate acidity profile. The maximum rate is shown in the vicinity of pH 4. This reaction procceds with rate-determining attack of hydrazine on the 5-nitrofurfural at low pH and undergoes a change in rate-determining step to dehydration of the addition intermediate as pH increases. The reaction has a "reactant-like transition state" which precedes intermediate in low pH and "product-like transition state" which follows it in neutral pH. The geometry of 5-nitrofurfural-hydrazine intermediate was estimated with PCILO method associated with CNDO/2 scheme.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.163-166
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• 1986

A new paraffin salt bridge was developed for the concentration cell in high pressure system. The emf values of the concentration cells were measured to calculate the activity coefficients of the electrolytic ions depending upon the pressure of the system. The activity coefficients of sodium, chloride and bromide ions increase with the temperature of the cell and decreased, nearly half at 2500 bars, $20^{\circ}C$, with the pressure. These results can be explained to be attributed to the volume change of the hydrated ion due to the electrostriction. The volume change decreased with pressure due to an increase in the degree of the hydration.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.71-90
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• 2022

Objective: This study examined the experiences of pre-service Early Childhood teachers who participated in major-associated autonomous club activities. Methods: Participants were 31 students of the Department of Child Care at A University located in Gyeonggi-do, who participated in a major-associated autonomous music club activity. A content analysis was conducted to examine the meaning of the participation experience of pre-service Early Childhood teachers. Qualitative content analysis was the best method to analyze the meaning of their experience while participating in the activities. Results: The meaning of the experience of music club activities was organized into three categories: "enjoying abundant college life," "growing as a competent childcare teacher," and "being a responsible member of a community." Conclusion/Implications: The results show that pre-service Early Childhood teacher's participation in the activities of major-associated autonomous clubs has a positive impact on desirable changes in college life and adaptation to the department and on the growth of future professional Early Childhood teachers.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.361-367
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• 2019

This exploratory study investigated the real time adaptability of industry training for college professors. For this study, the researcher whose college's professor in the department of early childhood education used collaborative action research. This research was conducted in a class of five year old children of a daycare center in D city. The researcher and the homeroom teacher interacted with each other through 4 steps during the researcher's training period. The first step was group formation between the researcher and the teacher. The second step was problem identification. The third step was a review of the literature. The forth step was problem-solving. The researcher and teacher finally developed a rhythm movement program that was based on fundamental motor performance of young children. Through this collaborative effort, the researcher and teacher had the opportunity to improve their professionalism. Especially, the researcher improved her understanding and knowledge of teaching young kids. The result of this study is meaningful in that it provided basic data to improve training of college professors.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.67-77
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to develop and validate a general-purpose evaluation tool and to analyze their applicability in problem solving programming education for college students of teacher training college. For this purpose, we have redefined the area of computational thinking and detail elements from the viewpoint of problem solving programming, and developed general-purpose computational thinking scale to evaluate them. The reliability and validity were analyzed by applying the evaluation tool developed for the actual college students of teacher training college. Through this study, it was confirmed that the a general-purpose evaluation tool developed in this study can be used as a tool to computational thinking assessment and can be generalized.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.275-300
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• 2012

This study is to investigate the meaning of pre-service educare teachers' leadership experience about program development. The participants were 41 juniors in college, majoring in Child Welfare. They attended an 'infant & young childhood educare program development and evaluation' class for 15 weeks. During the given period they made documents from reflective journals and 5 participants among them were interviewed individually. Analyzing the documents sheds light on the meaning of the pre-service educare teahcers' experience. The results are as follows. First, pre-service educare teachers got a deeper understanding and attachment about communities. Second, they did a critical analysis about well-known home and abroad educare programs. Third, they had a opportunity of reflection about their education philosophy and competences. Forth, they experienced diverse leadership that is needed from educare teacher. The results showed the implications and suggestions about pre-service teacher education for educare teacher's curriculum leadership development.

• School Mathematics
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.405-427
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• 2013

In this study, we have accomplished content area reading activities for pre-service teachers since 2003. These activities were guided each year to students of the college of education. We proceeded our content area reading activities by four courses. Four courses consisted of reading the book, discussion of reading, announcement of the results, reminding announcement. After content area reading activities, the pre-service teachers have learned naturally the knowledge and ideas that will help in teaching mathematics. And they have shared and expand their knowledge and ideas with colleagues. Moreover the pre-service teachers came to realize that content area reading is very important in pre-service mathematics teacher education. In the study, it was suggested that there is a need to provide opportunities to experience the content area reading for pre-service teachers in mathematics teacher education.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.239-252
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• 2014

This study aimed to identify the influence of a nutrition teacher's servant leadership on cooks' empowerment and organizational commitment in school organization. For this purpose, this study selected 288 cooks working in elementary, middle and high schools located in Daegu city, and conducted a survey toward them. The collected data were analyzed with the frequency analysis, the reliability verification, the correlation test, and the multi-regression analysis. As the results testing the hypotheses, the following 3 hypotheses were chosen as valid ones. First hypothesis: A nutrition teacher's servant leadership will positively(+) influence on cooks' empowerment. Second hypothesis: A nutrition teacher's servant leadership will positively(+) influence on cooks' organizational commitment. Third hypothesis: A cook's servant empowerment will positively(+) influence on his/her organizational commitment. Therefore, nutrition teachers should exercise their servant leadership so that cooks can be responsible for the quality of school meals and perform their work on the basis of autonomy and creativity. In order to perform the role of a servant leader, nutrition teachers will need to continually get various educational, training programs for enhancing their servant leadership.