• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.311-322
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• 2020

This study aims to examine curvilinearly moderating effects of task interdependence on the relationship between demographic faultlines and group performance. It posits that the degree of task interdependence has an impact on the effects of demographic faultlines. It was conducted in six organizations in Korea, their industries including heavy industries, hospital, construction, petrochemical, fine chemicals, and system integration. The survey was distributed to 1330 individuals in 162 teams and 1082 individuals in 137 teams responded to the questionnaire. To test the hypotheses including nonlinear interactions, we conducted a hierarchical regression analysis to the survey data from 82 groups within six firms in Korea. The results show that for groups that experience a high level of task interdependence, the slope for the regression of demographic faultlines on group performance is comparatively low and, at the low level of task interdependence, insignificant. However, at intermediate levels of task interdependence, the association was strongly negative and significant. This study finds that the negative relationship between demographic faultlines and group performance is stronger when task interdependence is moderate than when task interdependence is high or low. Therefore, managers should pay attention to optimal group design by carefully assigning tasks in diverse and divided groups.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.383-387
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of a simultaneous dual-task and horse-riding simulator (HRS) training regime on pulmonary function and flexibility. Methods: Sixteen subjects were recruited and randomly allocated to two groups: a dual-task (DT) (n=8) or a single-task (ST) (n=8) training group. Flexibility and pulmonary function were assessed before and after HRS training. Both groups underwent HRS training for 4 weeks, 3 times/week in 15-minute training sessions. The ST group underwent HRS training and the DT group underwent dual-task HRS training, which consisted of throwing and catching a ball and ring catching while HRS training. Results: Training significantly increased flexibility and FVC (forced vital capacity) and FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in 1 second) in both groups (p<0.05), but FEV1/FVC and PEF (peak expiratory flow) were not significantly different after training in both groups (p>0.05). After the training, flexibility and FVC in the DT group were significantly greater than in the ST group (p<0.05), but FEV1, FEV1/FVC, and PEF were not significantly different (p>0.05). Conclusion: Simultaneous dual-task and HRS motor training improved flexibility, FVC, and FEV1, and our comparative analysis suggests that dual-task HRS training improved flexibility and FVC more than single-task training.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.17-29
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to find out the effects of depression on older adults' metamemory and memory performances. The subjects of the study consisted of 103 older adults over the age of 60 who are living in Kangwon Province. Some data were collected by means of the interview method, using questionnaires for metamemory (MIA questionnaire by Hultsch, et al., 1988), and depression(GDS by Yesavage and Sheikl, 1986). Other data were collected by a testing method on the memory performance, such as the immediate word recall task, the delayed word recall task, the word recognition task(Elderly Verbal Learning Test by Kyung Mi Choi, 1998), and the face recognition task(Face Recognition Task tool developed by this study). The results of this study were as follows: 1) The average point of depressed older persons' metamemory is 3.2 on a 5 point scale and was significantly lower than nondepressed older persons' point of 3.6. Looking into each sub-concept of metamemory, depressed persons' points are higher in terms of task(4.1), but are lower in terms of change(2.3), locus(2.6), and strategy(2.9) in comparison with nondepressed persons' points. 2) Depressed older persons' memory performances are all significantly lower than nondepressed person's, especially in terms of face recognition task(t=7.26, p<.0082) and word recognition task(t=6.58, p<.01). 3) In both depressed and nondepressed persons, metamemory has a close correlation with all memory tasks. In particular, depressed older persons' correlation is higher across the board, especially in memory self-efficacy of metamemory(r=.36 - .49) in comparison with nondepressed persons. 4) According to the results of analysis on the relations between metamemory and memory performances of each memory task using canonical analysis, in the case of depressed older persons, strategy, locus, capability and task have high correlation with word recognition task and delayed word recall task. Also in the case of nondepressed persons, achievement, strategy, change and locus variable have high correlation with face recognition task and immediate word recall task. As mentioned above, depression variables have a negative effect on older persons' metamemory and memory performance. In conclusion, when we care for depressed older persons with less memory ability, we have to consider the outcomes of this study are relevant. In addition, it is necessary to develop nursing intervention in order to prevent memory loss and improve memory performance in depressed older persons.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.7-15
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to clarify the role of decoupling between job characteristics, innovation behavior, and innovation resistance in order to seek ways for companies to survive and grow continuously through innovation activities in various uncertain situations. Research design, data and methodology: A total of 263 valid questionnaires were collected and used for analysis for employees working at the company. For the analysis, simple and multiple regression analysis, and 3-step mediated regression analysis were conducted using SPSS 24.0 and AMOS 24.0. Results: First, it was found that skill variety, task identity, autonomy, and feedback increase decoupling, and decoupling increases innovation resistance. In addition, it was confirmed that decoupling had a mediating effect between job characteristics and innovation resistance excluding task significance. Finally, it was found that task significance and feedback increase innovation behavior, and decoupling and task identity increase innovation resistance, but feedback can alleviate innovation resistance. Conclusions: As a result of the analysis, the fact that job characteristics excluding task importance have a positive effect on decoupling means that there are two sides of job characteristics perceived by employees. In other words, it means that the results of analysis on the jobs that the company assigns to its members may not be effective. In addition, decoupling, a phenomenon that seems to be accepting on the outside, but perceives that it is negative on the inside, means that there is a possibility to reject innovation. Therefore, prior to carrying out innovation activities, companies should give clear job specifications and meanings for the job and give them autonomy when assigning jobs to their members. In order to provide appropriate feedback, the company must design, operate, and provide feedback. It was found that there was a need to review the overall effectiveness. In addition, efforts such as strengthening corporate-level fairness, maintaining psychological contracts, and realizing authentic leadership should be preceded to reduce decoupling.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.10 no.10
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• pp.855-868
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• 2004

There are several types of singularities in controlling robotic manipulators: kinematic singularity, algorithmic singularity, semi-kinematic singularity, semi-algorithmic singularity, and representation singularity. The kinematic and algorithmic singularities have been investigated intensively because they are not predictable or difficult to avoid. The problem with these singularities is an unnecessary performance reduction in non-singular region and the difficulty in performance tuning. Tn this paper, we propose a method of avoiding kinematic and algorithmic singularities by applying a task reconstruction approach while maximizing the task performance by calculating singularity measures. The proposed method is implemented by removing the component approaching the singularity calculated by using singularity measure in real time. The outstanding feature of the proposed task reconstruction method (TR-method) is that it is based on a local task reconstruction as opposed to the local joint reconstruction of many other approaches. And, this method has dynamic task priority assignment feature which ensures the system stability under singular regions owing to the change of task priority. The TR-method enables us to increase the task controller gain to improve the task performance whereas this increase can destabilize the system for the conventional algorithms in real experiments. In addition, the physical meaning of tuning parameters is very straightforward. Hence, we can maximize task performance even near the singular region while simultaneously obtaining the singularity-free motion. The advantage of the proposed method is experimentally tested by using the 7-dof spatial manipulator, and the result shows that the new method improves the performance several times over the existing algorithms.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.40 no.11
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• pp.119-130
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• 2002

This study investigated preschool children's script knowledge according to task situation and socioeconomic status. Subjects were seventy-eight 5-year-old children (38 low- and 40 middle-income children; 36 boys and 42 girls) recruited from three day-care centers in Seoul. Each child participated in the script knowledge assessment session. Assessment of script knowledge consisted of a picture-recognition and picture-sequencing task. Statistical methods used for data analysis were means, standard deviations, repeated measures ANOVA. Results showed that children's script knowledge scores were higher in familiar task situation than in unfamiliar task situation. Furthermore, middle-income children had higher scores of script knowledge than low-income children. Findings of this study indicate that there is the difference of script knowledge between low- and middle-income preschoolers.

• Educational Technology International
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.189-213
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• 2013

The study was conducted to find out the interaction between learning styles, and types of task on satisfaction and achievement in Chinese learning on Facebook. 44 students from D University in Seoul, Korea finished the questionnaires. To measure the participants' learning styles and satisfaction, the learning style instrument and satisfaction instrument were used. The data received were analyzed to find out the interaction between learning styles, and types of task on satisfaction and achievement. Through the analysis, the study suggests that, in the SNS environment for learning, instructors should focus on more on types of tasks than learning styles. Learning styles are important, however, for new pedagogy for one new learning environment, types of task are definitely more important than learning styles. Depending on the study results, the instructors should pay more attention to types of task, and they should also use different strategies to facilitate the contents of tasks to improve achievement and satisfaction in an SNS environment.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.450-464
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• 2023

To address the problems of large system overhead and low timeliness when dealing with task scheduling in mobile edge cloud computing, a task scheduling and resource management strategy for edge cloud computing based on an improved genetic algorithm was proposed. First, a user task scheduling system model based on edge cloud computing was constructed using the Shannon theorem, including calculation, communication, and network models. In addition, a multi-objective optimization model, including delay and energy consumption, was constructed to minimize the sum of two weights. Finally, the selection, crossover, and mutation operations of the genetic algorithm were improved using the best reservation selection algorithm and normal distribution crossover operator. Furthermore, an improved legacy algorithm was selected to deal with the multi-objective problem and acquire the optimal solution, that is, the best computing task scheduling scheme. The experimental analysis of the proposed strategy based on the MATLAB simulation platform shows that its energy loss does not exceed 50 J, and the time delay is 23.2 ms, which are better than those of other comparison strategies.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.87-104
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• 2001

This study was conducted as a part of the project developing the standards of national board test for the dietitian's licence. The purpose of this study was to define the job description of dietitians, and to describe the task elements based on the detailed analysis of the dietitians' work. This study team established the research team which was composed of food and nutrition experts, 7 of registered dietitians and 3 of university professors. Draft job description form was made to fully explain the dietitians' task elements, process and sequence by the research team. Final job description form was confirmed after the validity of 576 task elements was reevaluated upon 4 point scale test based on the frequency, importance, and difficulty by 21 field registered dietitian by the study team. It was also confirmed by the university. This form was formated by following DACUM method which analyzed the job description containing duty, task and task elements. It was organized to include every dietitians' work and to describe the every detailed process of work. Duty was defined as the specific and independent work as a dietitian, and was composed of 17 parts, i.e 10 parts in food supply management area and 6 parts in nutritional care service area and self promotion area. Duties were also divided into 99 tasks containing the 576 detailed task elements to describe definite action, steps and decisions. Seventeen parts are following; menu planning, storage and inventory control, food production, meal service, waste management, sanitation, equipment and facility management, human resource management, financial management, nutrition assessment of life cycle, nutritional assessment of several disease, nutritional assessment in specific condition, medical nutrition therapy, nutritional education, public health nutrition and self promotion. If these protocols are properly performed and presented, they can provide the likelihood that dietetics professionals work as a primary contributors in promoting health care and preventing disease nationally.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.57-64
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• 2014

This study has a purpose mainly to analyze the team interaction change by the duration of time in the Capstone-Design activities according to MBTI Modes. Study objects are four students of Mechanical Engineering at School of Engineering in C University located in Daejeon, and the team interaction change was analyzed through IPA (Interaction Process Analysis) method. From the result, first, ESTP showed the change of increase in interaction by the time duration of initial, mid, late periods in 'social-emotional area: positive' and 'task area: question', and the change of decrease by the same time duration of periods in 'task area: solution'. Also, there was no change in 'social-emotional area: negative' because there was no interaction. Second, ESFJ showed the change of decrease in interaction by the time duration of initial, mid, late periods in 'social-emotional area: positive' and 'task area: question', and the change of increase by the same time duration of periods in 'task area: solution' and 'social-emotional area: negative'. Third, ISTJ showed the change of decrease in interaction by the time duration of initial, mid, late periods in 'social-emotional area: positive', 'task area: question' and 'social-emotional area: negative', and the change of increase by the same time duration of periods in 'task area: solution'. Fourth, ENFP showed the change of decrease by the time duration of initial, mid, late periods in 'social-emotional area: positive', 'task area: solution' and 'social-emotional area: negative', and the change of increase by the same time duration of periods in 'task area: question'.