• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.25-38
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• 1996

As the proportion of women's participation in economic activities is rising, the increase of husband and wife both working and nuclear families makes children up-bringing a social problem. But many families have difficulties by the shortage of day nurseries which can solve it. As we can see in the research, the most urgent problem is the extension of nurseries in quantity. In Taegu, since it became a wide-area city, there are 473 nurseries. But in the respect of distribution, only less than 10% of Dongs have more than 7 nurseries and more than 90% of Dongs have less than 7 nurseries. Consequently nurseries are extremely insufficient. Moreover 29 Dongs don't have any nurseries at all and they take 18.6% of Dongs. The second problem is the unbalanced distribution of nurseries. West and north ward which are industrial complex and swarmed with low-income families, and Tal-sung county which is recently included in the wide-area city keenly need the establishment of nurseries. Besides, Bi-san 1 Dong and Non-gong which have only $1{\sim}2$ nurseries though they have high proportion of children and women who can be pregnant are also the areas which take precedence of nursery establishment. The third problem is that government support must be increased in the areas which have many small, petty and profit-making private nurseries so that good quality teachers can make breeding activities in nice facilities and environment. In materials which are obtained by the interviews with publich servants in charge of family welfare in some ward offices. Young and unexperienced persons who aquired certificate of qualification take day-nursery permits and run nurseries only a few months. and if the profits are insufficient, they sell the nurseries for premiums to third persons who are not qualified. Then the third managers only think of profits without thought of good quality childcare. As the result, the nurseries become asylums not nurseries. That is why the conditions of nursery establishment must be restricted to suitable scale and experienced persons. The fourth problem is that the nurseries in work places are extremely insufficient. The women who have jobs have many things to do before they go to work such as preparing meals and leaving children in the care of someone. Hence the childcare problem of working women must be solved. In nuclear families, childcare is the most serious problem for working women. The fifth one is the reduction of childcare expenses. Women must sacrifice themselves a lot to make social activities. To say nothing of physical and mental burden, they have to spend much of their salaries on childcare. And yet they don't take the benefit of good quality childcare. For the participation of women in public affairs, society must support the childcare problem to have then be devoted to their jobs without worries about their children. Therefore Taegu wide-area city must select west, north ward which are industrial complex and the low-income swarmed area before everything and establish many national, public and corporate nurseries which cost less expenses.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.3
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• pp.31-39
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• 1964

The authors studied on the bionomics of the Florida wax scale, Ceroplastes floridensis Comstock and bionomics of two kind of parasites which attack on this Florida wax scale in 1963 to 1964. 1. Ceroplastes floridensis Comstock was heavily infested on the persimmon tree planted in the southern part of Korea, specially at the center of Taegu city. Parasitic ratio of important parasite of Ceroplastes floridensis Comstock, Microterys clauseni was $66.67\%$ and appeared low parasited ratio at the center of the city. 2. The developed eggs of the Ceroplastes floridensis Comstock was appear며 from mid-May to early July. The peak of it was late-May to early June. Average stored eggs inside of a body is 2030. $2030.77\pm0.49.$. 3. The hatching period of the Ceroplastes floridensis Comstock begins from early June to early July. Mid-June was the peak period of it. Pupation period of the male was August 14 to September 7 and adult was emerged on August 20 to September 8. Mean longevity for adult male was 3 days in August but 4 days in September. 4. On the differences of the body- length parasited on the three host plants, persimmon, platanus, and trifoliate orange, the body length parasited on the persimmon was the largest, medium on platanus and the smallest on the trifoliate orange. 5. Microterys clauseni H. Compere parasite on tile Ceroplastes floridensis Comstock with 5 generations in a year. Hibernate in the body of the host as tan·at stage. The first adult appears in middle April. Fifteen days was required for one generation in $21^{\circ}$. The authors observed on the form ovary, female with 6 ovarioles, and mean number of eggs per female was $47.19\pm0.55$. 6. On the parasited individuals of the Microterys clauseni H. Compere a larva was the most numerous and was found 2 individuals or 4 individuals parasite on the one Ceroplastes floridensis Comstock. 7. Coccophagus app. parasited on the only male body of the Ceroplastes floridensis Comstock. The parasitic ratio was $14.831\%$ on persimmon tree in Taegu city.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.105-110
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• 1983

A survey on vegetables, which consisted of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) , young radish (Raphanus sapiwus), and chinese cabbage (Brassica pekinensis) collected from 6 markets in the Taegu city, was conducted for the discovery of helminth eggs and larvae, from July, 1982 to June, 1983. The results were compared with the data obtained from vegetables collected at the same markets by Lee (1969) and Choi and Lee (1972). Both sides of vegetable leaves were washed carefully with a hard brush, and the species of parasites and the mean number of parasites per 200g of vegetable were determined. When vegetable were examined, 4 species of parasite eggs (ascarid, Trichostrongylus, liver fluke, and hookworms) and 2 larvae (filariform and rhabditoid larvae) were found. Of the parasite discovered, ascarid egg was found to be highest (4.2%) , followed by hookworm egg (3.6%) . The mean number of ascarid egg per 200 grams of vegetable was 0.6 in young radishes, and 0.3 in both lettuces and and chinese cabbages. Similarly, the number of filariform larva of hookworm was 0.4 in young radishes, 0.3 in lettuces, and 0.1 in chinese cabbages, and the number of rhabditoid larva was 0.2 in young radishes, 0.1 in lettuces, and 0.05 in chinese cabbages. In the results obtained by Lee (1969) and Choi and Lee (1972) , the mean number of ascarid egg per 200 grams of vegetable was 7.5 in young radishes, 3.1 in lettuces, and 0.5 in chinese cabbages. By contrast, in the present study it was 0.6 in young radishes an 0.3 in both lettuces and chinese cabbages. These results suggest that there has been significant reduction in the incidence of parasite egg and larva on vegetable leaves during the past 10 years.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.65-82
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to find out how well the middle school students are practicing the health promotion behaviors and the factors relating their health promotion behavior. Questionnaire survey on 922 middle school students attending 6 middle schools (three middle schools for each sex) located in Taegu City from the 7th through 19th of Feb. 2000 were conducted. The following were as follows; 1. The perceived health status is higher in male students than in female students(p〈0.01). And the ratio of the students' feeling that they are healthy becomes also high in proportion to their economic status, and their mothers' educational level, and their parents' interest in health(p〈0.01). The perceived importance of health is high in proportion to the students' economic status, and their parent's interest in health. 2. In case of the Health Locus of Control in Personality, the students with both parents have higher trend of inner control than the students with single mother or single father. The perceived self efficacy is significantly higher in male students than in female students(p〈0.01). And it becomes significantly high in-proportion to the students' economic status and their parents' educational level and interest in health(p〈0.01). It is also higher in the students who had no diseases. 3. In case of the perceived benefit of the health promotion behavior, the ratio of the students responding that it is high is higher in male students than in female students(p〈0.01). It also becomes high in proportion to the students' economic status, and their parent's educational level and interest in health(p〈0.01). The barriers of the health promotion behavior was found to have no variables that are related to itself. 4. According to the data from Multiple Regression of Analysis which has the health promotion behavior practice as a subordinate variable, in male students' case the degree of health promotion behavior practice becomes high in proportion to their parents' interest in health, and the perceived health status. Their degree of health promotion behavior practice is also in proportion to their perceived self efficacy and the perceived benefit of the health promotion behavior practice. But in case of the barriers of the health promotion behavior practice, the result is the opposite. As to the female students, their health behavior practice becomes high in proportion to their parents' interest in health. It also becomes high in proportion to the perceived health status, the understanding of the importance of the health, the perceived self efficacy and the perceived benefit of the health promotion behavior. But in case of the barriers of the health promotion behavior, it was the same as the male students' case.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.376-386
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to determine the physiological responses and the Subjective sensations of the human subjects when 10 human subjects(5 males and 5 females) were tested with selected ensembles, including the uniforms of students, industrial and bank workers. For the study, garment material and design were selected, which was mostly used in Taegu area by the survey. Thermal manikin and the human subject tests were performed. The results were as follows: 1. There was no significant difference among skin temperature of head by season and among that of breast and back by all variables, however, there was a significant difference among that of belly by gender and that of thigh and shank by season. In addition, there was no significant difference among rectal temperature by gender and season, but there was a significant difference by uniform. 2. Mean skin temperature of male subjects was significantly higher than that of female subjects. Specially in lower environmental condition, the difference got larger. 3. There was a significant difference among purse rate of subjects by uniform, but there was no significant difference among those by gender and season. There were no significant difference among maximum and minimum blood pressure by gender, uniform, and season. 4. There was a significant difference in temperature of chest among gender and uniform, and there was no significant difference in temperature of back by season. In addition, There was a significant difference in humidity of back by uniform and season but there were no significant difference in that by gender. 5. There was a significant difference in humidity sensation by gender, comfort sensation by uniform and season, but there was no significant difference thermal sensation by uniform and season. 6. For the result of regression analysis, we got the regression equations as follows: Clo=1.810 Thickness+0.525, Clo=0.475 weight+0.863.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.290-304
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• 1988

To evaluate the food habits of middle school students a survey was made by the method of questionaire on 820 middle school students consisted of 370 boys and 450 girls in Taegu city area. The results obtained are summarized as follows; Cookies, fruits, fruit juice and ice cream are their favorite eatings between meals in the decreasing order, And the eatings between meals are more frequent In girls and in the students from financially better homes and from the parents of higher education. More than half of the students have regular or irregular intake of additional vitamin tablets while about 22 percents of them skip their breakfast almost everyday. About 24% of the students hardly pay attention to the relationship between their nutritional condition and their meals. More than seventy percents of the students are taking the instant foods as one of their favorite dishes. The food intake score showed large variation($0{\sim}14$). In general the girls marked higher score than the boys. The students from financially better homes and the students from the parents of higher education marked higher scores. From the 5 scale preference test it was shown that fruits the most favored eatings of the students while the fish and crab scored the lowest mark.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.69-77
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• 2000

In retrieving and analyzing digital map information using mouse or key strokes, it needs several times of repeated mouse operation for designating the range of study area. In this study, we proposed a voice activated map information retrieval system for eliminating such repetitions and we realized the system on the personal computer. The system was constructed in two ways - traditional OLE(object linking embedding) method and MFC(Microsoft fundamental class) method in controlling of window display for practical use. In the system performance evaluation, the retrieval data for digital map were consisted of 68 words uttered by 3 male persons which include attribute words and control words for Susung-gu area of Taegu city in a 1:5,000 map. As the results, we obtained the average 98.02% of recognition rate through on-line tests in the office environment and the operating speed of 5.39 seconds by OLE, 10.38 seconds by MFC. These results showed the possibility for practical use of information retrieval system using speech recognition in digital map.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.185-190
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• 2000

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the difference of Lumbar Lordosis Angle(LLA) between patients with Low Back Pain(LBP) and control groups. Methods: Questionnaires were completed by 40 adult LBP patients seeking physical therapy services and by 40 controls at the Department of Physical Therapy. Saejong Neurosurgical Clinic in Taegu city from October 1999 to March 2000. LLA was measured on lateral x-ray films in a standing position. The angle between a line parallel to the top of the first Lumbar(L1) and the top of the fifth Lumbar(L5) was defined LLA. Results: LLA of $29.88^{\circ}$ for LBP patients was a statistically significant decrease from that of $35.31^{\circ}$ for controls in the difference of lumbar lordosis(p<0.01). There were statistically significant differences between senders in patient groups. Females$(32.32^{\circ})$ had significantly greater angles than males$(27.32^{\circ})$(p<0.05), while $36.63^{\curc}$ for female was also greater than $34.12^{\circ}$ for male in the controls. No significant difference was found between age. In patient groups, $27.95^{\circ}$ for below age 40 was a smaller than $32.32^{\circ}$ for above, however, $35.82^{\circ}$ for below age 40 was a little greater than $34.27^{\circ}$ for above in controls. Patients in a sitting posture had greater LLA$(31.35^{\circ}$ than those standing$(28.93^{\circ})$, however values for controls were similar to each other. Conclusion: Results from this study indicate that distinct differences exist among patients and controls and gender, whereas little difference exists in age and working posture.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.79-87
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• 1990

Using Zung's self-rating depression scale, the authors studied depression in 310 elderlies residing in the 9 home for the aged (HFA) in Kyungbuk area, and 234 elderlies living in Taegu city and 107 elderlies attending a Life-long education program in Taegu, which serve as a control group, Community resident elderlies(CRE). The research had been administered during the period from June to August, 1986. The results were as follows : 1. The mean scores of male. female. and the total of the elderlies in HFA were $38.95{\pm}11.55$, $44.18{\pm}14.15$:: and $42.8{\pm}13.7$ respectively while CRE marked $40.8{\pm}11.3$ for male, $45.2{\pm}12.0$ for female, and $43.4{\pm}11.9$ for the total. Therefore there were significant differences between male and female in both groups(p<0.01, p<0.001), though no significant difference between the two groups. However, the depression score of elderlies in HFA might be much higher than that of CRE if 81 elderlies(14.2%) in HFA who had been left out of the statistical evaluation due to their having severe depression, organic brain syndrom, or pseudoementia, etc had been included. 2. The score distribution by items for the elderlies in HFA were from highest scores hopelessness, worthlessness, emptiness, decreased appetite, confusion, while for CRE, hopelessness, decreased appetite, psychomotor retardation, indecisiveness, and worthlessness. Elderlies in HFA showed significantly high scores in depressed mood, weight loss, suicidal rumination(ideation) and psychomotor excitement, while CRE showed significantly high scores in decreased appetite, psychomotor retardation, indecisiveness, and dissatisfaction. 3. Elderlies who scored over 50 numbered 10 males(16%), 57 females(34%), and total of 67(29%) in HFA and 28 males(21%), 77 females(37%), and total of 105(31%) in CRE : female showed higher seores in both groups. 4. Psychosocial factors such as getting older(respectively p<0.01, p<0.01), being Buddhist(respectively p<0.01, p<0.01), and monthly pocket money less than \30,000(respectively p<0.001, p<0.001) were found to have a noticable impact on the depression level of the elderlies in both groups. Factors such as illiteracy (p<0.001, monthly pocket money less than \10,000(p<0.05), and having no family(p<0.01) recorded significantly higher scores among CRE than the elderlies in HFA.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.170-178
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• 1990

The aim of the study was to investigate prevalence of obesity among housewives residing in apartments in Taegu city and any relationship of obesity with various factors. Hundred three housewives aged 30-49 years living in apartments (over 30 pyung) were interviewed for socio-economic status, food habit, food intake by a convenient questionnaire, and daily activity by the 24-hour recall. Their weight, height and triceps skinfold thickness were measured. The results were summarized as follows: 1) The percentages of subjects and their spouses with college and higher education were as much as 53.6% and 83.5%, respectively. The commonest family size was four members with two children. 2) The percentages of subjects classified as underweight, normal, overweight, and obesity according to relative body weight(RBW) were 4.9, 44.7, 24.3 and 26.2, respectively. Twenty four percent belonged to obese group according to body mass index(BMI$\geq$25). 3) Food habit score was 12.4 points in average and judged 'good'. The average of daily energy intake was 2247㎉ which corresponded to 112% of RDA and intakes of nutrients except iron exceeded RDA. The means of food habit score and energy intake were not significantly different among 4 groups. 4) Multiple regression analysis was tested to explain a relationship between fatness and various factors. The equation, BMI=25.216+(0.836$\times$family size)-(0.309$\times$education, years)-(0.00503$\times$household work time, minutes), indicates that fatness of housewives was related with family size(+), educational level(-) and household work time(-). These relationships were statistically significant(p<0.001) and R2 (coefficient of determination) was 0.237.