• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.87-102
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to propose an analytical framework for the essential contents that must be included in a climate change education program for elementary school students based on community issues, which can be used by citizen instructors in the community. To develop the analytical framework, 24 climate environmental education specialists were consulted seven times. The content validity of the final analysis framework was statistically verified using I-CVI and S-CVI coefficients, and the reliability of the expert panel was verified using Fleiss' Kappa coefficient. The final analysis framework consists of three analytical areas (program objectives, program content, program evaluation), seven analysis items, seven analysis indicators, and detailed explanations of the analysis indicators. In particular, by adding detailed explanations for the analysis indicators, the content validity and reliability were increased, and the objective nature of the analysis framework was firmly established. It is expected that the proposed analytical framework for a community-based climate change education program for elementary school students in this study will contribute to the systematic development of the program by citizen instructors.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.258-271
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• 2019

Recent changes in inter-Korean relations have encouraged South Korean archaeologists' interest in northern cultural heritage and their desire to conduct research. However, it is doubtful how much the South Korea really knows about the cultural ruins in North Korea and the cultural ruins to be found in the DMZ. In Korea, research data on the Japanese colonial period is scattered amongst national institutions and it is not possible to to collect, identify and document the data available in each institution. Typically, the data of Keiichi Ogawa(小川敬吉) is difficult to understand in its printed from. In addition, Ogawa has collected data from several national government agencies, and work is underway to collect architectural data and construct digital archives. This situation will not occur if we publish the data collected so far in digital form. Therefore, there is an urgent need to fully disclose the data related to Cheolwon which is owned by national institutions. If this data is analyzed, sufficient archaeological information can be obtained without excavation. On the other hand, one must wonder if the whole landscape of Cheolwon castle of Taebongguk cand be understood by investigating the interior of Cheolwon castle. This effort should be preceded by a survey on the ruins and the remains of the southern part of the southern boundary line. Rapid development and large-scale arrangement of cultivated land are likely to make it difficult to restore the external landscape related to the tillage demand that is required by the current situation. In the process of restoration of the actual Gyeongwon Line, it has been confirmed that serious irregularity has caused damage and the landscape has been transformed. In order to minimize these risks, it is urgent that we investigate the relics scattered in the southern part of the country, and not devote ourselves to the investigation of Cheolwon. In this regard, how much military, roads, excavation and archaeologists are prepared, centered on Cheolwon and scenery is an important question. I am curious as to how much preparation is provided to the Chulwon-gun and Gangwon-do in terms of administrative assistance, and how much archaeologists and excavation agencies are aware of the archaeological information of the inside and the southern part of the DMZ. Furthermore, how long have people been aware of the archaeological remains on the North Korean side? In order for da iscussion on Cheolwon and scenery to progress, it is necessary to carry out a precise investigation and accumulation of data on the remains in South Korea.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.60 no.2
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• pp.146-152
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• 2015

Early-maturing Korean Japonica cultivars and Jungmo1024 were used as plant materials to evaluate hightemperature tolerance during grain filling stage. National Institute of Crop Science (NICS) in Korea developed Jungmo1024, a mutant line from Namil (wild type) treated by using sodium azide (SA) as mutagen. To evaluate high-temperature tolerance, all cultivars were exposed to high-temperature (day $31.5{\pm}2.5^{\circ}C$/ night $27.5{\pm}1.3^{\circ}C$) and ordinary temperature (day $27.5{\pm}1.8^{\circ}C$/ night $24.7{\pm}1.6^{\circ}C$) during grain filling stage. In these conditions, we performed compared evaluation of grain shape such as length and width and grain quality by using a 1625 Cervitec grain inspector. High-temperature during grain filling stage caused decrease of grain shape. In grain shape such as length and width, the decrease rate of width (average 6.3%) was higher than the decrease rate of length (average 1.3%). Hence, high-temperature affected width of grain than length of grain. In addition, high-temperature showed a decided difference in rate of head rice between ordinary temperature (average 76.3%) and high-temperature (average 13.3%).As a result, Taebong, Ungwang, Manan, and Jungmo1024 seemed relatively a decent high-temperature tolerance than other cultivars. Especially, Jungmo1024 seemed remarkable rate of head rice (average $34.4{\pm}6.2%$) than other cultivars under high-temperature. It is considered that a genetic trait of Jungmo1024 can be useful to improve breeding for high-temperature tolerance.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.147-161
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• 2020

In order to help elementary students understand the astronomical unit in depth, this study applied backward design 2.0 to check the effect on students' science academic achievement, performance evaluation, and science class satisfaction. As a result of the study, there was no statistically significant difference in the science achievement test, but the average score of the experimental group has improved. As a result of the performance evaluation test, there was a statistically significant difference because the feedback was well provided through the process-focused assessment and it helped in-depth understanding. As a result of the science class satisfaction test, there was a statistically significant difference in the areas of science curriculum and peer relation except for the science teacher area. This is because a differentiated science curriculum was designed through analysis of achievement standards, and various teaching methods of student-centered were implemented to reach achievement standards. We hope this study will focus on the impact of backward design 2.0 on learners in elementary science classes and help find ways to effectively apply backward design 2.0 in the field.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.74-89
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to develop a concept test tool for seasonal change with reliability and validity, and to objectively observe and analyze sub-concepts and misconceptions related to the concept of seasonal change to explain the relationship between variables. The development process of the conceptual change concept inspection tool consisted of the development of the inspection tool development plan, the development of the inspection tool draft, the modification of the preliminary inspection and inspection tools, the development of the final inspection tool, and the implementation of this inspection. The developed test tool can be used to provide students with appropriate learning and help by examining students' degree of seasonal change concept formation and analyzing the cause of the difficulty in concept formation. As a result of regression analysis of 198 students in 6th grade using the developed test tool, it was found that the understanding of pre-learning concept and correction of misconception had a statistically significant effect on the concept learned in the seasonal change unit, and misconception had greater effect. Correction of misconceptions had a significant effect on students above the average score among the two sections created and cut based on the average score, and on the students below the average score, the understanding of pre-learning concept had a significant effect.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.163-175
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to propose a method for analyzing suitable achievement standards for the nature of science curriculum. This can be done by introducing various analysis methods, as well as using practical examples to analyze the achievement standards that are the starting point for teaching and learning in the 2015 revised curriculum. In this paper, three methods are shown: ① the method suggested by the Gyeonggido Office of Education, ② the method using understanding verbs of backward design, ③ the method using Bloom's revised taxonomy. In addition, we propose a method to analyze the achievement standards of science curriculum utilizing the characteristics of science curriculum. This method takes advantage of the above three analysis methods. After separating the content and performance verbs, subdividing the performance verbs into the performance verbs of six aspects of understanding and restatement of the achievement standards, the restatement of achievement standards enabled the analysis of in-depth achievement standards by linking to a process-focused assessment plan considering the level of thinking by utilizing the two-dimensional framework of Bloom's revised taxonomy. Through this study, I hope that elementary school teachers will develop meaningful teaching and learning methods that utilize the essence of the subject through in-depth analysis of the achievement standards of science as a subject.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.159-169
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• 2020

Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (Pcc) causes bacterial soft rot on a wide range of crops worldwide, especially in countries with warm and humid climates. This study was conducted to establish an efficient screening method for resistant cultivars of Chinese cabbage to bacterial soft rot. Resistance degrees of 65 commercial Chinese cabbage cultivars to the Pcc KACC 10225 isolate were investigated. For further study, three Chinse cabbage cultivars (Taebong, Hadaejangkun, CR Alchan) showing different level of resistance to the bacterium were selected. The development of bacterial soft rot on the cultivars was tested according to several conditions such as growth stage of Chinse cabbage seedling, inoculum concentration, and incubation temperature after inoculation. On the basis of the results, we suggest that an efficient screening method for resistant Chinses cabbage to Pcc is to inoculate twenty one-day-old seedlings with a bacterial suspension of Pcc at a concentration of 1×10⁷ cfu/ml, and to incubate the plants in a dew chamber at 25℃ for 24 hr and then to cultivate in a growth room at 25℃ and 80% relative humidity with 12-hr light per day.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.593-606
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• 2015

This study was intended to develop Korean Environmental Sustainable City Index (ESCI) so that local governments can examine and identify urban environment issues and then come up with a policy to improve the environment and urban biodiversity for cities. Green City Index (GCI), Environmental Performance Index (EPI), and City Biodiversity Index (CBI) which have used worldwide were analyzed. Based on the result of analysis, evaluation indicators of ESCI were finally a total of 20 indicators under four categories, which are native biodiversity, living environment, ecosystem services, and governance and management. Then, five cities with biotope mapping and evaluation index were selected to apply ESCI for evaluation. In order to apply ESCI, local governments need to accumulate basic data. There should be a policy which requires local governments to build data for biotope mapping so that the rate of natural area, ecological network and permeable land surface can be evaluated. Indicators must be applied to be compliant with scale of the city and level of data building gradually.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.14
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• pp.449-464
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• 2007

The Guard might focus on a king's personal safety in the wake of the system of the Silla and Taebong dynasties until the establishment of the Goryeo Dynasty's unique political system. The purpose of this research is to examine gob characteristics and organizational effectiveness of security guard on martial arts of security service guard. The subjects of this study are private guard as working security companies of Seoul and Kyongi area and 250 persons. It was a method of questionnaire for this study and used a questionnaire developed by Hackman and Oldham(1976) for gob characteristics and used a questionnaire developed by Tymon(1988) for organizational effectiveness that translated and modified from Kim, Ilsoon and measured by 5 point likert. It used to analyze the data for one-way ANOVA and multiple regression analysis. There are conclusions of this study. First, there was a partially difference on god characteristics and organizational effectiveness of population statistical character. Depending on sex, 'female' group was high, depending on the age, '46 year-old+ group' was high, depending on the educational level, 'bachelor group' was high, depending on the income, '400manwon+ group' was high. Second, it becomes positive result to the period, the frequency and the intensity of security martial arts practice. Third, it happened that gob characteristics is increase and organizational effectiveness is also positive way.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.19-28
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• 2014

Recently, the proportion of long tunnel has increased for efficient use of land due to limited land area, driving convenience and high speed. RMR and Q-System of empirical methods has been mainly used for tunnel support design in domestic. Although shotcrete is the key to NATM tunnel, the related studies are insufficient. So, steel fiber reinforced shotcrete is applied to II~V grade rocks on domestic and foreign applications. And same amount of shotcrete is equally applied to tunnel roof and wall regardless of the applied rock load. Shotcrete is applied excessively rather than the original proposed value of RMR and Q-System. Thus, this study is to reevaluate the application part of plain shotcrete and steel fiber reinforced shotcrete of tunnel in Daebo granite, and to propose the reasonable application method of steel fiber reinforced shotcrete. Field test and numerical back analysis using measurements were performed to verify stability. According to results, if RMR values are the upper class in the III grade, it can be designed in accordance with upper grade. In addition, if rock condition is good as a mountain tunnel in Daebo granite, it can be applied for plain shotcrete to III grade rocks because there is also no stability problems. And although steel fiber reinforced shotcrete is applied only crown of the tunnel in IV grade rocks, it is possible to secure stability for falling rock by key-block.