• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.12 no.9
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• pp.381-386
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• 2023

Many existing test case generation researchers extract test cases from models. However, research on generating test cases from natural language requirements is required in practice. For this purpose, the combination of natural language analysis and requirements engineering is very necessary. However, Requirements analysis written in Korean is difficult due to the diverse meaning of sentence expressions. We research test case generation through natural language requirement definition analysis, C3Tree model, cause-effect graph, and decision table steps as one of the test case generation methods from Korean natural requirements. As an intermediate step, this paper generates test cases from C3Tree model-based decision tables using meta-modeling. This method has the advantage of being able to easily maintain the model-to-model and model-to-text transformation processes by modifying only the transformation rules. If an existing model is modified or a new model is added, only the model transformation rules can be maintained without changing the program algorithm. As a result of the evaluation, all combinations for the decision table were automatically generated as test cases.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.849-864
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• 2022

In case of a specific sector being divided into sub-sectors, this study presents a process for estimating an input-output table, which is frequently used as basic data in fields of energy and environment economics. RAS method, which is universally used for this case, requires information on production, intermediate input sum, and intermediate demand sum for each sector in the new table. But in many cases, it is difficult to secure information on intermediate demand sum by sector. This study suggests a process for estimating a new input-output table without using information of intermediate demand sum in the case of sector separation, under the assumption that information of production value and intermediate input sum by sector are available. The key idea is that the values of many elements in the input-output table after disaggregation are the same as those in the table before disaggregation and that the sum of the elements after disaggregation, equals the values of the elements before disaggregation. The process of estimating the intemediate transaction matrix or the input coefficient matrix is presented by using these information instead of intermediate demand sum information. A small-scale simulation shows that the average error rate of the process proposed in this study is about 11.23% in estimating input coefficients, which is smaller than the 11.30% estimation error of RAS using the information of intermediate demand sum. However, since it is known in the literature that using additional information does not always improve estimation performance compared to not using it, additional research on various simulations is needed to apply the method of this study to reality.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.76
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• pp.5-37
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• 2023

This study aimed to design an evaluation system applicable to permanent record management institutions, focusing on the Seoul Archives, in order to implement the reevaluation of permanent record management institutions. As a process for this, an area for evaluating evidence, administrative, and historical values was established and detailed evaluation factors were derived. In order to effectively apply the set evaluation factors, the evaluation procedure was designed by dividing them into three stages. In the first stage of law-based evaluation, long-term preservation was determined by identifying the position and legal form of policymakers that can be immediately evaluated according to clear standards. Records that have not been determined for long-term preservation were reorganized into evaluation factors, such as record management standards, official document classification tables, pledges, and policies, which are the second stage of business function-based evaluation, and then comprehensively applied to review the validity of long-term preservation of held records. In the second stage of evaluation, records that were not judged as long-term preservation were judged by applying historical events, cultural assets, and collection policies in the subject-based evaluation stage, which is the third stage of evaluation. The designed evaluation system can find significance in minimizing the arbitrariness reflected in the evaluation and increasing the efficiency of the evaluation, and it has been confirmed that it is possible to evaluate comprehensively reflecting the various contexts and values of the records. In addition, a re-evaluation system suitable for permanent records management institutions was established by combining balanced macro-evaluation and micro-evaluation.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.183-193
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• 2009

Both On-Line Analytical Processing (OLAF) data cubes and Statistical Databases (SDBs) deal with multidimensional data sets. and both are concerned with statistical summarizations over the dimensions of the data sets. However, there is a distinction between the two that can be made. While SDBs are usually derived from other base data, OLAF data cubes often represent directly the base data. In other word, the base data of SDBs are the macro-data, whereas the core cubiod data in OLAF data cubes are the micro-data. The base table in OLAF is used to populate the data cube with values of the measure attribute, and each record in the base tables is used to populate a cell of the core cuboid. The fact that OLAF data cubes mostly represent the micro-data may make some records be absent in the base table. Some cells of the core cuboid remain empty, if corresponding records are absent in the base table. Wang and others proposed a method for securing OLAF data cubes against privacy breaches. They assert that the proposed method does not depend on specific types of aggregation functions. In this paper, however, it is found that their assertion on aggregate functions is wrong whenever any cell of the core cuboid remains empty. The objective of this study is to design an inference control process in OLAF data cubes which rectifying Wang's error.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.187-194
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• 2023

This study identified how users of Gwanghwamun Square perceive the space and derived the spatial attributes of Gwanghwamun Square. There are four spatial attributes of Gwanghwamun Square: preservation of the historical environment, beauty of the surrounding landscape, suitability as a resting place, and activation of recreation. The first attribute, preservation of the historical environment, refers to the spaces that reflect the unique characteristics of Gwanghwamun Square and resonate with culture, including the Blue House, Bukaksan Mountain, Gyeongbok Palace, Yukjo Street, King Sejong, and Yi Sun-sin. The second attribute, beauty of the surrounding landscape, is related to the provision of abundant greenery and natural environment without disturbing the surrounding landscape, and includes landscape, sky, and greenery. The third attribute, suitability as a resting place, refers to various landscape facilities and services to enhance visitor comfort, including tables, chairs, shade, planters, rest areas, and fountains. Finally, recreational activation. This is the provision of various experiences, including exhibitions, performances, experiences, and sightseeing. Utilizing the attributes of Gwanghwamun Plaza derived from this study, it will provide important implications for the reconstruction of Gwanghwamun Plaza if future studies on valuation and estimation of Gwanghwamun Plaza are conducted to verify the differences in preferences by type.

• Industry Promotion Research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.111-117
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• 2023

Sampling inspection methods for quality control have been proposed a lot in the industry. However, the sampling inspection method for reliability, which is a quality over time, has been relatively less presented, and there are not many literatures that are clearly summarized. Therefore, this paper focuses on the reliability conformity test to verify that the reliability evaluation scale value of the target is satisfied during the reliability test. To this end, first, we look at the conditions that both consumers and producers can satisfy in terms of the OC curve and find out what sampling methods satisfy the desired level of producer risk and consumer risk. Next, two methods of the reliability sampling methods such as attribute and variable reliability sampling methods are examined. Specifically, the attribute reliability sampling method is a form of sampling plan where n samples are tested for a certain period of T hours and the lot is accepted if the number of failures is less than or equal to a certain number c. On the other hand, the variable reliability sampling method is a form of sampling plan where the lot is accepted if the reliability evaluation scale such as MTBF satisfies a certain standard. Both sampling plans may also use inspection tables.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.122-144
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• 2023

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of herbal medicine treatment in patients with cold urticaria. Methods : We searched randomized controlled trials(RCTs) reporting the effects of herbal medicine for cold urticaria through domestic and international databases from their inception to September 2023. The results were summarized in tables. We assessed the risk of bias in included RCTs through Cochrane risk of bias tool and the data synthesis was conducted through RevMan version 5.4. Results : A total of 12 RCTs were included in this review and all trials compared herbal medicine alone treatment(treatment group) with western medicine alone treatment(control group). The total effective rate(TER) of treatment group was statistically higher than that of control group(RR: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.38 to 1.62, p<0.00001, I²=65%). On the other hand, when comparing except for 1 trial with different evaluation period, the TER of treatment group was statistically higher than that of control group and heterogeneity was very low(RR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.26 to 1.47, p<0.00001, I²=0%). And when comparing 8 trials using the total symptom score(TSS) change index as an indicator of TER, the TER of treatment group was statistically higher than that of control group and heterogeneity was very low(RR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.26 to 1.51, p<0.00001, I²=0%). The treatment group showed more statistically significant decrease compared to the control group in TSS(MD: -2.51, 95% CI: -2.63 to -2.40, p<0.00001, I²=99%). The relapse rate of treatment group was statistically lower than that of control group(RR: 0.19, 95% CI: 0.10 to 0.40, p<0.00001, I²=0%). Mild adverse events such as sleepiness, dizziness were reported in control group and gastric discomfort was reported in treatment group. In the risk of bias assessment, many cases were evaluated as 'Unclear risk'. Conclusions : This review found that herbal medicine alone treatment could more effective and safe than western medicine alone treatment for cold urticaria. But further well-designed researches are needed because of heterogeneity between trials and the quality of the included trials.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.77-95
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• 2023

The regional infrastructure industries of Gwangyang City, the subject of this study, are Gwangyang Port and Gwangyang Steel Mill. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the regional economic ripple effects of the port logistics industry in Gwangyang City. In this study, a multi-stage approach using the RW and the LQ methodology using the national input-output tables in 2015 and 2019 is used to prepare the regional interindustry analysis chart in Gwangyang City, and an exogenous demand induction model that reclassified the port logistics industry was applied. Through this, the purpose of this study was to provide policy implications by figuring out the regional economic ripple effects of the port logistics industry quantitatively in Gwangyang City. As a result of the analysis, the industries with high production inducement effect and forward/backward linkage effect of the port logistics industry in Gwangyang City were analyzed as manufacturing, transportation, land and air logistics sectors. And the industries in which the added value inducement effect and the employment inducement effect were analyzed as an industry related to the service industry. Therefore, it is necessary to prepare support measures to foster the port logistics industry as a way to promote these industries and revitalize the local economy of Gwangyang City. To this end, it is desirable to improve policies and systems for the vitalization of the Gwangyang port maritime cluster and provide various policy support for the port logistics industry in Gwangyang City. This study is meaningful in suggesting policy implications for the regional economy of Gwangyang City based on the results of exogenous analysis of the port logistics industry in small and medium-sized cities. However, It seems that further studies related to this will be needed in the future.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.113-136
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• 2023

Purpose - Global production chains and their impacts on economic growth have drawn extensive attention from researchers. Close relationships among global production chains, export and economic growth have been illuminated, as evidenced by the fast and stable economic growth of East Asian economies. These economies perform various roles within global production chains using offshoring, in which the impact of import on domestic gross output is as strong as that of export. The impact of import on economic growth would depend on whether imported inputs substitute or complement domestic inputs production, which is likely to vary according to individual countries' functions within global production chains. The economic growth of concerned countries would also be diverse. However, little attention has been paid to the impact brought by imports compared to its significance. Design/methodology - The principal methodology used in this paper is structural decomposition analysis (SDA), widely chosen to elucidate the impact of various factors on domestic gross output using input-output tables. This paper extracts trade data of six Asian economies from the World Input-Output Database (WIOD) 2016 release that covers 43 countries for the period 2000-2014. The extracted data is then categorised into 37 sectors. First, this paper calculates the Feenstra-Hanson Offshoring Index (OSI) of each country. It then applies SDA to measure the changes in each economy's gross output, export, import input coefficients, and domestic input coefficients. Finally, after taking the first difference from pooled time-series data, it estimates the correlations between imported input coefficients and OSI using the ordinary least square (OLS) method. Findings - The main findings of this paper can be summarised as follows. Firstly, all six countries have increasingly engaged in global production chains, as evidenced by the growing size of OSI. Secondly, there are negative correlations in five countries except Japan, with sectoral differences. Thirdly, changes in import input coefficients are not negative in all six countries, indicating that offshoring does not necessarily substitute for domestic inputs production but does complement it and, therefore, fosters their economic growth. This is observed in China, Indonesia, Korea and Taiwan. Offshoring has led to an increase in the use of imported inputs, which has, in turn, stimulated domestic inputs production in these countries. Originality/value - While existing studies focus on the role of export in evaluating the impact of participating global production chains, this paper explicitly examines the unexplored impact of import on domestic gross output by considering both the substitution and the complementary effect, using the WIOD. The findings of this paper suggest that Asian economies have achieved fast and stable economic growth not only through successful export management but also through effective import management within global production chains. This paper recommends that the Korean government and enterprises carefully choose offshoring strategies to minimise disruption to domestic production chains or foster them.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.60 no.5
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• pp.375-387
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• 2023

The subsea power cables are increasingly important for harvesting renewable energies as we develop offshore wind farms located at a long distance from shore. Particularly, the continuous flexural motion of inter-array dynamic power cable of floating offshore wind turbine causes tremendous fatigue damages on the cable. As the subsea power cable consists of the helical structures with various components unlike a mooring line and a steel pipe riser, the fatigue analysis of the cables should be performed using special procedures that consider stick/slip phenomenon. This phenomenon occurs between inner helically wound components when they are tensioned or compressed by environmental loads and the floater motions. In particular, Vortex-induced vibration (VIV) can be generated by currents and have significant impacts on the fatigue life of the cable. In this study, the procedure for VIV fatigue analysis of the dynamic power cable has been established. Additionally, the respective roles of programs employed and required inputs and outputs are explained in detail. Demonstrations of case studies are provided under severely sheared currents to investigate the influences on amplitude variations of dynamic power cables caused by the excitation of high mode numbers. Finally, sensitivity studies have been performed to compare dynamic cable design parameters, specifically, structural damping ratio, higher order harmonics, and lift coefficients tables. In the future, one of the fundamental assumptions to assess the VIV response will be examined in detail, namely a narrow-banded Gaussian process derived from the VIV amplitudes. Although this approach is consistent with current industry standards, the level of consistency and the potential errors between the Gaussian process and the fatigue damage generated from deterministic time-domain results are to be confirmed to verify VIV fatigue analysis procedure for slender marine structures.