• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.73-78
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• 2017

In this study, the risk level of architectural works was calculated by applying work period and number of input workers based on accidents records from 2012 to 2014 and the architectural works were divided into four groups(High-High, High-Low, Low-High, Low-Low) according to risk levels of fatal accidents and loss time accidents. And then questionnaire on the job stress level of workers was performed for 670 workers working in the architectural work using Korean Occupational Stress Questionnaire Form developed by KOSHA. And then the relationship between the risk level and job stress level of four groups was analyzed. Results showed that 1) risk levels of fatal and loss time accidents applied by work period and input workers were analyzed to be different with those of previous research based on the number of fatal and loss time accidents; 2) job stress level of workers has been analyzed to have a significant relationship with the risk level of fatal and loss time accident; 3) specially, the average of job stress level of 'HH(High-High)' group was higher than those of other groups; 4) among the subfactors of job stress, interpersonal conflict, job insecurity, organizational system and lack of reward were analyzed to be key factors to affect the risk level.

• Strategy21
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• s.38
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• pp.163-192
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• 2015

This study is intended for the Maritime Boundaries(Baseline) of the Unified Korea. According to the international law, North-Korea is recognized as a nation. Then with unification, the state succession will be a very important issue. Thus we should seek for the expected problems and counter-measures, by analyzing of the State-succession. There is a conflict of the positive or negative reaction about the state succession. However, in general, 'the principle of continuity' has been applied for at the national border treaty, regardless of the type of State succession. This can be found on Article 11 & 12 of the 「1978 Vienna Convention on Succession of States in Respect of Treaties」, Article 62, paragraph 2 of the 「1969 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties」, and a series of international case law. Currently it is being understood as customary international law. In summary, although South and North Korea, China, Russia and Japan are not the parties of 「1978 Vienna Convention」, the unified Korea will necessarily have a duty to succeed national boundaries(also, maritime baseline) of North Korea. Specifically, we have an objective and rigorous review of the treaty of maritime baseline that is signed between North Korea and neighboring countries, such as 「National Border Treaty Regime between North Korea and China」 and 「Treaty between the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the Democratic people's Republic of Korea on the Demarcation of the Soviet-Korea National Border」. Also, we analyzed 'Historical Bays' and 'Straight Baseline' system. By this, we are able to occupy a favorable position when renegotiating with neighboring countries, at the point of unification.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.33-47
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• 2020

With population losses and stagnant or depressed economies, the local governments embrace shrinkage and accept having a significantly smaller population. Both the initial and ongoing causes of shrinkage hold dramatic effects on the city and its remaining residents. In this context, vacant land increases as an overabundance of unused infrastructure is demolished and municipalities become burdened with increasing maintenance costs of this land. The result is that vacant land often experiences minimal management relative to social norms and have chance to provide a setting for ecological processes with urban rightsizing strategy. Therefore, urban ecosystems undergo major shifts in structure and function. We need to better understand the possibilities of where and how much of houses and land will be abandoned to assist land planners and policymakers to mitigate conflict between optimal ecological and sociological outcomes. This article, therefore, aims to identify distributional characteristics of vacant houses and lands with case study of Mokpo. The study found and verified affecting factors of vacant houses and lands by type through the use of a Maxent model and spatial data that explained housing choice and preference theory. We can predict the vacancies with the spatial variables such as land price, the population ratio over 65, and the distance from security facility. Based on the analysis, the ways of managing housing and land vacancy for sustainable development and ecological restoration method are discussed.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.1-17
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the roles of expected self-control and expected self-control results in explaining adolescents' Internet addiction. In the study model, expectations of self-control and self-control results directly determine Internet addiction and Internet use time meditates the impacts of expectations of self-control and self-control results on Internet addiction. The study subjects are 1,080 middle and high school students in Busan. Stratified cluster sampling is applied by school type and school year. The response rate is 96%(l,037cases). This study develops the scales of expected self-control and expected self-control results. The scales of Internet addiction are devised by using the concept of functional dependency such as salience, withdrawal symptoms, mood modification, tolerance, relapse, and conflict. For verifying the study model, path analysis and multiple regression models are applied for identifying path significants and evaluating confounding effects of control variables, respectively. Moreover, multi partial F-test is performed for selecting the best regression model. Expected self-control is a significant determinant of Internet addiction and Internet use time that also significantly explains Internet addiction. The total effect of expected self-control towards Internet addiction is -.95. The total effect is comprised with the direct effect (-.71) and the indirect effect(-.24). In this result, the direct effect refers a curative effect since expected self-control directly reduces the level of Internet addiction, and the indirect effect refers a preventive effect because self-control can reduce time of Internet use that is a direct determinant of Internet addiction. In the test of the confounding effects of control variables, there are no confounding effects in the models of multiple regression. It implies a robustness of the study model as regards control variables. In conclusion, improving adolescents' expected self-control can control Internet addiction level. This finding implies that a health promotion program for improving expected self-control can be a cost effective method compared to other approaches.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.232-242
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• 2021

Purpose: This study investigated the occupational status and job stress of visiting nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Participants were 151 visiting nurses working in the public health services in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. The study was conducted using a structured online questionnaire. Results: The average age of the visiting nurses was 49.5 years. A occupational period was 38.4% of the participants had worked for a period of 6-10 years and 34.5% of them had worked for a period of 11 years or more. In terms of employment type, 74.8% had permanent contracts and 13.9% had fixed terms. 93.4% of nurses were working on COVID-19-related work; and 57.6% of them were working more than 50% of their work. Each visiting nurse provided health services for a total of 436.4 cases on average and the per day count was 14.3 cases. The service was provided through home visits or phone consultations. The results of the job stress were relationship conflict (60.92±20.72), job demand (59.05±14.10), job autonomy (57.83±14.63), job instability (45.25±27.37), organizational system (44.97±17.21), workplace culture (42.71±18.00), and inadequate compensation (35.29±18.14). There was a significant difference in job stress according to the proportion of COVID-19 work was 'workplace culture' (p=.023), Job autonomy (p=.053) and Inappropriate compensation(p=.054). Conclusion: In order to provide a stable working environment for visiting nurses and effective public visiting health services during unexpected circumstances, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, it is necessary to promote progressive policies and systemic improvements.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.827-834
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to provide scientific data to support policy making on core area management in national parks, particularly to resolve conflict regarding trail closure, by analyzing the physical characteristics of trails in the Seoraksan and Songnisan National Park on the Baekdudaegan mountains. For the analysis, we surveyed 112 points selected from three sections and one section of closed trails in Seoraksan and Songnisan, respectively (17.1 km in total). The surveyed trails had, on average, trail width of 0.98m, baresoil width of 0.84 m, maximum erosion depth of 11.6cm, and trail slope of 14.2%. Of 53 out of 112 surveyed points (47.3%), we found exposed roots. Only 47 points (42.0%) did not show any type of physical deterioration. The magnitudes of deterioration in the surveyed closed-trail are relatively lower than those in open-trail in other national parks and are similar to those of ridge trails on the Baekdudaegan mountains.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.173-201
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• 2009

As a result of overemphasizing the goods sector in trade structure, Korea does not meet properly the global trend which has the key role of 'trade in services' as the service economy have been expanded. Hereafter, it is easily forecasted that trade in services will be one of the main factors for Korea's competitiveness and engine of growth. Nevertheless, because Korea does not equip the concreteness of governance for trade in services, it is possible that the efficiency deterioration of trade volume, confusion of Korea's trade policy, conflict among trading countries, and discordance between the interested parties may be occurred. This paper analyzes the governance system of Korea for trade in services in order to enhance the competitiveness reflecting the importance of trade in services and to draw some strategies for remodeling the service governance system. It is expected to raise the efficiency of Korea's trade policy by constructing the systematic governance for trade in services, and to remove lots of latent risks during global transactions by improving the imbalance between manufacturing and service part for the development of trade in services in Korea. Analysis revealed itself the result that Korea is weak enough to can not identify the governance system about trade in services. Except 'Extent of Services' article of the Foreign Trade Act, Korea has not prepared the governance system for trade in services so that governance system have been scattered overly or decentralized. Problems about trade in services are not limited to enterprise's side, but extended to all the players including government agency whole, academic world and research institute. Therefore, the governance of trade in services should be strengthened and systematized by making the model law for trade in services(provisional name : Master Law for Trade in Services or Promotion Law for Trade in Services) by formatting type of fundamental law or separate legislation. If the bill legislation does not meet the conditions, the Foreign Trade Act should be totally reformed to Omnibus Trade Act concept including trade in services.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.712-720
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• 2012

Recently, many problems related on shoreline response to spill oil were exposed again on a occasion of M/T Hebei spirit accident even though the weakness on the shoreline response system has been brought up since M/T Sea Prince oil spill accident. Therefore the establishment of shoreline response system that best suits our country is needed through considering the response system of well-developed country. The socioeconomic conflict between the persons concerned on the clean-up endpoints can be sharpened in Korea because the frequency of coastal use of our country is too high compared to other countries. Thus procedural justification, that is, how the clean-up endpoints be established is more important than what type of clean-up endpoints be used. In the present paper, we attempted to suggest a new manner on the decision making system for clean-up endpoints that best suits our country. The decision making system for clean-up endpoints need to be divided into two steps, that is, set-up step of clean-up endpoints criteria and decision step of clean-up endpoints. The decision making organization of local governments play a key role in case of set-up step of clean-up endpoints criteria, while the response command headquarters under Korean coast guard and decision making organization of local governments codecide whether the clean-up endpoints criteria is fits or not.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.133-156
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• 2004

The rapid development of the internet may not have occurred without techniques of linking and framing, which provide users flexible and easy access to other website. These techniques have enabled internet users to navigate the internet efficiently and sort through the products, services and information available on the internet. The Advent of the global information structure and the do-called EC revolution raise countless new issues and questions. There are no limitations regulating the expressions on the cyberspace due to internet's of quality anonymity? diversity? spontaneity. Therefore, the freedom of speech is expanded in both areas of time and space, which was impossible with the old communicating system. Although online technology raises many new legal issues, the law available to help us resolve them, at least today, is largely based on the world as it existed before online commerce became a reality. Thus the challenge is to predict how these new legal issues may be resolved using the current law. As a result of the drastic change of the environment for international trade of which that has taken took place in parallel with the global information technology revolution on a global basis, the scope of issues to be addressed which should be resolved by the conflict of laws principles has been remarkably expanded, and various new issues of an entirely which are quite new in its type and nature have arisen been raised. Further more in addition, the old act prior act was regarded as insufficient in that it lacked rules on international governing law to adjudicate, or international adjudicatory governing law, where as the expectation of the public was that the private international law should function as the basic law of the legal relational encompassing rules on governing law given the increase of It international disputes. for the move the private international law has also attracted more attention from the korean.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.230-244
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• 2020

Background: The objective of the present study was to specifically divide the various work performed by dental hygienists in clinical practice for legal amendments regarding problems associated with conflict between job roles and illegal delegation to establish key basic data for legislation and policy utilization for realization of legal scope of dental hygienists. Methods: The study used work reports drafted based on research methods in the "Second Job Analysis Report on Dental Hygienists" researched by the Korean Health Personnel Licensing Examination Institute in 2012 and "Opinions of Dentists on Actual and Legal Work of Dental Hygienists," a report published by the Korean Dental Hygienists Association. Of these, the study focused on conservation dentistry, pediatric dentistry, prosthodontics, oral and maxillofacial surgery, and dental implant treatment, which make up some of the fields covered by dental hygiene practice, to investigate and analyzed work performed by clinical experience. Results: Analysis of work actually performed in dental practice showed that for work related to 33 items presented in the study methods, the participants responded that they are currently performing such work or are likely to perform such work in the future, although there were differences by year. Investigation by type of workplace showed that dental hygienists working in university hospitals could perform the work presented if they had ≥5 years of dental hygienist experience, whereas dental hygienists working in dental clinics or hospitals could perform simple duties in their first year and performed more diverse duties with greater degree of difficulty after their second to fourth year. Conclusion: The reality that medical assistance during surgical operations and various procedures that is still being performed is no longer legally protected directly contradicts the needs in dental practice, and thus, there is the need to amend laws that are realistic by clearly recognizing the work of dental hygienists.