• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.26-31
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• 2011

The genotypes of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) are important in the carcinogenesis of uterine cervical cancer. Diagnosis of uterine cervical cancer screening has been executed using Papanicolau method (Pap) and HPV DNA Chip method. We researched the interrelation of HPV DNA genotypes in single and multiple infections and analyzed the results of Pap and HPV DNA Chip tests at Gunsan Medical Center (GMC). The correlation analysis was surveyed on collected results from 599 patients who have been tested with both Pap and HPV DNA chip tests from November 2004 to May 2010 at GMC. The inconsistency between Pap and HPV DNA Chip tests was 41.1%. The HPV DNA Chip genotype related with high risk cases were type 16 (13.5%), type 52 (10.5%), type 58 (10.1%), and type 18 (3.4%). Those related with low risk cases were type 70 (8.9%), type 6 (1.7%), type 40 (1.2%), type 11 (1.3%), and other types (14.3%). Among the 195 cases of HPV positive status, 161 cases were associated with single infection; 108 (67.1%) cases were related with high risk genotype; 19 (11.8%) cases were low risk genotype; 31 (21.1%) cases were related with other types. 29 cases were associated with double infections; 23 (79.3%) cases were high risks; 5 (17.2%) cases were mixed high and low risks; 1 (3.5%) case was low risk.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.103-114
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• 2011

This study is to provide basic information on clothing fitness necessary to develop apparel products for Korean companies that want to enter or have already made inroads into the Chinese market. In an effort to serve this purpose, a standard upper torso body model for Chinese women was established by applying the Rohrer Index and Size Designation of Clothes - Women of GB/T 1335.2-1997 to Chinese women in their 20s to determine body types and its characteristics. First, according to the result of applying the Rohrer Index to categorize body types, Type 1 showed the longest vertical body length and a short horizontal length with the lowest degree of flatness. Type 2 was a standard body type with a height of 158.73cm, weight of 53.02kg and the Rohrer Index of 1.32. Type 3 had a thick and flat body shape that had the highest degree of flatness and the shortest vertical length in its upper torso among all three types of body. Second, F-test was conducted on 4 distinctive body types obtained from comparing obesity scores to verify differences in body shapes for different degree of obesity. The test result indicated significant differences in 3 of the 4 body types and showed different structural components for different degree of obesity. Third, the result of comparing correlational distributions of body types and height range, and body types and degree of obesity for all and specified age groups revealed that about 33.30% of the body types appeared in Type2-A followed by 20.18% in Type1-A, 18.40% in Type2-Y and 7.91% in Type1-Y respectively. Body types and degree of obesity for two different age groups were most frequent in Type2-A. For the group of young women in their early 20s appeared the most in Type2-A, Type1-A, Type2-Y and Type 1-Y respectively and young women in late 20s were frequent in the order of Type2-A, Type2-Y, Type1-A and Type1-Y.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.200-213
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• 1993

A model experiment on a midwater rope trawl net which is used in the North Pacific to catch alaska pollack is carried out in the circulating tank to examine the basic efficiency of the net. The prototype is the net used by M/S Hanil(1, 179GT, 2, 700PS), a Korean trawler. The model net was made according to the Tauti's Similarity Law of Fishing Gear in 1/100 scale by considering the condition of the tank. To measure the basic efficiency of the standard model net, the vertical opening and width between some points marked on the net were measured, and the hydrodynamic resistance were determined. Then the constructive conditions of the net were varied as follows and the factors were measured again to compare the efficiency of those nets with that of the standard net(A-1 type) front weight multiplied 1.5 times: A-2 type. buoyancy and depressing force multiplied 1.7 times: A-3 type. front weight multiplied 1.5 times on A-3 type: A-4 type. depressors rigged at ground rope: B type. cod-end stuffed with cashmylon wad: C type. The results obtained can be summarized as follows: 1. The vertical opening at the center of head rope was steeply decreased with the flow velocity increasing and the vertical opening H(m) can be expressed in H=1.2v super(-1.2)(v : flow velocity in m/sec). The width of the net varied a little when the flow velocity was over 0.4m/sec, and the width of net mouth showed about 37% of the distance between the fore tips of net pendant. The shape of net mouth was almost a circle at 0.2m/sec and then steeply flatted elliptically with the flow velocity increasing and the area of mouth S(m super(2)) can be expressed in S=(1.65-2.3v)$\times$10 super(-2). The hydrodynamic resistance of the net increased almost linearly with the flow velocity increasing and the resistance R(kg) can be expressed in R=3.2$\times$d/l$\times$abv. where d/l denotes the mean of d(diameter of netting twine) and l(length of a leg in a mesh) from wing tip to the end of bag-net except cod-end on the side pannel, and a denotes the strectched circumference of the net at the fore end of a meshed part and b the stretched length of the whole net from wing tip to the end of cod-end. 2. In the condition-varied nets, the vertical opening of head rope showed some increase in every type net except the C type, and the increase showed the greatest in the B type by 30~54%, whereas it showed decrease in the C type by 5~10%. Variation of the area of net mouth showed almost the same tendency as the vertical opening and the increase showed the greatest in the B type by 20%, whereas it showed decrease in the C type by 12%. Hydrodynamic resistance showed some increase in every type compared with the standard net, and the rate of increase indicated 5~10% in the A-2, A-3 and A-4 type, 22% in the B type and 3% in the C type.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.176-183
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• 2014

음향방출법은 차량 내부에 장착된 실린더의 경우 분해없이 동작중에 실시간으로 측정이 가능하므로 다른 비파괴평가 방법보다 많은 장점을 가지고 있다. 이러한 장점을 가지고 음향방출법은 미국 교통부(DOT)로부터 수압시험의 대체로 압력용기의 안정성 평가 방법으로 승인되었다. 본 논문은 압력용기 제조사로부터 UT 결함용기 및 결함이 있는 이음매 없는 압력용기인 Type 1과 Type 2에 대한 정량적인 평가기준에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. Type 1의 경우, ASTM E 1419-02를 기준으로 113L 규격의 준비된 용기로 피로반복시험을 통해 크랙의 성장부터 누설까지 경향을 파악하였다. Type 2의 경우, ASTM E 2191-02를 기준으로 119L 건전한 용기와 수압가압으로 불량용기를 용기에 slow-fill 방법으로 검증하였다. 본 연구에서 음향방출법을 이용한 Type 1과 Type 2의 시험은 불량용기와 건전한 용기를 효과적으로 구분할 수 있었다.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.1-16
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• 1988

The authors observed histochemical and ultrastructural characters on the osphradium of Rapana venosa Valenciennes using light microscope, scanning and transmission electron microscpes. The results were as follows:1)The basic structure of osphradium was bipectinated shape, which consisted of a septum situating in the center of osphradium and numerous osphradial leaflets. On the other hand, Epidermis of ospradial leaflets formed the structure of pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium which was composed of an epithelial cell layer, a basal cel layer and a neuropile. 2) Ciliated dpithelial cells:A large number of these cells were observed on the lateral and ventral regions but a small number of them were observed on the dorsal region. These cells had cylindrical microvilli, slender mitochondria and serve fibers.3) Supporting cells: These cells had cylindrical microvilli, spongy layer, electron dense granules, mitochondria and nerve fibers4) Four types secretory epothelial cells: Four distinct types of secretory epithelial cells were recognized and were arbitrily designated as Type I, Type II, Type III and Type IV.cell type I: These cells contained electron denwe granules(diameter, 0.94-1.56${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$), well developed Golgi apparatus and rough endoplasmic reticula, cell type II: These cills contained two types of granules of the different electron density. One was high electron density granules which were 0.4-1.0${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in diameter, The other was low electron density granules which were 0.75-1.2${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in diameter.cell type III:These cells had fibrous secretory materials and exhibited strongly positive reaction with Toluidine blue.cell type IV:A large number of this type of cells were observed on the ventral region of ospgradial leaflets and positively reacted with periodic acid Schiff reagent. 5)Dark cells contained several electron dense cillaty rootlets and unmerous granules but cellular organelles were not observed.6) Four types basal cells: Four distinci types of basal cells were recognized and arbitrarily designated as Type I, Type II, Type III and Type IV.Cell type I(light cell): These cells exhibited low electuon density and contained short smooth endoplasmic reticula, several vacuoles and granules.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.85-97
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to analyze the differences of breast shapes by age, to classify breast types, and to investigate the characteristics of breast shapes by type and the distributions of types by age group, using comparative analysis for women in 20's and 40's. The subjects of anthropometry were 323 women in 20's and 40's. The anthropometric measurements were analyzed by mean, standard deviation, frequency, T-test, F-test, Duncan test, factor and cluster analysis. The results are as follws : 1) According to the increase of age, the items of height were decreased and the items of width, depth, circumference and length were increased, being obeser and breast points were dropped. So the volume and bottom area of 40's women's breast were larger than 20's women's and the breast point to breast point width of 40's women was being wider by the increase of the intereior of breast. 2) 6 factor were extracted from factor analysis by age group. There was no significant difference in consist of factor between age group. There was no significant difference in consist of facotr between age group, but were differences in the connection of factor extracted items and factor loading. Through factor analysis of all age froup, 5 factors were extracted as important factor of breast shapes (obesity of breast and location of breast point ; breast height and volume ; upper dimensions of breast/lower dimensions of breast ; interior dimensions of breast/exterior dimensions of breast ; volume of the lower part and drop of breast). 3) The breast shapes were classified into 4 types by cluster analysis. The frequency of 20's women's breast types appeared in order of type1(53.0%), type3(32.0%), type2(11.0%), type4(4.0%), but that of breast types of 40's women appeared in order of type2(37.9%), type3(31.1%), type4(26.5%), type1(4.5%). Namely, there was few type4 in 20's women and few type1 in 40's women. 20's women's breast types were characterized as type1·3 and type2·3·4 in 40's women. So 40's women had more various breast types than 20's women's.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.544-554
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• 1993

The study was designed to identify the attitude of nursing students to clinical education through Q-methodology. A C sample was developed through a review of the literature and interviews. Twenty - seven statements made up the finalized Q- sample. This was out of an initial 143 statements developed through consultation with eight professors. The P sample consisted of 25 nursing students in S Health Junior College.0 statements were written on seperate cards and were given to the 25 subjects to sort according to degree of agreement or disagreement. The Q-sorts by each subject were coded and analyzed with QUANL PC Program. The analysis discovered three major attitudes, namely “amicable adaptation” 〈type 1), “Nightingale social service” (type 2), and “realistic occupation pursuit” (type 3). The correlation was .465 between type 1 and type 2, .293 between type 1 and type 3, and .273 between type 2 and type 3. The characteristics of each type were as follows ; Type 1 (amicable adaptation) They satisfied in interpersonal relationships in the clinical setting. They would not dream of becoming Nightingale, but thought of nursing care affirmatively and performed their works faithfully and adapted themselves to the new circumstances easily, Fourteen subjects were classified as type 1. Type 2 (Nightingale: social service) They often dreamed as a child that they would be Nightingale with a white uniform and think that nursing is a gift from heaven. They have an aptitude for nursing care by nature and selected nursing science them-selves. They give care to the sick with pleasure. Seven subjects were classified as type 2. Type 3 (realistic occupation pursuit) They were not satisfied with their nursing practice. First of all they want a stable job, therefore they selected nursing science. They had conflicts in clinical practice, but were responsible for nursing and studied hard. Four subjects were classified as type 3. Through the results of this study, the attitude of nursing students to clinical education could be classified into three types. Therefore it is suggested that clinical education would be more valuable, if it was planned according to an understanding of the attitudes of nursing students to clinical education.

• BMB Reports
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• 제54권6호
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• pp.329-334
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• 2021

Collagen type I is the most abundant form of collagen in human tissues, and is composed of two identical α-1 type I chains and an α-2 type I chain organized in a triple helical structure. A previous study has shown that human collagen α-2 type I (hCOL1A2) promotes collagen synthesis, wound healing, and elastin production in normal human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). However, the biological effects of human collagen α-1 type I (hCOL1A1) on various skin properties have not been investigated. Here, we isolate and identify the hCOL1A1-collagen effective domain (CED) which promotes collagen type I synthesis. Recombinant hCOL1A1-CED effectively induces cell proliferation and collagen biosynthesis in HDFs, as well as increased cell migration and elastin production. Based on these results, hCOL1A1-CED may be explored further for its potential use as a preventative agent against skin aging.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.31-36
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• 1999

This study is to examine personal color - preferred color, well-matched color and the relations between preferred color and the well-matched color. Focus is also placed on how sexual difference influences color temperature preference. For data collection, a questionnaire including color stimulus was employed. The subjects of this study were the male and female college students who lived in Pusan. The results of the research are summarized as the following : In view of preferred color, male subjects preferred KEY2 color(warm) in red, pink, and yellow, and preferred KEY1(cool) in green and blue. While most subjects showed the same signal, in green, male preferred KEY1 color and female preferred KEY2 color. Concerning preferred personal color type, KEY1 type person liked KEY1 color except red, and KEY2 type person liked KEY2 color except blue. This shows that people prefer the focused color presenting its own traits. In view of well-matched color, most subjects liked KEY2 color in red, yellow, pink, and they selected KEY1 color in blue as the well-matched color. However, in green, each sex showed different preferences; while male subjects selected KEY1 color as the well-matched color, female ones selected KEY2 color. In each personal color type, KEY1 type male evaluated KEY1 color as the well-matched color, KEY2 type male evaluated KEY2 color except blue. KEY1 type female chose all the KEY1 color as well-matched colors, and KEY2 type female chose KEY2 color. The well-matched colors are similar between male and female subjects. In over 80 percentage of the answers, the preferred colors coincided with well-matched colors. KEY1 type persons chose KEY1 color, and KEY2 type person chose KEY2 color as the well-matched color. These results show that there is a meaningful relationship between the preferred color and well-matched color.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제21권10호
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• pp.1057-1063
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• 2011

Herein, a novel ginsenosidase, named ginsenosidase type IV, hydrolyzing 6-O-multi-glycosides of protopanaxatriol-type ginsenosides (PPT), such as Re, R1, Rf, and Rg2, was isolated from the Aspergillus sp. 39g strain, purified, and characterized. Ginsenosidase type IV was able to hydrolyze the 6-O-${\alpha}$-L-($1{\rightarrow}2$)-rhamnoside of Re and the 6-O-${\beta}$-D-($1{\rightarrow}2$)-xyloside of R1 into ginsenoside Rg1. Subsequently, it could hydrolyze the 6-O-${\beta}$-D-glucoside of Rg1 into F1. Similarly, it was able to hydrolyze the 6-O-$_{\alpha}$-L-($1{\rightarrow}2$)-rhamnoside of Rg2 and the 6-O-${\beta}$-D-($1{\rightarrow}2$)-glucoside of Rf into Rh1, and then further hydrolyze Rh1 into its aglycone. However, ginsenosidase type IV could not hydrolyze the 3-O- or 20-O-glycosides of protopanaxadiol-type ginsenosides (PPD), such as Rb1, Rb2, Rb3, Rc, and Rd. These exhibited properties are significantly different from those of glycosidases described in Enzyme Nomenclature by the NC-IUBMB. The optimal temperature and pH for ginsenosidase type IV were $40^{\circ}C$ and 6.0, respectively. The activity of ginsenosidase type IV was slightly improved by the $Mg^{2+}$ ion, and inhibited by $Cu^{2+}$ and $Fe^{2+}$ ions. The molecular mass of the enzyme, based on SDS-PAGE, was noted as being approximately 56 kDa.