• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.120-125
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• 1994

The genes, trpB, trpA and 3’ trpC(F) of Vibrio metschnikovii strain RH530 were cloned and sequenced. The trpB and trpA genes had open reading frames of 1,173 bp and 804 bp encoding 391 and 268 amino acids, respectively. The trpB and trpA genes had conventional ribosome-binding sequences and overlapped with each other by one nucleotide, suggesting that these two genes are translationally coupled. 115 nucleotide upstream the trpB start codon, tjere was an incomplete open reading frame of the 3’-end of the trpC(F). The amino acid sequences of trpB, trpA and trpC(F) of V. metschnikovii RH530 had identities of 64.2%, 82.4% and 73.7% respectively, for those of V. parahaemolyticus; 58.7%, 72.3% and 54.9%, respectively, for Salmonella typhimurium; and 42.6%. 54.1% and 12.5%, respectively, for brevibacterium lactofermentum. The genetic organization of these genes, especially in the noncoding region between trpC(F) and trpB, was distinct from that of Enterobacteriaceae.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.10
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• pp.1115-1123
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential of Nelumbo nucifera G. leaf (NNL) extract as a cosmetic additive. The electron-donating ability of the NNL extract at a concentration of 1,000 μg/ml was 67.83%. In xanthine oxidase, the inhibition effect of the NNL extract was 92.7% at the same concentration. For whitening effects, tyrosinase inhibition effect of NNL extract was 42.7% at a 1,000 μg/ml concentration. The cell toxicity of the NNL extract was examined in melanoma cells (B16F10) using a 3-[4, 5–dimethyl–thiazol–2–yl]-2, 5-diphenyl-tetrazoliumbromide (MTT) assay. The cell toxicity assay revealed that the NNL extract had a toxicity of 81.61% at a concentration of 1,000 μg/ml The microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), tyrosinase related protein-1 (TRP-1), tyrosinase related protein-2 (TRP-2), and tyrosinase protein expression inhibitory effect by Western blot of NNL extract were measured by a Western blot at concentrations of 25, 50, and 100 μg/ml. At a 100 μg/ml concentration of the NNL extract, the expression of the MITF, TRP-1, TRP-2, and tyrosinase protein was decreased by 69.59%, 27.74%, 67.33%, and 67.78% respectively. The MITF, TRP-1, TRP-2 and tyrosinase mRNA expression inhibitory effect were measured by reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction (PCR) at concentrations of 25, 50, and 100 μg/ml. GAPDH was used as a positive control. At a concentration of 100 μg/ml of the NNL extract, the expression of MITF, TRP-1, TRP-2, and tyrosinase mRNA was decreased by 67.51%, 71.36%, 85.74%, and 83.64%, respectively. These findings suggest that the NNL extract has antioxidant and whitening effects and that it has great potential as a cosmetic ingredient.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.171-178
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• 2017

This study evaluated the protective effect of Chungkookjang (CKJ) extract, a Korean traditional fermented soybean product made from Bacillus species in rice straw and boiled soybean, and one of its main flavonoids, genistein, against Trp-P-1 induced cytotoxicity and DNA damage in HepG2 cells. CKJ and genistein exhibited protective effect against Trp-P-1 induced cytotoxicity and Trp-P-1 induced DNA single strand breaks. CKJ and genistein inhibited Trp-P-1 induced CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 transcription in HepG2 cells. Our results indicated that CKJ and genistein have the protective effect against Trp-P-1 induced cytotoxicity and DNA damage. Via inhibiting expression of CYP1A1 and CYP1A2. CKJ can be used as a promising functional food material that prevents the genotoxicity induced by carcinogens produced by the heat treatment of foods such as heterocyclic amines (HCAs) that cause genomic instability.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.318-324
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• 2017

This study was performed to improve the antioxidant and skin-whitening activities of 70% ethanol extract from Sesamum indicum L. (SIL). The electron-donating ability of the SIL extract was 71.7% at a concentration of $1,000{\mu}g/ml$. The whitening effects that was measured by tyrosinase inhibition assay. As a result, SIL extract was shown 42% at $1,000{\mu}g/ml$ concentration. The cell toxicity on B16F10 melanoma cells of SIL of 70% ethanol extract showed 84.3% at $1,000{\mu}g/ml$ concentration. The microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), tyrosinase relate protein-1 (TRP-1), tyrosinase relate protein-2 (TRP-2) and Tyrosinase protein and mRNA expression inhibitory effect of SIL extract were measured by western blot and reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction (PCR) at 50, 250, $500{\mu}g/ml$ concentration. Consequently, the MITF, TRP-1, TRP-2, Tyrosinase protein expression inhibitory effect of SIL extract was decreased by 68.3%, 39.2%, 89.7%, 22.3%, respectively, at $500{\mu}g/ml$ concentration. Moreover, MITF, TRP-1, TRP-2, Tyrosinase mRNA expression inhibitory effect by reverse-transcription-PCR of SIL extract was decreased by 81.8%, 66.5%, 84.2%, 68.1%, respectively, at $500{\mu}g/ml$ concentration. Therefore, we excellently identified the antioxidant activities and whitening effect of SIL extract, and this finding suggested that SIL extract has great potential as a cosmetic ingredients.

• BMB Reports
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.125-132
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• 2020

Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels comprise a diverse family of ion channels, the majority of which are calcium permeable and show sophisticated regulatory patterns in response to various environmental cues. Early studies led to the recognition of TRP channels as environmental and chemical sensors. Later studies revealed that TRP channels mediated the regulation of intracellular calcium. Mutations in TRP channel genes result in abnormal regulation of TRP channel function or expression, and interfere with normal spatial and temporal patterns of intracellular local Ca²⁺ distribution. The resulting dysregulation of multiple downstream effectors, depending on Ca²⁺ homeostasis, is associated with hallmarks of cancer pathophysiology, including enhanced proliferation, survival and invasion of cancer cells. These findings indicate that TRP channels affect multiple events that control cellular fate and play a key role in cancer progression. This review discusses the accumulating evidence supporting the role of TRP channels in tumorigenesis, with emphasis on prostate cancer.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.229-234
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• 1984

A modified E. coli trp operon, $trpL({\Delta}att)\;trpE^{FBR}$, was conjugally transfered into Klebsiella pneumoniae $KC_{100}\;(Phe^-,\;Tyr^-,\;Trp^-,\;Rif^r,\;Kam^r)$ by in vivo cloning using the hybrid plasmid $R_{6}K::$ Mucts 61 with a transfer frequency of $5.2{\times}10^{-7}$. Two K. pneumoniae transconjugants, $KUA_{701}\;and\;KUA_{702}$, were isolated. The characters of attenuation control-free and resistance to feedback-inhibition which are characteristics of donor C. coli trp operon were normally expressed in the $KUA_{701}.\;However,\;KUA_{702}$ retained only the feedback-inhibition resistant character. $Trp^+$ phenotype and ampicillin resistant character were completely stable in the transconjugants, but streptomycin resistant character was lost in the transconjugants.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to assess the whitening effects of an extract from Smilax china L., which is a vine shrub belonging to the lily family. With regard to the whitening effects, 70% ethanol and water extracts from Smilax china L. showed more than 77.6% and 40.2% tyrosinase inhibition at a concentration of $1,000{\mu}l$. Furthermore, the 70% ethanol extract showed cytotoxicity of 89% at a concentration of $100{\mu}g/ml$ in melanoma cells. Western blot showed that the inhibitory effect of the 70% ethanol extract on MITF, TRP-1, TRP-2, and tyrosinase protein expression decreased by 89.9%, 46.2%, 57.6%, and 55.8%, respectively, at a concentration of $50{\mu}g/ml$. Moreover, reverse transcription-PCR showed that the inhibitory effect of the 70% ethanol extract on MITF, TRP-1, TRP-2, and tyrosinase mRNA expression decreased by 78.5%, 58.0%, 78.8%, and 70.8%, respectively, at the same concentration of $50{\mu}g/ml$ concentration. Further, realtime PCR showed that the 70% ethanol extract-induced decrease in MITF, TRP-1, TRP-2, and tyrosinase quantitative mRNA expression rate was concentration-dependent. The findings suggest that the extract from Smilax china L. has great potential as a cosmetic ingredient with whitening effects.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.115-128
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• 2023

The fruit of Vaccinum oldhami was separated and purified to obtain the compounds chlorogenic acid (CA), quercetin (QT), and quercitrin (QR). The electron-donating abilities of CA, QT, and QR at 1,000 ㎍/ml were 91.9%, 89.9%, and 77.4%, respectively QT and QR showed 99.5% and 91.4% ABTS⁺ radical scavenging ability at a 1,000 ㎍/ml concentration, respectively, and CA showed a 95% ability or higher at 100 ㎍/ml. Regarding tyrosinase inhibitory activity, CA, QT, and QR exhibited 29.5%, 34.7%, and 23.7% efficacy, respectively, at 1,000 ㎍/ml. Regarding the cell viability for melanoma cells (B16F10) assessed through MTT assay, CA, QT, and QR showed cell a viability of 80% or more at 100 ㎍/ml. To measure the deterrent of protein expression, CA affected TRP-1 and TRP-2 in accordance with increases in concentration. The protein expression inhibition rate of QT was excellent for TRP-1, TRP-2, and tyrosinase. CA was confirmed to have an excellent mRNA expression inhibitory effect against MITF, and the amount of mRNA expression of TRP-1, TRP-2, and tyrosinase decreased with an increase in the CA concentration. As the concentration of QT increased, the mRNA expression of MITF, TRP-2, and tyrosinase decreased. QR decreased the amount of mRNA as the QR concentration increased. The excellent antioxidant and whitening effects of CA, QT, and QR were thus confirmed.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.485-490
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• 2014

Poria cocas has been reported to be effective in skin whitening. However, the direct effect of P. cocas ethanol extracts (PCEE) on melanin synthesis has not been scientifically studied. To elucidate the direct effect of PCEE on melanogenesis, a 3,4-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid (DOPA) synthesis assay, tyrosinase activity assay, and Western blotting for melanogenic proteins, including tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-1, and TRP-2 were performed in mouse B16F1 cells. The results revealed that PGEE inhibited melanin production in a dose-dependent manner by blocking the synthesis of DOPA. Although the activation of tyrosinase was not affected, the expression levels of TRP-1 and TRP-2 were controlled. These results suggest that PCEE has a whitening effect, indicating that it may be a useful agent in the development of whitening cosmetics.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.22-28
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• 2017

Sophora japonica has been used for treatment of liver and blood-related diseases in herbology. We evaluated whitening activities of Sophorae Flos and Fructus. Sophorae Flos and Fructus were extracted with methanol (MeOH) and divided into petroleum ether, ethyl acetate(EtOAC) and water fraction. For whitening effect by western blot in B16 F10 cells, we analyzed it by investigating the effect of tyrosinase, TRP-l (tyrosinase-related protein 1), TRP-2 (tyrosinase-related protein 2) and MITF (microphthalmia-associated transcription factor) protein expression. The protein expressions of tyrosinase, TRP-1, TRP-2 and MITF in B16 F10 cells treated with Sophorae Flos and Fructus extract were reduced in a dose-dependant manner. Therefore, these results suggest that Sophorae Flos and Fructus have useful plant resource to be developed as functional cosmetic.