• Molecules and Cells
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.180-184
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• 2005

IL-17 is a major proinflammatory cytokine secreted by activated T-lymphocytes that accumulates in the inflamed joints of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Additional IL-17-related molecules and their receptors have been discovered and may also contribute to RA pathogenesis. We examined the expression of the prototypic IL-17 (IL-17A) and its homologs, IL-17B-F, by RT-PCR analyses of synovial fluid mononuclear cells (SFMCs) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from RA patients. We also tested for induction of the IL-17 receptor homologs upon stimulation of the fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) of RA patients with IL-17. The patients' SFMCs expressed IL-17C, E and F in addition to IL-17A. As in the case of IL-17, IL-15 appears to be the major inducer of these homologs in RA SFMCs. We detected transcripts of IL-17R, as well as those of IL-17RB, C and D, in the FLSs of RA patients. Whereas IL-17R expression increased upon in vitro stimulation with IL-17, expression of IL-17RB, C and D was unchanged. However the possibility of cross-interaction between other IL-17 homologs and receptor isoforms remains to be investigated. Our data suggest that these additional homologs should also be considered as targets for immune modulation in the treatment of RA joint inflammation.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.277-286
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• 2021

This paper examines the readiness of Jordanian insurance companies to apply the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS 17), and the challenges of its application. The study developed a questionnaire based on prior related studies, and in the light of IFRS 17, the study used different statistical methods and techniques such as means, standard deviation, and t-test to achieve its goals. The results indicate that Jordanian insurance companies are not ready to apply IFRS 17, for several reasons. Most importantly, insurance companies have a low level of ability to define the scope of IFRS 17, study the impact of IFRS 17 application to financial reports, and develop new internal monitoring methods to apply IFRS 17. As for the challenges for applying IFRS 17, the biggest is the data challenge, followed by the challenges of first-time implementation, systems, and results and presentation. Finally, this paper advocates that it has become important for Jordanian insurance companies and supervisory bodies to enhance their readiness to apply IFRS 17 within a scheduled time framework and by taking several preparatory steps: performing simulations consisting of procedures to deal with IFRS 17 requirements and the impact on financial reports, and helping human resources with familiarization and application of IFRS 17.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.127-133
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• 2006

스테로이드 합성효소 중 $17\;{\alpha}-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase(P450_{C17})$는 progesterone을 $17\;{\alpha}-hydroxyprogesterone$을 거쳐 androstenedione으로 변환을 담당하는 효소이다. 양서류 난소에서 스테로이드 합성의 분자적 조절과정의 연구에 사용할 목적으로 북방산 개구리(Rana dybowskii) 난소에서 $P450_{C17}$ cDNA를 클로닝 하였다. 북방산 개구리 난포세포의 cDNA library 검색을 통해 분리된 약 2.5kb의 cDNA는 529개의 아미노산을 가진 단일 번역틀을 가지고 있었다. 개구리 $P450_{C17}$의 아미노산 서열은 Xenopus와는 76%, 닭과는 63%, 그리고 사람과는 약 45%의 동일성을 보여 주였고, 동시에 진화적으로 척추동물에서 매우 잘 보존된 아미노산 서열을 가지고 있었다. 노던 분석에서 개구리의 $P450_{C17}$ 전사체는 난소에서만 2.5kb와 3.6kb 크기의 두 종류가 발견되었다. 그리고 개구리 Rana $P450_{C17}$ cDNA는 비스테로이드 합성 세포인 COS-1세포에서 분명한 $17\;{\alpha}-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase$ 활성을 주었다. 따라서 클로닝된 개구리 $P450_{C17}$ 유전자는 양서류의 난소에서 스테로이드 합성의 분자적 기작을 연구하는데 매우 유용할 것으로 사료된다.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.14.1-14.14
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• 2023

Immune status including the immune cells and cytokine profiles has been implicated in the development of endometriosis. In this study, we analyzed Th17 cells and IL-17A in peritoneal fluid (PF) and endometrial tissues of patients with (n=10) and without (n=26) endometriosis. Our study has shown increased Th17 cell population and IL-17A level in PF with endometriosis patients. To determine the roles of IL-17A and Th17 cells in the development of endometriosis, the effect of IL-17A, major cytokine of Th17, on endometrial cells isolated from endometriotic tissues was examined. Recombinant IL-17A promoted survival of endometrial cells accompanied by increased expression of anti-apoptotic genes, including Bcl-2 and MCL1, and the activation of ERK1/2 signaling. In addition, treatment of IL-17A to endometrial cells inhibited NK cell mediated cytotoxicity and induced HLA-G expression on endometrial cells. IL-17A also promoted migration of endometrial cells. Our data suggest that Th17 cells and IL-17A play critical roles in the development of endometriosis by promoting endometrial cell survival and conferring a resistance to NK cell cytotoxicity through the activation of ERK1/2 signaling. Targeting IL-17A has potential as a new strategy for the treatment of endometriosis.

• 기록학연구
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• 제78호
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• pp.43-77
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• 2023

본 연구는 17대 대통령기록과 관련한 언론의 의혹들을 중심으로 문제의식을 더욱 확장하여 17대 대통령기록을 조사·분석하고, 그 결과를 바탕으로 대통령기록관리 체계 개선을 위한 방안을 제언하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 먼저 대통령기록관에 이관된 17대 대통령기록을 전체적인 시각에서 개관하고, '기록관리', '부속실', '치안'기능에서 생산된 기록을 정량적으로 분석하였다. 다음으로 '생산현황통보', 'e메일을 통한 기록 생산 및 기록 미등록', '핵심기록 및 전자·비전자기록'의 사례를 정량분석과 함께 실물 기록을 정성적으로 분석하여 17대 대통령기록의 성격을 진단하였다. 마지막으로 분석 결과를 토대로 대통령기록관리체계 개선을 위한 방안을 제시하였다.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.46.1-46.25
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• 2022

T-helper-17 (Th17) cells and related IL-17-producing (type17) lymphocytes are abundant at the epithelial barrier. In response to bacterial and fungal infection, the signature cytokines IL-17A/F and IL-22 mediate the antimicrobial immune response and contribute to wound healing of injured tissues. Despite their protective function, type17 lymphocytes are also responsible for various chronic inflammatory disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colitis associated cancer (CAC). A deeper understanding of type17 regulatory mechanisms could ultimately lead to the discovery of therapeutic strategies for the treatment of chronic inflammatory disorders and the prevention of cancer. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of the development and function of type17 immune cells at the intestinal barrier, focusing on the impact of microbiota-immune interactions on intestinal barrier homeostasis and disease etiology.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.2453-2457
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• 2016

Background: Dysregulation of HSP90 gene expression is known to take place in breast cancer. Here we used D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid-polyethylene glycol-17-dimethylaminoethylamino-17-demethoxy geldanamycin (PLGA-PEG-17DMAG) complexes and free 17-DMAG to inhibit the expression of HSP90 gene in the T47D breast cancer cell line. The purpose was to determine whether nanoencapsulating 17DMAG improves the anti-cancer effects as compared to free 17DMAG. Materials and Methods: The T47D breast cancer cell line was grown in RPMI 1640 supplemented with 10% FBS. Encapsulation of 17DMAG was conducted through a double emulsion method and properties of copolymers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Assessment of drug cytotoxicity was by MTT assay. After treatment of T47D cells with a given amount of drug, RNA was extracted and cDNA was synthesized. In order to assess HSP90 gene expression, real-time PCR was performed. Results: Taking into account drug load, IC50 was significant decreased in nanocapsulated 17DMAG in comparison with free 17DMAG. This finding was associated with decrease of HSP90 gene expression. Conclusions: PLGA-PEG-17DMAG complexes can be more effective than free 17DMAG in down-regulating of HSP90 expression, at the saesm time exerting more potent cytotoxic effects. Therefore, PLGA-PEG could be a superior carrier for this type of hydrophobic agent.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.77-81
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• 2019

Suicide is a major public health issue that causes over 800,000 deaths each year globally. Korea ranks high in suicide rates, in which around 24.3 per 100,000 individuals are reported to have died by intentional self-harm in 2017 according to Statistics Korea. The aim of this study was to examine the current status and trend of suicide ideation and attempt using data from the following five sources: Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination (KNHANES, '07-13, '15-17), Korean Community Health Survey (KCHS, '08-09, '13, '17), Korean Wealth Panel Study (KOWEPS, '12-17), Korea Health Panel Survey (KHP, '10-13), and Statistics Korea (1983-2017). Suicide ideation and attempts were also further examined based on equalized household income levels. Data published by Statistics Korea were used to show the updated suicide rate and number of deaths by intentional self-harm. The rate of suicide ideation at the recent year was 4.73% (KNHANES, '17), 6.96% (KCHS, '17), 1.63% (KOWEPS, '17), and 5.39% (KHP, '13). That of suicide attempts as recent year was 0.71% (KNHANES, '17), 0.32% (KCHS, '17), and 0.09% (KOWEPS, '17). Annual percentage change of suicidal ideation was -15.4% (KNHANES, '07-17), -2.5% (KCHS, '08-17), -8.6% (KOWEPS, '12-17), and -10.9% (KHP, '10-13). Annual percentage change of suicide attempts was -4.0% (KNHANES, '07-17), -4.4% (KCHS, '08-17), and -14.9% (KOWEPS, '12-17). Individuals with lower income levels were more likely to experience suicide ideation and attempts. Considering that Korea still shows a high suicide rate despite the continuously decreasing trend of suicide ideation and attempt, continuous observation and appropriate policy implementation regarding suicide related problems are necessary.

• 한국어학
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• 제39권
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• pp.223-257
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• 2008

The purpose of this paper is to get characteristics about Korean negative sentences in the 17th century. In this paper used method is to classify and collect statistics of negative sentences in the 17th century Korean literatures, then to reclassify according to morphological characteristics of predicates. The subjects of analysis are 'ani'(don't)' and 'mos(can't)' negative sentences except for 'malta(forbid)' negative sentences.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.53-89
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• 2006

At its thirty-second session(Vienna, 17 May-4 June 1999), the UNCITRAL decided that the priority items for the Working Group(Arbitration and Conciliation) should include enforceability of interim measures and the requirement of written (on for the arbitration agreement. The Working Group, at its forty-third session(Vienna, 3-7 October 2005), it had undertaken a detailed review of the text of the revised article 17 of UNCTTRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration, and it had resumed discussions on a draft model legislative provision revising article 7, paragraph (2) of UNCITRAL Model Law. The purpose of this paper is to make research on the contents and issues of the draft legislative provisions on interim measures and preliminary orders, and on the form of arbitration agreement which the Working Group discussed and adopted at its forth-fourth session(New York, 23-27 January 2006). The draft legislative provisions on interim measures and preliminary orders are composed of the following provisions : Article 17-power of arbitral tribunal to order interim measures; article 17 bis-conditions for granting interim measures; article 17 ter-applications for preliminary orders and conditions for granting preliminary orders; article 17 quater-specific regime for preliminary orders; article 17 quinquies- modification, suspension, termination; article 17 sexies-provision of security; article 17 septies-disclosure; article 17 octies-costs and damages; article 17 novies recognition and enforcements; article 17 decies-grounds for refusing recognition or enforcement; article 17 undecies-court-ordered interim measures. There are the following issues in the draft legislative provisions on interim measures and preliminary orders : form of issuance of an interim measures in article 17(2); conditions for granting interim measures in article 17 bis; purpose, function and legal regime of preliminary orders in article 17 ter; obligation of arbitral tribunal to give notice, and non-enforceability of preliminary orders in article 17 quater; burden of proof, interplay between article 17 decies and article 34, and decision on the recognition and enforcement of the interim measures in article 17 decies; placement of article 17 undecies; amendment of scope exception of application in article 1(2). The draft legislative provisions on the form of arbitration agreement are composed of the following provisions : article 7(1) definition of arbitration agreement; article 7(2) arbitration agreement in writing; article 7(3) arbitration agreement if its terms(content) are (is) recorded in any form; article 7(4) arbitration agreement by an electronic communication; article 7(5) arbitration agreement in an exchange of statements of claim and defence; article 7(6) reference to any document containing an arbitration clause. There are the following issues in the draft legislative provisions on the form of arbitration agreement : arbitration agreement in writing in article 7(2); terms or contents of arbitration agreement in article 7(3); arbitration agreement by electronic communication in article 7(4); existence of arbitration agreement in article 7(5); reference to any document containing an arbitration clause in article 7(6); the alternative proposal on article 7; amendment to article 35(2).