• 한국전문물리치료학회지
• /
• 제14권3호
• /
• pp.48-56
• /
• 2007

Environmental Enrichment (EE) alone is not capable of enhancing the fine digit and the forelimb functions. Therefore, we applied modified constraint-induced movement therapy (mCIMT) under the influence of EE to assess its effect on promoting improved forelimb sensorimotor functions. Focal ischemic brain injury was produced in Sprague-Dawley rats (60 rats, $250{\pm}50$ g) through middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Before MCAO induction, all rats were trained in modified limb placing tests and reaching tasks for 1 week. Then they were randomly divided into three groups: Group I: application of standard environment (SE) after MCAO induction (n=20), Group II: application of EE after MCAO induction (n=20), Group III: MCAO+EE, mCIMT and task-oriented training that was initiated at 10th day after MCAO induction (n=20). We also applied mCIMT (between 9 AM and 5 PM/daily) which included restraining the forelimb ipsilateral to the lesion using the 'Jones & Schallert' method. We assessed the change of modified limb placing, single pellet reaching test and the immunoreactivity of BDNF by immunohistochemistry (pre, 1st, 5th, 10th and 20th day). Group I showed no improved outcome, whereas group II and III significantly improved on the use of the forelimb and the immunoreactivity. The qualitative analysis of the skilled reaching test, of group III showed the greatest improvement in the fine digit and the forelimb function. These results suggest that EE combined with mCIMT is more functional in promoting enhanced fine digit and forelimb functional movements.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• 제30권1호
• /
• pp.56-63
• /
• 2013

목적 : 신경병증성 통증 쥐 모델에서 통증 행동과 척수 교세포의 활성화에 대한 반복적 전침의 영향을 실험하였다. 방법 : 21마리 Sprague-Dawley 성체 수컷 쥐를 무작위적으로 대조군, SP6 군, ST36+GB34 군으로 나누었다. 신경병증성 통증은 L5 척수신경을 단단하게 묶는 것으로 유도하였다. 신경병증성 통증이 유도된 뒷발에 기계적 및 열적 민감도를 조사하였다. 모든 군의 L5/6 척수에서 면역조직화학염색법을 수행하였다. 수술 이후 5일째부터 하루에 한번씩 전침을 시행하였다. 결과 : 족삼리(ST36)와 양릉천(GB34)에 적용된 전침은 3번의 처치 이후 실험기간 내내 기계적 및 열적 민감도를 모두 감소시켰다. 삼음교(SP6) 군에서는 진통 효과가 7번의 처치 이후 감소됨을 보였다. 면역조직화학염색법은 ST36+GB34 군에서 L5/6 척수 후각에서 교세포와 성상세포의 활성화가 억제됨을 보였다. 결론 : 이 결과는 반복적인 전침은 신경병증성 통증에 강한 진통 효과를 발휘 하는 것을 시사한다. 신경병증성 통증에서 이 진통 효과는 교세포와 성상세포의 활성화를 억제하는 것과 관련이 있다.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
• /
• 제27권1호
• /
• pp.26-36
• /
• 2024

Purpose: We investigated the role of CD8⁺T cells as host immune factors in pediatric patients with Helicobacter pylori gastritis. Methods: Gastric mucosal tissue and blood samples were collected from 39 children, including 11 children with H. pylori infection and 28 children as controls. Anti-CD8 and anti-T-bet antibodies were used for immunohistochemistry of the gastric mucosa. For the cell surface and intracellular staining, peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stained with anti-IL7Rα, anti-CX3CR1, anti-CD8, anti-T-bet, and anti-IFN-γ antibodies. Cytokines of sera such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and CX3CL1 were analyzed using enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: In the immunohistochemistry of gastric mucosa, the frequency of CD8⁺ and T-bet⁺ T cells cells was higher in the H. pylori-positive group than in the control group (26.9± 7.8% vs. 16.9±3.3%, p<0.001; 5.0±2.5% vs. 2.2±0.7%, p=0.001). Between the control and H. pylori-positive groups, the frequency of IL-7Rα^lowCX3CR1⁺ CD8⁺ and T-bet⁺ INF-γ⁺ CD8⁺ T cells were not significantly different between surface and intracellular staining, respectively (40.4±24.0% vs. 38.2±17.8%, p=0.914; 40.4±24.0% vs. 38.2±17.8%, p=0.914). In the ELISA, no significant differences in TNF-α and CX3CL1 concentrations were observed between the control and H. pylori-positive groups (34.3±12.1 pg/mL vs. 47.0±22.6 pg/mL, p=0.114/0.5± 0.1 pg/mL vs. 0.5±0.1 pg/mL, p=0.188). Conclusion: CD8⁺ T and Th1 cells, which secrete IFN-γ, might play important roles in the mucosal immunity of the stomach in children with H. pylori infection.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제16권8호
• /
• pp.3447-3450
• /
• 2015

Objective: To explore the sensitivity of gastric cancer cells to chemotherapy drugs in elderly patients and its correlation with cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in cancer tissue. Materials and Methods: Forty-three elderly patients with gastric cancer (observation group) and 31 young patients with gastrointestinal tumors (control group) who were all diagnosed by pathology and underwent surgery in the 89th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army were selected. Drug sensitivity testing of tumor cells in primary culture was carried out in both groups using a methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) method, and the expression of COX-2 and the factors related to multi-drug resistance (MDR) in cancer tissue were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Results: The inhibition rates (IR) of vincristine (VCR), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), oxaliplatin (L-OHP), mitomycin (MMC) and epirubicin (eADM) on tumor cells in the observation group were dramatically lower than in the control group, with statistical significance (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The positive rates of COX-2, glutathione s-transferase-${\pi}$ (GST-${\pi}$) and P glycoprotein (P-gp) expression in cancer tissue in the observation group were all higher than in control group (P<0.05), while that of DNA topoisomerase $II{\alpha}$ ($TopoII{\alpha}$) expression lower than in the control group (P<0.01). In the observation group, COX-2 expression in cancer tissue had a significantly-positive correlation with GST-${\pi}$ and P-gp (r=0.855, P=0.000; r=0.240, P=0.026), but a negative correlation with $TopoII{\alpha}$ (r=-0.328, P=0.002). In the control group, COX-2 expression in cancer tissue was only correlated with P-gp positively (r=0.320, P=0.011). Bivariate correlation analysis displayed that COX-2 expression in cancer tissue in the observation group had a significantly-negative correlation with the IRs of 5-FU, L-OHP, paclitaxel (PTX) and eADM in tumor cells (r=-0.723, P=0.000; r=-0.570, P=0.000; r=-0.919, P=0.000; r=-0.781, P=0.000), but with hydroxycamptothecine (HCPT), VCR and 5-FU in the control group (r=-0.915, P=0.000; r=-0.890, P=0.000; r=-0.949, P=0.000). Conclusions: Gastric cancer cells in elderly patients feature stronger MDR, which may be related to high COX-2 expression.

• 대한한의학회지
• /
• 제31권3호
• /
• pp.107-121
• /
• 2010

Objective: This study aimed to ascertain the curative effects of Gamisipjeon-tang (GST) used for wound healing on the skin regeneration of deep second degree burns in mice. Material & Methods: In vitro, the $I{\kappa}B$ kinase (IKK) mRNA expression, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA expression, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA expression in the GST concentration from 1 mg/$m{\ell}$ to 10 mg/$m{\ell}$ were measured. In vivo, the mice were divided into four groups : the normal group, the BE group (burn-elicited group, control group), the DC group (Duoderm CGF-treated group after burn elicitation), and the GST group (Gamisipjeon-tang treated group after burn elicitation). To determine the anti-inflammatory effects, nuclear factor (NF)-${\kappa}B$ p65, iNOS, COX-2 positive reaction were measured by immunohistochemistry. To estimate the skin regenerative effects, change of burn area, 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU), and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) positive reaction were analyzed. Results: In vitro, the iNOS, IKK, COX-2 mRNA expression decreased according to the increase of GST concentration. The significant decrease of COX-2, iNOS, NF-${\kappa}B$ positive reaction were the highest in the GST group, followed by the DC group and the BE group (p<0.05). The diameter of burn area was significantly decreased in the GST group as compared to that in the DC and BE group (p<0.05). The BrdU and FGF positive reaction increased more significantly in the GST group than in the DC group, and more significantly in the DC group than in the BE group on the 3rd and 7th day after burn (p<0.05). FGF positive reaction increased in the BE and DC group, whereas it decreased significantly in the GST group on the 14th day (p<0.05). The BrdU positive reaction increased in the BE group, whereas it decreased significantly in the DC and GST group on the 14th day (p<0.05). Conclusions: This study shows that GST could decrease the inflammatory response and accelerate the skin regeneration as compared to the duoderm CGF in mice with deep second degree burns.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
• /
• 제24권8호
• /
• pp.1158-1167
• /
• 2017

본 연구에서는 LP-BM5 murine AIDS virus에 감염된 면역 결핍동물 모델을 이용하여 실험기간 10주 동안 ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan, 유산균 및 ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan+유산균의 식이가 면역활성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 그 결과 LP-BM5 murine AIDS virus에 감염으로 면역능이 떨어진 T세포 증식능은 홍삼대조군과 비교하여도 유의적으로 감소된 T 세포증식능을 증가시키는 것으로 나타났고, B 세포 증식능은 감염 대조군에 비하여 유의적으로 증가된 B 세포 증식능을 감소되었다. cytokine 생성능에서는 Th1 type cytokine중에서 IL-2, IL-12, IL-15는 감염대조군에 비하여 분비량을 증가시키는 것을 확인할 수 있었고, IFN-${\gamma}$는 유산균과 ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan을 각각 처리군이 혼합처리군보다 증식능이 증가하였다. TNF-${\alpha}$는 감염대조군에 비하여 유의적으로 감소하였다. Th2 cytokine 들의 분비량 측정에서 IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 측정 결과 감염대조군에서 유의적으로 억제되어 Th1/Th2 type cytokine 발현을 조절하여 면역항상성을 유지하는 것으로 보였다. 면역글로블린 분비량측정에서 IgE, IgA, IgG 모두 감염대조군에 비하여 유의적으로 떨어지는 것으로 나타났다. 이로서LP-BM5 murine AIDS virus에 감염된 면역 결핍동물 모델에 ${\beta}$-1,3/1,6-glucan+유산균군을 혼합처리로 면역조절의 효능이 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• 제28권3호
• /
• pp.33-42
• /
• 2011

Objectives : This study was performed to evaluate the effects of Scutellariae radix (SR) water extract on locomotor dysfunction induced by spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats. Methods : SCI was induced mechanical contusion following laminectomy of 10 th thoracic vertebra in Sprague-Dawley rats. SR was orally given once a day for 7 days after SCI. Neurological behavior was examined with the Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan locomotor rating scale. Tissue damage and nerve fiber degeneration were examined with cresyl violet and luxol fast blue (LFB) histochemistry. Using immunohistochemistry, cellular damages to neurons and nerve fibers were examined MAP-2. Results : 1. SR significantly ameliorated the locomotor dysfunction of the SCI-induced rats. 2. SR significantly reduced the number of motor neurons in the ventral horn of the SCI-induced rat spinal cord. 3. SR attenuated the reduction of nerve fiber shirnakage and degeneration of the SCI-induced rat spinal cord. 4. SR attenuated the reduction of MAP-2 positive cells in the peri-lesion of the SCI-induced rat spinal cord. Conclusions : These results suggest that SR improves the locomotor dysfunction of SCI by reducing degeneration of nerve fibers and motor neuron shrinkage in the ventral horn.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제16권16호
• /
• pp.6851-6855
• /
• 2015

Background: This study aimed to examine the clinical significance of fatty acid synthase (FASN) expression in gastric cancer (GC), and investigate any prognostic role. Materials and Methods: FASN expression was assessed in gastric cancers by immunohistochemistry using 60 paraffin-embedded tissue specimens, and clinical data were collected by retrospective chart review. Moreover, FASN mRNA expression in 15 fresh resected specimens was evaluated by the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Immunohistochemical staining of PTEN was performed to assess the correlation of PTEN with FASN in gastric cancer. Results: Increased expression of FASN was noted in gastric cancers. The frequency of FASN gene amplification was also significantly higher in gastric cancer than in adjacent normal tissue. FASN expression in human gastric cancer tissues was significantly correlated with patient TNM stage and peritoneal dissemination (p<0.05). Moreover, higher FASN expression significantly correlated with shorter overall survival (p<0.05). Here, upregulation of FASN negatively correlated with PTEN expression in gastric cancer. Conclusions: These findings indicate that FASN expression is upregulated in gastric cancer, and increased FASN may be critical to th peritoneal metastasis and survival. Our results suggest that FASN upregulation and PTEN downregualtion may be involved in peritoneal dissemination for gastric cancer progression.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
• /
• 제27권4호
• /
• pp.330-336
• /
• 2001

Angiogenesis is an essential process for the growth, invasion and metastasis of cancer. However, it is uncertain that antiangiogenic effects can be a major treatment strategy of oral cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate whether thalidomide, which is known to be a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis, have inhibitory effect on the growth and antiangiogenic effects of oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC) xenografted in nude mice and whether antiangiogenesis of thalidomide can be included as a major treatment strategy of oral cancer. After human oral squamous cell carcinoma strain KB was subcutaneously implanted in 20 nude mice, the volume of tumor was measured every three days. When the tumor mass reached $75{\sim}100mm^3$, thalidomide(200mg/kg/d) was administered into 10 experimental nude mice and the same volume of distilled water was administered into 10 control nude mice and the tumor volume was measured every three days. The excised tumor masses on the 30th day after administration were frozen and processed for immunohistochemistry using vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and CD31. We evaluated microvessel density and VEGF expression. The results were as follows ; 1. Thalidomide retarded the growth of human OSCC as compared with the control group, but it was not statistically significant. 2. A statistically significant lower microvessel density was observed in the thalidomide-treated group than in the control group(p<0.01) and thalidomide significantly reduced VEGF expression (p<0.01). Thalidomide exhibited significantly antiangiogenic effect, but did not inhibit the growth of human OSCC effectively. Antiangiogenic therapy of thalidomide alone is not likely to be effective in the treatment of human OSCC, but might be regarded as adjuvant chemotherapeutic strategy.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• 제23권3호
• /
• pp.47-56
• /
• 2006

Methods : 40 of Female rats were allowed to mate with 40 of male rats. Then, female rats were delivered of offspring rats, After birth 28 days, offspring rats were divided 8 groups, The normal group(Group A), the 10 mg/kg Angelicae gig antis radix~treated group(Group B), the 50 mg/kg Angelicae gigantis radix-treated group(Group C), the 100 mg/kg Angelicae gig antis radix-treated group(Group D), The control (noise-treated) group(Group E). the noise -10 mg/kg Angelicae gigantis radix-treated group(Group F), the noise-50 mg/kg Angelicae gigantis radix~treated group(Group G), and the noise-100 mg/kg Angelicae gigantis radix-treated group(Group H)(n = 5 in each group), From the 15th day of pregnancy, all rats were subcutaneously injected with 50 mg/kg BrdU once a day 30 min before the starting of experimental treatment. Rats of the prenatal noise-treated group were applied with 95 decibel supersonic machine sound for 1h once a day until delivery, After birth 28 days, offspring rats intraperitoneally injected with 50 mg/kg of BrdU and offspring rats were treated Angelicae gigantis radix Herb-acupunture on chungwan(CV12) for 7 consecutive days. For the detection of BrdU-positive cells and Ki-67 positive cells in hippocampus, immunohistochemistry was performed. Results : 1. The number of BrdU-positive cells in the dentate gyrus of noise-treated group was significantly decreased to normal group, and the Group F, G, H were significantly increased to control group. 2. The number of Ki-67 positive cells in the dentate gyrus of noise-treated group was significantly decreased to control group, and the Group G, H were significantly increased to control group. Conclusion : We concluded that postnatal Angelicae gigantis radix administration has effect on cell proliferation in offspring rats with prenatal noise stress during pregnancy.