• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.293-299
• /
• 2002

Cytotoxic and antimutagenic effects of a novel cis-$\varepsilon$-viniferin and five known stilbenes, transresveratrol, trans-$\varepsilon$-viniferin, gnetin H, suffruticosols A and B, isolated from the seeds of Paeonia lactiflora Pall. (Paeoniaceae) were determined against five different cancer cell lines, and mutagenicity of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) in Salmonella typhimurium TA100, respectively. Six stilbenes showed cytotoxic activity in a dose-dependent manner, and especially did potent cytotoxic activity against C6 (mouse glioma) cancer cell with $IC_{50}$ values ranging from 8.2 to $20.5{\;}{\mu\textrm{g}}/ml$. trans-Resveratrol showed significant cytotoxic activity against HepG2 (liver hepatoma) and HT-29 (colon) human cancer cell lines with $IC_{50}$ values of 11.8 and 25.2 g/ml, respectively. In contrast, trans-$\varepsilon$-viniferin and cis--viniferin, and gnetin H exhibited marked cytotoxic activity against Hela (cervicse) and MCF-7 (breast) human cancer cell lines with $IC_{50}$ values of 20.4, 21.5, and $12.9{\;}{\mu\textrm{g}}/ml$, respectively. However, suffruticosol A and B had less cytotoxic effect against all cancer cells except C6. Meanwhile, six stilbenes exerted antimutagenic activity in a dose-dependent fashion. Of them, trans-resveratrol exhibited the strongest antimutagenic effect against MNNG with $IC_{50}$ value of $27.0{\;}{\mu\textrm{g}}/plate$, while other five resveratrol oligomers also did moderate antimutagenic activity with $IC_{50}$ values ranging from 31.7 to $35.2{\;}{\mu\textrm{g}}/plate$.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.95-114
• /
• 2002

The purpose of this study was to examined the relationships between the narcissism and the self-esteem, the hostility. In order to accomplish the above purpose, empirical research has executed. First, the narcissism, the self-esteem and the hostility was analyzed, and the subfactors of narcissism, the self-esteem and the hostility was. The major results from this study were as follows. (1) The narcissism had significantly a positive correlation to the self-esteem and the hostility, and both of the self-esteem and the hostility influenced of significantly the narcissism, especially the hostility influenced of the narcissism even more importantly. (2) The more narcissism showed the higher self-esteem overtly and the more hostility. (3) The all subfactors to except the self-centeredness of the narcissism had a positive correlation to the self-esteem, and the all subfactors of narcissism had a positive correlation to the hostility. (4) The most important narcissism personality traits which influenced of the self-esteem was the superiority, and the hostility the self-centeredness. Narcissists are motivated by the preference for being superior to others. That is, narcissists have an extreme emotional investment in establishing their superiority, even if they are unsure that their superiority is merited. therefore, it is possible for narcissists to have high self-esteem. But this is to defence the fragility of the vulnerable self structure. And, narcissists feel very much a sense of hostility in psychologically. Because they are hyper-sensitive to negative information, they will be more likely to encounter information or situations that challenge their positive self-appraisals. In response to these challenges, or ego threats, they will likely experience negative emotion, such as hostility.

• Natural Product Sciences
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.105-114
• /
• 1998

The antimutagenic activity of a methanol extract of Ecklonia stolonifera (Laminariaceae) against aflatoxin $B_1\;(AFB_1)$ was demonstrated with the Salmonella typhimurium assay. The numbers of revertants per plate decreased significantly when this extract was added to the assay system using S. Salmonella typhimurium TA100. The methanol extract also exhibited significant inhibitory effects on the micronuclei formation in mouse peripheral blood reticulocytes and the DNA damage in mouse spleen lymphocytes induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MMU) and benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P). The MeOH extract was then sequentially partitioned with $CH_2Cl_2,\;CH_2Cl_2$ insoluble intermediate, EtOAc, n-BuOH, and $H_2O$. All fractions possessed antimutagenic activity but the $H_2O$ fraction was inactive. Among active fractions, the EtOAc and $CH_2Cl_2$ insoluble intermediate fractions showed the highest activity. Column chromatography using $SiO_2$ and Sephadex LH-20 yielded phloroglucinol from the EtOAc fraction. Phloroglucinol also demonstrated significant antimutagenic activity, and inhibitory effects on the micronuclei formation in mouse peripheral blood reticulocytes and DNA damage in mouse spleen lymphocytes induced by MMU and B(a)P.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.310-321
• /
• 2007

Status of benzene exposure was evaluated upon petrochemical workers in the Yeosu Industrial Complex, based on questionnaire responses by workers, review of previous work environment assessment reports between 1996 and 2004, in addition to short-term exposure measurements for unit tasks in the field. Questionnaire results showed that workers in the field were suffering concern on and symptoms of respiratory diseases, cancers or other illnesses of unknown causes. In particular, workers were highly worried about the risk of exposure to chemical hazards including benzene, while conducting specific tasks (e.g. sampling, draining, gauging) among normal operations during which equipments are opened and contents are exposedin the air, as well as periodic turnaround (TA) task. However, the review of previous work environment assessment reports found out that short-term exposure assessment data for unit tasks accounted for less than 1% of total data, and most of them were on 8-hr average exposure level. It also turned out that benzene was not detected in 83% of total samples, suggesting routine but pointless sampling has been repeated. Short-term exposure level was assessed focusing on tasks with high level of complaints on the exposure risk, based on the questionnaire responses. As predicted, a maximum of 741 ppm benzene exposure was reached depending on types and conditions of operations involved. In conclusion, these findings suggest that the evaluation and management on the short-term high exposure tasks including turnaround are crucial in reducing benzene exposure and preventing haematopoietic cancer in workers in the petrochemical industry.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.182-194
• /
• 2009

This study was conducted to evaluate health status and to propose health protection measures of irregular plant construction workers in Yoesu National Industrial Complex (YNIC). The status of safety and health management was examined in five areas including safety and health education, work environment monitoring, health examination, health management record, and personal protective equipment (PPE) for plant construction workers. The safety training rate for plant construction workers was reached high at 91%, The training was mostly consisted of safety accident related things, but training on hazardous materials was found to be insufficient. Workplace monitoring results showed that the compliance rate for work environment for irregular construction workers was 54% and workplace monitoring during turnaround (TA) period with high risk of exposure to hazardous agents has not been implemented. While 61.4% of irregular workers received the general health examination but only 36.8% received the special health examination. The special health examination was found to be conducted only upon welders from 2-3 years ago. The issue of health management record upon irregular construction workers was not being implemented. In case of PPE, basic safety protective equipments such as safety shoes, safety belt, safety helmet were being supplied well while the supply rate of respirator for organic vapor was relatively low at 40%. Based on this study, two suggestions to maximize the utilization of the current safety and health program were made while boosting its effectiveness in protecting workers' health. First, the role of owners (petrochemical plant) related to safety and health should be strengthened. Second, in consideration of the characteristics of construction workers who usually engage in short term employment and frequent movement, community based health management organization is suggested that can overcome such structural problem and carry out the implementation of health examination and sustained health management.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.21 no.2 s.24
• /
• pp.284-294
• /
• 1988

To measure the mutagenic activity of micro-organic pollutants in drinking water, mutagenicity test was conducted using Salmnella typhimurium TA 98 strain on the water sample taken from three water supply stations and six tap water in Seoul in July and November 1987. The results were as follows : 1. The average amounts of organic matters in raw, treated, and tap water sampled in July were 0.38mg/l, 0.28mg/l, and 0.45mg/l. respectively, and sampled in November were 0.34mg/l, 0.24mg/l, and 0.22mg/l, respectively. The amount of organic matters of tap water sampled in November did not increase while that of tap water sampled in July increased compare to those of raw or treated water. 2. The amount of organic matters is the highest in neutral fraction compare to acidic and basic fractions. 3. In the five out of six tap water and raw water of Paldang and Kuui station sampled in July, the mutagenicity ratios were greater then two (both direct and indirect mutagenicity). 4. In the three out of six tap water and raw and treated water of Kuui station sampled in November, the mutagenicity ratios were greater than two. 5. While mutagenic activities were low in acidic and basic fraction, they were high in neutral fraction. The samples which had high mutagenic acitivity in the total amount also showed high mutagenic activity in neutral fraction. 6. While mutagenic acitivity was decreased after the treatement of water, it was increased in tap water as the distance from the water supply station increases.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
• /
• 2008.10a
• /
• pp.277-280
• /
• 2008

Enhancing the positioning precision is the primary pursuit of GPS users. To achieve this goal, most studies have focused on the relationship between GPS receiver clock errors and GPS positioning precision. This study utilizes undifferentiated phase data to calculate GPS clock errors and to compare with the frequency of cesium clock directly, thus verifying estimated clock errors by the method used in this paper. The relative frequency offsets from this paper and from National Standard Time and Frequency Laboratory of Taiwan match to $1.5{\times}10^{12}$ in the frequency instability, suggesting that the proposed technique has reached a certain level of quality. The built-in quartz clocks in the GPS receivers yield relative frequency offsets that are 3 to 4 orders higher than those of rubidium clocks. The frequency instability of the quartz clocks is on average two orders worse than that of the rubidium clock. Using the rubidium clock instead of the quartz clock, the horizontal and vertical positioning accuracies were improved by 26-78% (0.6-3.6 mm) and 20-34% (1.3-3.0 mm), respectively, for a short baseline. These improvements are 7-25% (0.3-1.7 mm) and 11% (1.7 mm) for a long baseline. Our experiments show that the frequency instability of clock, rather than relative frequency offset, is the governing factor of positioning accuracy.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
• /
• 1999.07a
• /
• pp.163-163
• /
• 1999

MOSFET, MESFET 그리고 MODFET는 Logic ULSIs, high speed ICs, RF MMICs 등에서 중요한 역할을 하고 있으며, 그것의 gate electrode, contact, interconnect 등의 물질로는 refractory metal을 이용한 CoSi2, MoSi2, TaSi2, PtSi2, TiSi2 등의 효과를 얻어내고 있다. 그중 TiSi2는 비저항이 가장 낮고, 열적 안정도가 좋으며 SAG process가 가능하므로 simpler alignment process, higher transconductance, lower source resistance 등의 장점을 동시에 만족시키고 있다. 최근 소자차원이 scale down 됨에 따라 TiSi2의 silicidation 과정에서 C49 TiSi2 phase(high resistivity, thermally unstable phase, larger grain size, base centered orthorhombic structure)의 출현과 그것을 제거하기 위한 노력이 큰 issue로 떠오르고 있다. 여러 연구 결과에 따르면 PAI(Pre-amorphization zimplantation), HTS(High Temperature Sputtering) process, Mo(Molybedenum) implasntation 등이 C49를 bypass시키고 C54 TiSi2 phase(lowest resistivity, thermally stable phase, smaller grain size, face centered orthorhombic structure)로의 transformation temperature를 줄일 수 있는 가장 효과적인 방법으로 제안되고 있지만, 아직 그 문제가 완전히 해결되지 않은 상태이며 C54 nucleation에 대한 physical mechanism을 밝히진 못하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 증착 시 기판온도의 변화(400~75$0^{\circ}C$)에 따라 silicon 위에 DC/RF magnetron sputtering 방식으로 Ti/Si film을 각각 제작하였다. 제작된 시료는 N2 분위기에서 30~120초 동안 500~85$0^{\circ}C$의 온도변화에 따라 RTA법으로 각각 one step annealing 하였다. 또한 Al을 cosputtering함으로써 Al impurity의 존재에 따른 영향을 동시에 고려해 보았다. 제작된 시료의 분석을 위해 phase transformation을 XRD로, microstructure를 TEM으로, surface topography는 SEM으로, surface microroughness는 AFM으로 측정하였으며 sheet resistance는 4-point probe로 측정하였다. 분석된 결과를 보면, 고온에서 제작된 박막에서의 C54 phase transformation temperature가 감소하는 것이 관측되었으며, Al impuritydmlwhswork 낮은온도에서의 C54 TiSi2 형성을 돕는다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구에서는 결론적으로, 고온에서 증착된 박막으로부터 열적으로 안정된 phase의 낮은 resistivity를 갖는 C54 TiSi2 형성을 보다 낮은 온도에서 one-step RTA를 통해 얻을 수 있다는 결과와 Al impurity가 존재함으로써 얻어지는 thermal budget의 효과, 그리고 그로부터 기대할 수 있는 여러 장점들을 보고하고자 한다.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.71-94
• /
• 1987

This study was carried out to investigate the sound distortion following the alternation of the palatal plate thickness. For this study, 2 healthy male subjects (24-year-old) were selected. Born in Seoul, they both spoke Seoul dialect. First, their sounds of /na(나)/, /da(다)/, /1a(라)/, /ja(자)/, /cha(차)/, /ta(타)/, without inserting plates were recorded, and then the sounds with palatal plates of different thickness were recorded, successively. The plate was fabricated in 3 types, each palatal thickness being 1.0mm, 2.5mm, dentoalveolar portion 2.5mm, other residual portion was 1.0mm, successively. Each type plates named B, C, D-type, in succession. Series of analysis were administered through Computer(16 bit) to analyze the sound distortions. These experiments were analyzed by the LPC (without weighting, pre-weighting, post-weighting) of the consonants, vowels portion, formant frequency of the vowels and word duration of the consonants. The findings led to the following conclusions: 1. There was no correlation of the distortion rate on the 2 informants. 2. Generally, vowels were not affected by the palatal plate thickness in the formant analysis, however, more distortion was detected in the LPC analysis, especially C, D-type plates. 3. Consonants distortion was more evident in the C, D-type plate. 4. The second formant was most disturbed and reduced in the all consonants with insertion of the palatal plate, especially C, D-type plate. 5. Word duration was shortened in the plate inserted(except /ja/, /cha/), especially C, D-type. 6. It was found that dentoalveolar, hard palatal sounds were severely distorted in plate inserted, and they were mainly affected by the dentoalveolar portion thickness. 7. There was correlation between palatal thickness and consonants quality.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.15 no.5
• /
• pp.2263-2266
• /
• 2014

The aim of the study was to investigate the results of bladder irrigation with Water for Injection (WFI) after transurethral resection of bladder tumours for comparison with those for adjuvant use of BCG. A total of 239 patients (158 with single tumours, group A, and 81 with multiple tumours, group B) received continuous intravesical postoperative irrigation with WFI. Some 128 patients received intravesical irrigation with WFI, followed by weekly instillations of BCG (group C). Recurrence-free rate (RFR) and recurrence-free intervals (RFI) were recorded. RFR for those patients who received only intravesical irrigation with WFI (groups A and B) was 75.8%, 66.2% and 63.2% at the 1st, 2nd and 3rd year of follow up, respectively. Corresponding rates for group C were 61.7%, 55.4% and 49%. Median RFI in group B were 18, 11, 15, 15 and 12 months for Ta, T1, grade 1, grade 2 and grade 3 tumours, respectively. In group C corresponding intervals were 20, 33, 8, 20 and 42 months. BCG improved RFR only in T1 (p=0.014) and grade 3 tumours (p=0.007). In conclusion, postoperative bladder irrigation with WFI could increase RFR during the first and second year of follow up.