• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.368-377
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• 2021

This study analyzed the determinants of capital structure based on the financial statements of agricultural corporations disclosed on the DART(data analysis, retrieval and transfer system) of the Financial Supervisory Service since 2011, when the Korea international financial reporting standards (K-IFRS) was introduced. There have been many empirical studies on the capital structure so far, but there are no studies targeting agricultural corporations. The sample period of agricultural corporations was from 2015 to 2019, with the debt ratio as the dependent variable, and among the variables suggested as meaningful in existing empirical studies, ROA(profitability), SIZE(corporate size), LIQ(liquidity), TA(tangible asset ratio), FA(fixed long-term suitability ratio), and GROWTH(growth potential) were selected as independent variables and panel data analysis was performed. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the debt ratio decreased as the ROA and SIZE of agricultural corporations increased. This can be interpreted as supporting the pecking order theory rather than the static trade-off theory in the relationship between the ROA and SIZE of Korean agricultural corporations with the capital structure. In addition, it was found that the debt ratio increased as the FA increased. These results suggest that Korean agricultural corporations need to establish a financing policy in consideration of ROA, SIZE, and FA.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.247-264
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• 1993

This study deals with the manufacturing of the foundation garments for the well-balanced somatotype of the Korean middle-aged womenhood. In order to get hold of the different somatotypes, a survey of a total of 134 middle-aged women in Kwangju area, ranging in their age from 45 through 59 was made. The statistical methods used for the analysis of the basic data were the Pearson's correlation coefficient, Anova, Cluster analysis and Stepwise. Emphasis of the try-on test was placed on (1) the comparison of anthropometric data before and after trying on the foundation garments, (2) sensory evaluation, (3) a rating on fit and performance, (4) the comparison by means of photograph. The conclusions obtained are as follows : 1) The 134 women sampled and measured were classified into the five groups of somatotype : the 52 women (34%) belong to Cluster 1 ; the 22 women(14.5%) belong in Cluster 2 ; the 12 women(7.9%) belong in Cluster 3 ; the 15 women(9.9%) belong in Cluster 4 ; the 33 women(27.7%) belong to Cluster 5. 2) As for the characteristics of the foundation garment design, the V-shaped neckline and chest dart was used. The adjust point is right above the perineum point. The foundation garment length is as far as trochanteric point. The materials used are cotton/polyurethane, lace, 100%cotton. The materials used for corrections were the sponge pad for the chest, and non-woven fabric pad for the back, shoulder and the hip. 3) The comparison of the anthropometric data of the subject when dressed in foundation garments showed a significant difference in bust point height, in bust point length and in nipple-ta-nipple breadth, which proves the foundation garments to be effective in correcting such part as the chest, the hip and the abdomen. 4) As considered in terms of the sensory evaluation, the item except for the shoulder and the armhole coincided with each other in the mean value and in the composite reliability coefficient, which also proves the foundation garments to be effective. 5) Subjects were satisfactory on fit, performance, design, of the foundation garment, and their changed appearance. 6) In the case of the comparison through the photographs, the silhouettes of all the five women subjects were found effectively to be balanced.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.109-126
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• 1993

Refractory periodontitis manifest progressive attachment loss in a rapid and unrelenting manner regardless of the type or frequency of therapy applied. The purpose of this study was ta evaluate the relation between the level of cytokines in GCF and periodontopathic microflora with disease activity of refractory periodontitis. Selection of patients with refractory periodontitis (7 males, 3 females) were made by long term clinical observation including conventional clinical history and parameters. Teeth that showed pocket depth greater than 6mm were selected as sample teeth. Subjects were examined at baseline and after 3 months. Prior to baseline test, individual acrylic stent was fabricated. Reference grooves were made on each sample tooth site. Pocket depth and attachment loss were measured by Florida Probe. Gingival index was measured at 4 sites each sample teeth. Disease activity was defined as attachment loss of ${\ge}$ 2.1mm, as determined by sequential probing and tolerance method. The pattern and amount of alveolar bone resorption was observed with quantitative digital subtraction image processing radiography. Morphological analysis of subgingival bacteria was taken by phase contrast microscopy. Predominant cultivable bacterial distribution and frequency were compared between disease-active and disease-inactive site using immunofluorescence microscopy and selective microbial culturing. Levels of $interleukin-l{\beta}$, 2, 4, 6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ in GCF and blood serum sample were quantified by ELISA. In active sites, P. intermedia was significantly increased to compare with inactive site. $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-2, IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ in GCF were increased in active sites and IL-2 in serum was increased in active patients significantly. Alveolar bone loss in active site was correlated with $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-2 in GCF. And loss of attachment in active site was correlated with IL-2 in GCF. These results demonstrate that IL-2 in serum, $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-2, IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ in GCF, P, intermedia might be used as possible predictors of disease activity in refractory periodontitis before it is clinically expressed as attachment loss and quantitative alveolar bone change.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.126-132
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• 2001

Background and Objectives : Signal traduction through phospholipase C(PLC) participate in the regulation of cell growth and differentiation. Growth factors bind to their receptors and thereby induce tyrosine phophorylation of the phospholipase C-${\gamma}$1(PLC-${\gamma}$1). PLC-${\gamma}$1 is a substrate for several receptor tyrosine kinases and its catalytic activity is increased by tyrosine phosphorylation. Tyrosine kinase phosphorylation of PLC-${\gamma}$1 stimulates PLC activation and cell proliferation. However the signal transduction pathway and the significance of PLC in injured recurrent laryngeal nerve regeneration is unknown. Therefore after we obtained fuctionally recovered rats using PEMF in this study, we attempt to provide some evidence that PLC plays a role in nerve regeneration itself and regeneration related to PEMF through the analysis of the difference between fucntional recovery group and non-recovery group in the recurrent laryngeal nerve. Materials and Method : Using 32 healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats, transections and primary anastomosis were performed on their left recurrent laryngeal nerves. Rats were then randomly assigned to 2 groups. The experimental group(n=16) received PEMS by placing them in custom cages equipped with Helm-holz coils(3hr/day, 5days/wk, for 12wk). The control group(n=16) were handled the same way as the experimental group, except that they did not receive PEMS. Laryngo-videoendoscopy was performed before and after surgery and followed up weekly. Laryngeal EMG was obtained in both PCA and TA muscles. Immunohistochemisty staining and Western blotting analysis using monoclonal antibody was performed to detect PLC-${\gamma}$1 in recurrent laryngeal nerve and nodose ganglion. Results : 10 rats(71%) in experimental group and 4 rats(38%) in the control group showed recovery of vocal fold motion. Functionally-recoverd rats show PLC-${\gamma}$1 positive cells in neuron and ganglion cells after 12 weeks from nerve injury. Conclusion : This study shows that PLC1-${\gamma}$ involved in singnal trasduction pathway in functinal recovery of injured recurrent laryngeal nerve and PEMF enhance the functional recovery by effect on this molecule.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.167-176
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• 2003

This study sought to observe systematic relationships through taximetrical analyses by morphological characters among the 10 species, on three species in the virilis section (D. virilis, D. tsigana and D. lacertosa) and seven species in the quinaria section (D. angularis, D. brachvnephros, D. curvispina, D. kuntzei, D. nigromaculata, D. takadai and D. unispina) of the subgenus Drosophila. In the cluster and the cladistic analysis among the members of subgenus Drosophila, 10 species was divided into the 1st group of D. virilis, D. tsigana, and D. lacertosa and the 2nd group of D. angularis, D. brachynephros, D. curvispina, D. kuntzei, D. nigromaculata, D. takadai, and D. unispina. In cluster analysis, the 2nd group had three sister groups; one sister group that clustered D. angularis and D. brachynephros then D. unispina was clustered to them, another sister group clustered D, curvispina and D. takadai then D. kuntzei was clustered to them and the other sister group of D. nigromaculata. In the 10 species, D. virilis and D. lacertosa were the first to be divided and then D. tsigana. Although 1st group which D. virilis was belonged can be determined as more primitive than the 2nd group, it seemed that this group was not the direct ancestor of the 2nd group, rather there should be another ancestor. Among the quinaria species group, D. nigromaculata was the first to be divided and D. kuntzei was the most recent species to be divided.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.5-15
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• 2010

Business corporations have become specialized and on the basis of various interests try to strengthen their competitiveness through a cooperative system of purchase, distribution, service and IT technology. And an advanced Internet-based electronic commerce has witnessed explosive growth and a business-to-business (B2B) electronic commerce. Through E-marketplace. business corporations achieve such diverse utilities as expenditure curtailment, process reduction and prime cost reduction. And with business depression worldwide and soaring prices of materials, many business corporations consider the introduction of comprehensive purchase of MRO (maintenance, repair and operation) materials. The Purpose of this study was to examine the definition of B2B E-marketplace and the utilities of MRO commerce correctly focusing on an empirical analysis of cases of MRO supply and purchase business corporations. The indications acquired from this research results are as follows. Firstly, as for MRO integrated purchase under the characteristics of the market environment, it had to use the supplier obligatorily through the integrated purchase on the level of CEO's decision-making or the group rather than the voluntary will of the purchasing department or the procurement department. Secondly, as for the present B2B E-marketplace MRO purchase, the purchasing agency business has formed the mainstream, but it is aiming at the diversification of the benefit by supplementing/correcting the business model such as category type, mediation business type, MRO-type advancing in the store inclusive of the purchasing agency business, keeping pace with the potential market of MRO. Thirdly, as for analysis of the products, the purchaser wants more various products and assortment of goods than those of the present time, and also to be provided with the precise product information. Especially, as the importance of the product sourcing becomes high, the whole energy has been bestowed on acquirement of the excellent suppliers. Fourth, as for use of B2B E-marketplace MRO integrated purchasing system, there are the purchasing companies complaining the inconvenience even until now, and there is the demerit spending the long time during the image move and the process treatment. It shall try to shorten the searching time and the process treatment time as the system is centered on the purchaser. In order to enhance the efficiency of MRO E-marketplace purchase, followings must be considered: First, because the importance of product sources ever increases, an excellent supplier must be secured earnestly. Second, the time of process must be reduced focusing on purchasers. B2B E-marketplace will increase and diversify electronic commerce continuously. Through MRO E-marketplace, business corporations will reduce expenditure, achieve a transparent and speedy trade, and purchase products of fine quality, thus establishing a most effective market. In addition, in this study the investigator brings focus into MRO which has not been clearly discussed in the academic and business world so far and intensively highlights an indirect material-oriented expenditure curtailment effect. By taking all the aspects of supplier, purchaser and practical economical value into account, the investigator presents a strategic direction for the successful comprehensive purchase of B2B MRO.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.395-404
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• 1987

A nutritional quality and rancidity of marketed korean traditional foods were assessed. That is, basic chemical analysis were done in Galbi-tang, Sullung-tang, Pibimbap, Pulkogi and Naeng Myon. Ca and P for the Galbi-tang and Sulung-tang and vitamin C for the Pibimbap were analyzed. Chemical analysis were done in Gangjung 4, Sanja 1, Parksan 6, Yoomilkwa, 4 out of korean traditional cookies. Amounts of energy and protein in Galbi -tang and protein and Ca in Sullung -tang are more than the recommended allowance at ta meal. Amounts of Ca in Galbi-tang and energy in SUllung-tang are less than the recommended . The amounts of energy and protein in Pibimbap, Pullkigi and Naeng Myon Except protein in Pullkogi are short of the recommended at a meal. And amounts of vitamin C in Pibimbap are short of the recommended, too. The content of carbohydrate in Korean traditional cookies is the highest one comparing to others. Contents of crude fat in Gangjung Parksan and Dasik which are made up of sesame, black sesame and pine nuts are higher than that of other Korean traditional cookies. Acid value and peroxide value in all Gangjung, Yoomilkwan and Sanja except the peroxide value in one Sanja product, are not in the excess of standard of peroxide value and acid value. The standard are 600meq/kg and 3 for peroxide value and acid value respectively in oil treated foods.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.171-177
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• 2008

This work intends to investigate the effects of pedaling directions on the muscle actions during the bicycle's uphill propulsion. A test rig was developed that consists of a bicyle with a special planetary geartrain, a height-adjustable treadmill, a rear-wheel support and a magnetic brake. A three-dimensional motion analysis was performed for measuring kinematic characteristics of the forward backward pedaling and the electromygraphy(EMG) measurements were simultaneously performed for estimating the muscle actions of the leg. In this work, four muscles are considered including Gastrocnemius muscle(GM), Vastus lateralis(VL), Tibialis anterior(TA) and Soleus(SOL) while the uphill slope is varied from $0^{\circ}$ to $6^{\circ}$. Raw EMG signals were first processed through the root-mean-square(RMS) averaging and then ensemble curves were derived by averaging the EMG RMS envelopes over 50 consecutive cycles. Results show that both the kinemactic characteristics and the muscle actions are significantly affected by the pedaling direction. The crank speed of the forward pedaling is higher but the difference in speed is reduced as the slope is increased. The ensemble curves of the :ac signals clearly exhibit some differences in their patterns, peak values and the corresponding locations with respect to the crank angle. The peak values of most EMG signals are higher for the forward pedaling regardless of the slope magnitude. However, the averages of the EMG signals are not observed to have a similar relationship with the pedaling direction, which seems to be affected by several factors such as less experience of the participants' backward pedaling. inappropriate bicycle design for the backward pedaling. These limitations will be further considered in future work.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.341-349
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• 2017

PURPOSE. This study evaluated the accuracies of different bite registration techniques for implant-fixed prostheses using three dimensional file analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Implant fixtures were placed on the mandibular right second premolar, and the first and second molar in a polyurethane model. Aluwax (A), Pattern Resin (P), and Blu-Mousse (B) were used as the bite registration materials on the healing abutments (H) or temporary abutments (T). The groups were classified into HA, HP, HB, TA, TP, and TB according to each combination. The group using the bite impression coping was the BC group; impression taking and bite registration were performed simultaneously. After impression and bite taking, the scan bodies were connected to the lab analogs of the casts. These casts were scanned using a model scanner. The distances between two reference points in three-dimensional files were measured in each group. One-way ANOVA and Duncan's test were used at the 5% significance level. RESULTS. The smallest distance discrepancy was observed in the TB group using the temporary abutments. The Blu-Mousse and HP groups showed the largest distance discrepancy. The TB and BC groups showed a lower distance discrepancy than the HP group (P=.001), and there was no significant difference between the groups using the temporary abutments and healing abutments (P>.05). CONCLUSION. Although this study has limitations as an in-vitro investigation, the groups using the temporary abutments to hold the Blu-Mousse record and bite impression coping showed greater accuracy than the group using the healing abutments to hold the pattern resin record.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.687-700
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• 2014

Rice blast (Magnaporthe oryza B.) is one of the most important diseases in rice that causing great yield losses every year around the world. It is important to screen valuable genetic resources for improving blast resistance. This study was conducted to identify the blast resistance in 279 Korean rice landraces using blast nursery tests and isolate inoculum screening. The results showed that 11 landrace accessions found to be resistant to rice blast in blast nursery and inoculation screening tests and the degree of lesions in most accessions showed that they were susceptible to reactions. In order to find the distribution of blast resistant genes, a molecular survey was conducted to identify the presence of major blast resistance (R) gene in 279 Korean landraces. The results revealed that their frequency distribution was Pik-m (36.2%), Piz (25.4%), Pit (13.6%), and Pik (10%). Besides, the frequency distribution of Piz-t, Pii, Pik-m/Pik-p, Pi-39(t), Pib, Pi-d(t)2, Pita/Pita-2 and Pi-ta genes were identified as less than 10%. The results did not consist with the reactions against blast diseases between genotypes and phenotypic part of the nursery tests and isolate inoculation. For concluding these results, we used genome-wide SSR markers that have closely been located with resistance genes. The PCoA analysis showed that the landrace accessions formed largely two distinct groups according to their degree of blast resistance. By comparing genetic diversities using polymorphic information contents (PIC) value among the resistant, total and susceptible landraces, we found that PIC values decreased in four SSR markers and increased in six markers in the resistant accessions, which showed contrary to total and susceptible groups. These regions might be linked to resistance alleles. In this study, we evaluated the degree of blast resistance and the information about the distribution of rice blast resistant genes in Korean rice landraces. This study might be the basis for association analysis of blast resistance in rice.