• 대한디지털의료영상학회논문지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.9-14
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• 2012

Exposed dose of young child should be managed necessarily. Young child is more sensitive than adult of a Radioactivity, especially, and lives longer than adult. Must reduce exposed dose which follows The ALARA(As Low As Reasonably Achievable)rule is recommended by ICRP(International Commission on Radiological Protection)within diagnostic useful range. Therefore, We have to prepare Pediatric DRL(Diagnostic Reference Level) in Korea as soon as possible. Consequently, in this study, wish to estimate organ dose and effective dose using PCXMC Program(a PC-Based Monte Carlo Program), and measure ESD(Entrance surface dose)and organ dose using Glass dosimeter, and then compare with DRL which follows EC(European Commission)and NRPB(National Radiological Protection Board). Using glass dosimeter and PCXMC programs conforming to the International Committee for Radioactivity Prevention(ICRP)-103 tissue weighting factor based on the item before the organs contained in the Chest, Skull, Pelvis, Abdomen in the organ doses and effective dose and dose measurements were evaluated convenience. In a straightforward way to RANDO phantom inserted glass dosimeter(GD352M)by using the hospital pediatric protocol, and in a indirect way was PCXMC the program through a virtual simulation of organ doses and effective dose were calculated. The ESD in Chest PA is 0.076mGy which is slightly higher than the DRL of NRPB(UK) is 0.07mGy, and is lower than the DRL of EC(Europe) which is 0.1mGy. The ESD in Chest Lateral is 0.130mGy which is lower than the DRL of EC(Europe) is 0.2mGy. The ESD in Skull PA is 0.423mGy which is 40 percent lower than the DRL of NRPB(UK) is 1.1mGy and is 28 percent lower than the DRL of EC(Europe) is 1.5mGy. The ESD in Skull Lateral is 0.478mGy which is half than the DRL of NRPB(UK) is 0.8mGy, is 40 percent lower than the DRL of EC(Europe) is 1mGy. The ESD in Pelvis AP is 0.293mGy which is half than the DRL of NRPB(UK) is 0.60mGy, is 30 percent lower than the DRL of EC(Europe)is 0.9mGy. Finally, the ESD in Abdomen AP is 0.223mGy which is half than the DRL of NRPB(UK) is 0.5mGy, and is 20 percent lower than the DRL of EC is 1.0mGy. The six kind of diagnostic radiological examination is generally lower than the DRL of NRPB(UK)and EC(Europe) except for Chest PA. Shouldn't overlook the age, body, other factors. Radiological technician must realize organ dose, effective dose, ESD when examining young child in hospital. That's why young child is more sensitive than adult of a Radioactivity.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.45-51
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• 1993

The purpose of this study is to provide some information for the proper education on clothing wearing habits so that the education may be performed in the direction of social needs according to the social change and in the direction of the needs and interest of the high school girl students in their adolescence by being conscious of the influence of clothing on the high school girl students. I have used questionaire as an instrument of measurement. The length of the time of survey is from February 11, 1991 to February 28. The subjects are 544 first grade girl students of general high schools in Cheong-Ju, Choong-Ju, and Je-Cheon. The analysis of the data includes frequency, percentage, average person's Correlation Program, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe's test. The conclusion of this study is as follows: The first, it is shown that (l)students's interest in the design and fashion of clothing is significantly related to the socio-anthropological and socio-psychological factors such and the education level of their fathers, the education level of their mothers, monthly income of their homes, the clothing habits of their home economics teachers, the subjects which they are interested in, their average scholoary achievements, their religious background, and whether they have boy friends or not, etd. (2)students' interest in purchasing of clothing is significantly related to the socio-anthropological and socio-psychological factors such as the education level of their fathers, the education level of their mothers, monthly income of their homes, the clothing habits of their home economics teachers, the subjects which they are interested in, their average scholoary achievements, and whether they have boy friends or not, etc. (3)students' interest in the social-psyclological aspect is significantly related to the socio-anthropological and socio-psychological factors such as their living area, the clothing habits of their home economics teachers, etc. (4)students' interest in the clothing construction is significantly related to only the clothing habits of their home economics teachersl. (5)students' interest in the clothing management is significantly related to the socio-anthropological and socio-psychological factors such as the education level of their parents, the age of their mothers, their religious background, and their sisters. The second, as for the interest of the high school girl students in clothing, it has been shown that those who wear school uniforms tend to have more interest than those who wear free-choice clothes in such areas as shopping, the construction, and management. As for the other two areas, that is, disign and fashion, and the interest in socio-psychological dependence there has been little meaningful difference between the two groups, while the uniform group has shown more interest than the other group. The third, the interest of hish school students in clothing is considered to be most seriously influenced by their socio-psychological dependence out of five areas of interest. It has been shown that the proportion of the content dealing with clothing wearing life in the high school home economics texbooks in relatively small, especially in such areas as socio-psychological dependence, shopping, management, and design and fashion except in construcion.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.107-118
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• 2018

직지사 대웅전 포벽화에 대한 보존상태 진단 및 재질분석 등 과학적 조사를 통해 벽화 보존방안 마련을 위한 연구를 실시하였다. 포벽화 보존상태 평가 결과, 채색층 열화 및 벽화면 오염 등의 손상이 큰 것으로 나타났으며, 벽체 균열 및 파손 그리고 층간 분리 등 벽체의 구조적 손상이 심화된 것으로 나타났다. 광학적 조사결과 밑그림 또는 덧칠의 흔적 등 채색층에서의 특이점은 확인되지 않았다. 벽화 별 초음파 탐상 속도는 표면 위치에 따라 낮게는 약 195.8 m/s부터 높게는 392.7 m/s까지 측정되어 위치에 따른 표면 물성을 비교할 수 있었으며, 적외선 열화상 촬영에서는 벽체 층간 분리 및 채색층 박리부위가 면밀하게 검출되어 손상에 대한 객관적인 파악이 가능하였다. 재질 분석 결과 벽체는 모래와 풍화토를 사용하여 제작한 것으로 확인되었으며, 벽체층은 모래와 세립사 이하 크기의 토양을 거의 5:5로 혼합하였고, 마감층은 중립사와 세립사를 약 6:4 비율로 혼합한 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 마감층의 경우 극세립사 이하 크기의 혼합비율이 벽체층에 비해 현저히 적은 것으로 나타났다. 직지사 대웅전 포벽화는 토벽체가 갖는 구조 특성과 함께 벽체층간 밀도 차이로 인해 벽체 파손과 층간 분리현상이 발생한 것으로 판단된다.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.70-76
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• 2016

이번 연구의 목적은 하이드록시아파타이트를 이용하여 블라스팅 처리한 뒤 양극산화 방법을 이용하여 하이드록시아파타이트와 이산화티탄이 복합된 표면을 만들고, 이에 대해 세포부착양상을 관찰하고 ALP 활성도와 칼슘 침착량을 측정함으로써 세포 분화능을 평가하여 표면의 생체적합성을 평가하는 데 있다. 이를 위해 실험을 진행한 결과 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 접촉각 분석 결과, 복합처리된 HA+100과 HA+MAO 150은 유의하게 낮은 접촉각을 나타내었다(p<0.05). 세포부착 관찰 결과 연마 처리한 SM 시편에서는 납작한 모양으로 세포가 붙어있는 모습을 관찰할 수 있었으나, 표면 처리된 실험군에서는 세포의 모양이 시편을 따라 좀 더 길게 뻗어 부착된 모습을 관찰할 수 있었다. ALP 활성도 측정 결과 HA+MAO 150과 HA+MAO 200은 1, 2, 3주 모든 기간에서 가장 높은 ALP 활성도를 나타내었다(p>0.05). 칼슘양 측정 결과 HA+MAO 150 과 HA+MAO 200은 1, 2, 3주 모든 기간에서 가장 많은 칼슘양을 나타내었다(p<0.05). 따라서 하이드록시아파타이트 이산화티탄이 복합 코팅된 표면은 높은 표면에너지를 가지며 우수한 세포활성도를 나타내어 치과용 임플란트 표면으로 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것이라고 생각된다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제11권10호
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• pp.577-584
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• 2013

토모테라피의 영상유도방사선치료는 환자의 자세재현성을 증가시켜 방사선치료의 정확성을 향상 시킬 수 있으나 그 정확성이 검증되어야 하며, MVCT 촬영에 의한 환자피폭이 발생할 수 있다. 본 연구에서 토모테라피의 영상유도 정확성은 1.0mm 이내로 매우 양호하게 측정되었으며, 선량은 각각 Fine(2mm) 3cGy, Normal(4mm) 1.5cGy, Corse(6mm) 1cGy로, 해상력은 Normal에서 비교적 양호하게 나타났다. 따라서 환자 피폭을 줄이기 위해서 Fine 보다 Normal을 선택하고 MVCT 촬영범위를 최소화하여 실시하는 것이 바람직하다.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.86-96
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• 2000

The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of Warming Therapy used with patients consistantly before and during surgery to on changes in their body temperatures. The data were collected from patients in a university hospital in Taegu between December 1, 1998 and May 31, 1999. The subjects were selected from patients who were hospitalized for total hip replacement surgery. Thirty participants were assigned to two groups : experimental(Warming Therapy) group and control group. Each group consisted of 15 patients. The research design was a repeated measurement design, using a nonequivalent control group. The Warming Therapy, using a forced-air warming blanket, that is a, 'Bair Hugger' was applied to subjects in the experimental group. The subjects in the group were treated with the 'Bair Hugger' to warm up the whole body for 40 minutes before surgery and upper body and face during the operation. The core temperature was measured using a tympanic thermometer. The body temperature of the patients was measured 13 times every 15 minutes during the surgery. After the operation the body temperature of the patients was measured 4 times every 15 minutes, from the time of arrivial in the recovery room to the time of leaving the recovery room. The SPSS Win 9.0 program was used for data analysis. Specific methods tested were done using ${\chi}^2-test$, t-test, repeated measures ANOVA. The findings of the study are as follows. 1. The first hypothesis, 'The level of tympanic temperature for the experimental group which received Warming Therapy will be higher than that of the control group during the operation', was supported (F=32.16, p=.000). 2. The second hypothesis, 'The level of tympanic temperature for the experimental group which received Warming Therapy will be higher than that of the control group after the operation', was supported.(F=33.36, p=.000) 3. During recovery, shivering was observed one patient in the experimental group and seven patients in the control group. In summary, the findings of the study suggest that the 'Warming Therapy' applied before and during the surgery was a very effective treatment for surgical patients in maintaining the core temperature during surgery

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.81-106
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• 1992

The purpose of this study was to find out the causal relationship between perceptual level of stress and health state according to Korean constitutions and to analyze that effect on the Korean constitution's health state. Subjects of this study were 87 out patient department of constitution at Kyung-Hee Oriental Medicine Hospital. Data were collected by using interview with Questionaire during 6 months from Feb. 2 to June 31, 1991. The Measurement tools used by this researcher were Go's The Questionaire of Identify about constitution, Lee's stress scale and Go's modified Cornell Medical Index which were approved it's reliability and validity. All of the questionaires of were used after pre- test. For the purposes of the study, the collected data were analyzed by frequency, t-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation. And then this research's issue was tested by SAS program's ANCOVA. The findings of this study was summarized as follow. 1. There was significantly differences in stress perceptual level in Korean constitution. (F=9.68, P=.000). The So Em In (小陰人) were higher than the other constitution on stress perceptional level. 2. In health state, there was significantly difference among Korean constitution. (F=6.654, P=.002). Also the So Em In (小陰人) was lower than the other constitution at health state. Therefore, it was considerate that So Em In (小陰人) was higher perceptual level of stress than the other constitution and the resulting poor health state. 3. Stressful perception was effected on the health state, as a result inverted correlation was constructed between stress perception and health state. (r=-.6034, P=.0001) 4. After exclusion of stress perceptual level, each of the Korean Constitution's health state was not difference (F=1.01, P=.37). It was mean that differences of the Korean Constitution's perceptual level of stress effected on the health state. Bacause So Em In (小陰人) had higher perceptual level of stress than other constitution (F=9.687, P=.000), in proportion to that one's health state was poor. From the results of this study, it could be concluded that the higher stress perceptual level according to Korean constitution, the poorer health state. Further study in this area needs to be consideration that in order to coping with stress, researcher grope for quality nursing intervention with more accurative assessment about Korean constitution.

• 에너지공학
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.49-56
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• 2014

생물학적 하수처리공정에서 안정적인 방류수질 확보와 처리 비용을 적게 하는 것은 매우 중요하다. 하지만 유입수 유량 및 성분 농도의 변화와 미생물의 비선형적인 동특성, 기타 환경 요인에 의해서 최적의 운전 제어를 하기가 쉽지 않기 때문에, 기존의 하수처리장에서는 필요한 양 이상의 폭기 및 화학물질을 과량 주입하는 방법 등을 사용하였다. 본 연구에서는 포기조에서 미생물에 필요한 용존산 소농도를 유지함과 동시에 과폭기로 인한 전력 비용을 감소할 수 있는 최적 제어 방법을 제안하였다. 최적 제어를 위하여 실시간 미생물 호흡률 측정기(Oxygen uptake rate, OUR)을 이용하여 측정하였고, 실시간 호흡률 측정값을 바탕으로 현재 미생물에 필요한 최적 DO 농도를 제안하였으며, 이에 따라 공기송풍기가 자동제어될 수 있도록 구성하였다. 최적 제어 방법을 통하여 하수처리장 포기조의 공기 송풍량에 소요되는 전력비용을 절감할 수 있었다.

• 한국보육학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.145-163
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• 2019

본 연구는 유아 놀이에 대한 발달적 효과가 어떠한가를 메타분석을 통해 체계적으로 정리하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 2005년부터 2006년까지 11년간 국내에서 발행된 연구논문을 수집하였으며, 학위논문 90편과 학술논문 20편 등 총 110편의 논문을 최종 분석하였다. 연구결과 첫째, 유아 놀이에 의한 유아발달 전체효과크기는 1.21로 통제집단에 비해서 실험집단의 효과크기가 38.7% 높게 나타났다. 하지만 삽입된 효과크기를 계산한 결과 .81로 나타나 결측 연구들을 포함할 때는 현재 효과크기보다는 낮아질 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 유아발달 하위요인에서는 신체발달 1.28은 .95으로, 정서발달 1.42에서 .86로, 사회성 발달 1.13은 .85로, 인지발달 1.19는 1.07로, 언어발달 1.30은 1.30으로, 창의성 발달 1.00은 .69로 실제 효과크기는 대체적으로 낮아지는 경향을 보였으나 모든 발달영역에서 효과크기가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 조절변인에 의한 효과크기를 살펴본 결과 측정방법, 연령, 훈련, 총 횟수, 놀이유형에서 집단 간에 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 유아 놀이가 발달적 측면에 효과가 있다는 것을 밝힘으로써 놀이가 유아의 발달을 반영하고, 발달을 촉진하며 발달적 변화를 위한 도구로서의 기능을 한다는 것을 확인하였다는데 의의가 있다.

• Composites Research
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.201-215
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 초고온 환경에서 내화학성 및 열적 안정성이 우수한 지오폴리머 기반의 알루미노실리케이트 레진과 세라믹 섬유를 활용한, 목표주파수 X-band(8.2 GHz to 12.4 GHz)에서 전자파를 흡수하는 세라믹 복합재(Radar-absorbing ceramic composite, RACC)를 구현하였다. 주 성분이 FeSi인 판형 구조의 샌더스트 자성 입자를 분산시킨 알루미노실리케이트 레진은 목표 주파수 대역에서 자성 및 유전손실 특성을 발휘하였고, 입도와 무게분율별 유전특성을 Cole-Cole Plot으로 표현하였다. 샌더스트가 분산된 알루미노실리케이트 레진의 미세구조, 화학적 성분 및 결정, 자기 및 열적 특성 등을 분석하기 위해 SEM, EDS, VSM 및 TGA를 측정하였다. 샌더스트의 입도 크기 35 ㎛, 무게분율 40 wt.%를 분산시킨 레진의 유전손실 특성을 활용하여, X-band에서 약 1.51 GHz 대역폭에 대해 -10 dB 이하의 반사손실 성능을 발휘하는 단층형(t = 1.585 mm) RACC를 설계 및 제작하였다. 제작된 RACC의 초고온(25℃ to 1,000℃)에서 전자파 흡수 거동을 살피기 위해 개발된 초고온 환경 자유공간측정 장비를 활용하여 X-band 대역에서 그 성능을 검증하였다.