• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.1049-1057
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• 2011

Today, most weapon systems operate as component systems of SoS(System of Systems) and they produce synergy effects in the battle field by interoperating. In addition, the acquisition issues on weapon systems have expanded into SoS context including sustainment analysis. Availability is the sustainment KPP(Key Performance Parameter) of weapon systems. In this paper, a simulation model is proposed to analyze the availability of SoS. The simulation model consists of 5 modules: Mission and Task, System, System RBD, Maintenance system and a simulation engine. Then it was implemented and applied to a SoS. As a result of the application, the simulation model could be applied for analyzing the availability of the SoS and provided information about critical tasks and risky component systems to complete the given mission of the SoS.

• KIISE Transactions on Computing Practices
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.256-261
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• 2017

The notion of System of Systems (SoS), which is composed by many independent systems (i.e., Constituent Systems, CS), has emerged in various domains including social infrastructure. It is widely expected that complex requirements, which cannot be achieved in each CS-level, will be achieved in an SoS-level. While verification of SoS-level goal achievement is one of the most important problems, concrete case studies on SoS modeling and verification are still rare. In this paper, we focus on the fact that each CS performs an action for its own purpose by its own decision-making mechanism. We propose a novel Action-Benefit-Cost (ABC) SoS model which caters to the independent decision-making mechanisms of CSs. Using an abstract SoS example, this proposal provides a case study for the modeling and quantitative verification of the ABC SoS model.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.450-460
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• 2013

A complex system such as defense systems is in a form of System of Systems (SoS) in which each component is a system being independent of other component systems. Dynamical behavior of SoS is represented by a composition of behaviors of component systems. Thus, a M&S tool/environment would not be efficient for development of heterogeneous models nor for simulation in a centralized environment. Moreover, such an environment restricts reusability and composability. This paper presents an interoperation method for M&S of defense systems as SoS. The approach first develops component system models using tools, each specialized to M&S of each component system. It then interoperates such simulations together to simulate a whole system as SoS. HLA/RTI is employed for such interoperation, which is a DoD/IEEE standard to support interoperation. We will introduce a case study for interoperable simulation of defense systems, which consists of a wargame simulator and a communication simulator.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2013

The recent trend in the war fields on the globe may be characterized by the network-centric warfare, which would, in turn, make the concept of weapon systems be changed. To this end, the concept of system of systems (SoS) has been introduced in literature. An SoS is a collection of multiple systems, each of which is an independent system and can be interoperable with each other. Thus, in defense domain each SoS is a big weapon system as a whole operated in actual environment and each element of it is also an independent smaller weapon system, but they should be interoperable via network among each other. The safety results studied for each elementary system alone may not be fully applicable to the whole SoS. As such, the objective of this paper is to study how to make the SoS safety requirements be distributed down over the interoperable elementary systems. Since handling the interoperability requires a technique of systems architecture, a standard method called the DoD Architectural Framework (DoDAF) has been used here to derive a solution. Using DoDAF, the safety requirements were first analyzed in the operability environment. The results were then studied to be included in an integrated model of both the systems design and safety processes. A further study of present paper would facilitate ensuring safety in the development of SoS weapon systems in practice.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.19-29
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• 2017

System Entity Structure/Model Base (SES/MB) enhances organizing model families and storing and reusing model components in the multifaceted system modeling. However, the real world can be described not only an individual system but also a collection of those systems, which is called system of systems (SoS). Because SES/MB has a limitation to simulate the SoS using HLA/RTI, an extended framework is required to simulate it. Therefore, this paper proposes System of Systems Entity Structure/Federate Base (SoSES/FB) for simulation in a distributed environment (HLA/RTI). The proposed method provides the library of federates (FB) and System of System Entity Structure (SoSES) formalism, which represents structural knowledge of a collection of simulators. It also provides a methodology for the development process of distributed simulation. The paper introduces the anti-missile defense simulation using the proposed SoSES/FB.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.57-66
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• 2010

This work describes an applications of CEP(Capability Evolution Process) in the SoS(Systems of Systems) environment. SoS is a set of systems that results when independent systems are integrated into a larger systems that delivers unique capability. CEP is focused on system performance and integration, interoperability requirement between systems within a force package. This work analyzes CEP and applies to OO joint marinetime operation. From these results, the possiblity of the CEP application in the SoS environment is presented.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.175-185
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• 2015

This paper presents a system-of-systems (SoS) approach to the formal modeling of a cyber-physical system (CPS) for simulation-based analysis. The approach is based on a convergence technology for modeling and simulation of a highly complex system in which SoS modeling methodology, hybrid systems modeling theory, and simulation interoperation technology are merged. The methodology maps each constituent system of a CPS to a disparate model of either continuous or discrete types. The theory employs two formalisms for modeling of the two model types with formal specification of interfaces between them. Finally, the technology adapts a simulation bus called DEVS BUS whose protocol synchronizes time and exchange messages between subsystems simulation. Benefits of the approach include reusability of simulation models and environments, and simulation-based analysis of subsystems of a CPS in an inter-relational manner.

• Journal of the military operations research society of Korea
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.71-84
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• 2010

This work describes capabilities based acquisition process in the SoS(System of Systems) environment. It is written as qualitative paper based on a cognitive paradigm. Future battle space is formed with grids of the various sensors and the shooters. It has been also transformed into a SoS concept which accomplishes missions and their functions through network based battle management systems in a single theater. The SoS is a set or arrangement of systems that results when independent and useful systems are integrated into a larger system that delivers unique capabilities. Therefore the acquisition process is changing over from single system requirements to capabilities based acquisition of the SoS. In this point of view, this paper analyzes functionally JCIDS, DAS and CEP which are critical elements of the acquisition process. From results of this comprehensive analysis, perspectives on the application of capabilities based acquisition suitable for Korean acquisition environment are presented.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.13-21
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• 2018

The system of systems (SoS) based analysis method for the C3 system consisting of the communication system and the command and control (C2) system has the advantage that detailed analysis is possible, but it requires long execution time per one trial, which makes the analysis of various scenarios difficult. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a method for analysis of C3 SoS using a transformation of a federation into an integrated simulation. This transformation technique reduces the execution time while maintaining accuracy by abstracting the system other than the one to be analyzed, consisting of model hypothesis and function identification. The former can construct an abstracted model for the simulation through the proposed extended Discrete Event Systems Specification (DEVS) formalism and the latter can express the characteristics of the model influenced by other systems. From the case study on C and C2 analysis, the experimental results show that this method shortened the time considerably while maintaining the accuracy within an acceptable error range and we expect that this method will enable the exploratory analysis of the complex systems other than C3.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.624-635
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• 2015

Design space exploration has been much neglected in aircraft conceptual design phase, which often leads to a waste of time and cost in design, manufacture and operation process. It is necessary to explore design space based on operational system-of-systems (SoS) simulation during the early phase for a competitive design. This paper proposes a methodology to analyze aircraft performance parameters in four steps: combination of parameters, object analysis, operational simulation, and key-parameters analysis. Meanwhile, the design space of an unmanned aerial vehicle applied in earthquake search and rescue SoS is explored based on this methodology. The results show that applying SoS simulation into design phase has important reference value for designers on aircraft conceptual design.