• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.422-429
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• 2013

Advances in wireless sensor network (WSN) technology have enabled small and low-cost sensors with the capability of sensing various types of physical and environmental conditions, data processing, and wireless communication. In the WSN, the sensor nodes have a limited transmission range and their processing and storage capabilities as well as their energy resources are limited. A triple umpiring system has already been proved for its better performance in WSNs. The clustering technique is effective in prolonging the lifetime of the WSN. In this study, we have modified the ad-hoc on demand distance vector routing by incorporating signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) based dynamic clustering. The proposed scheme, which is an efficient and secure routing protocol for wireless sensor networks through SNR-based dynamic clustering (ESRPSDC) mechanisms, can partition the nodes into clusters and select the cluster head (CH) among the nodes based on the energy, and non CH nodes join with a specific CH based on the SNR values. Error recovery has been implemented during the inter-cluster routing in order to avoid end-to-end error recovery. Security has been achieved by isolating the malicious nodes using sink-based routing pattern analysis. Extensive investigation studies using a global mobile simulator have shown that this hybrid ESRP significantly improves the energy efficiency and packet reception rate as compared with the SNR unaware routing algorithms such as the low energy aware adaptive clustering hierarchy and power efficient gathering in sensor information systems.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1999.07g
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• pp.3064-3066
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• 1999

The existing equipment with wire communication can expect the stability of data transmission. However, according to increasing a number of DTE (Data Terminal Equipment), wiring work becomes a heavy burden. Restriction to application about portable DTE and the lack of flexibility are another drawback of wire communication. This paper presents the design and implementation of a RF (Radio Frequency) based wireless communication system. The RF based module is designed to the multi communication between DTEs. The RF based module consists of RF circuit and microprocessor. The main properties of RF circuit are maximum 5Kbps transmission rate, maximum 90m transmission distance and 433MHz frequency band. The microprocessor rearrange the data into AHDLC(Advanced High level Data Link Control) format and then instructs RF circuits to transmit/receive the data. The RF module have a wide application field such as fire/security alarm, remote control/measurement etc..

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2002.04b
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• pp.853-856
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• 2002

인터넷이라는 거대한 네트워크에 연결되어 있는 시스템의 보안 상태를 주기적으로 점검하여 외부로부터의 공격에 취약한 부분을 보완하여 주는 일은 공격에 대한 방어를 위하여 가장 기본적인 일이다. 그러나 수많은 호스트가 상호 연결된 네트워크 관리 시스템에서 관리자가 각 시스템의 보안상 취약점을 전부 인지하고 이에 대한 보완을 수행하는 것은 상당히 어려운 일이다. 따라서 관리자의 수작업에 의한 취약점 분석 작업보다는 자동화된 관리 도구에 의한 취약점 분석이 효율적이다. 이에 본 논문에서는 네트워크 서비스인 HTTP, SMTP의 취약점을 원격에서 분석하는 시스템을 설계 및 구현하였다. WAVAMS는 에이전트와 독립된 mobile 코드의 이동에 의한 동적 분석 모듈의 추가로 가장 최근의 취약점을 신속하게 분석 할 수 있으며 확장성이 높다. 또한 웹 기반으로 설계되어 관리자가 용이하게 관리할 수 있다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2004.05b
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• pp.733-738
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• 2004

In a distributed network system, Kerberos certification mechanism is operated by a user in local area on the premise reliability of Kerberos server in another area. But it has a demerit. If security information of certification server between Kerberos servers is released, Kerberos server can not guarantee the reliability. To solve this problem, the proposed mechanism prevents password speculating attack by increasing the random of password certifier through use of distributed password in stead of certification center and certification which was presented by existing Kerberos mechanism. Besides, it used password based certification method which uses secret distributed technique

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2012.04a
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• pp.738-741
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• 2012

한국정보통신기술협회(TTA)에서 표준 제안한 WBAN(Wireless Body Area Network)은 인체 내부 통신(in-body or implant)과, 인체 외부 통신(on-body)통신으로 구분하고 있다. 생체측정 정보 중 체온, 호흡, 맥박, 운동량, 심박의 부분적인 데이터 수집을 바탕으로 환자의 생체정보 데이터를 수합 후 데이터 프레임구조로 변환하여 스마트모바일 애플리케이션 환경에서 사용자가 모바일기기 화면에 정보를 표시 할 수 있다. 이렇게 표시된 정보들은 환자의 상태를 실시간으로 자신의 스마트모바일을 이용하여 확인할 수 있으며, 이러한 정보를 보호하고 의료기관에 전송하기 위한 방법으로 국제표준암호알고리즘인 HIGHT 알고리즘을 적용하여 생체정보 데이터의 부분 암호화 적용을 설계 하였다. 이를 통해 의료기관의 인증서버에 대한 부하 감소 및 환자의 생체정보의 보안 강화를 제시한다.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.745-758
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• 2018

A wide range of studies in various disciplines has focused on the Internet of Things (IoT) and cyber-physical systems (CPS). However, it is necessary to summarize the current status and to establish future directions because each study has its own individual goals independent of the completion of all IoT applications. The absence of a comprehensive understanding of IoT and CPS has disrupted an efficient resource allocation. To assess changes in the knowledge structure and emerging technologies, this study explores the dynamic research trends in IoT by analyzing bibliographic data. We retrieved 54,237 keywords in 12,600 IoT studies from the Scopus database, and conducted keyword frequency, co-occurrence, and growth-rate analyses. The analysis results reveal how IoT technologies have been developed and how they are connected to each other. We also show that such technologies have diverged and converged simultaneously, and that the emerging keywords of trust, smart home, cloud, authentication, context-aware, and big data have been extracted. We also unveil that the CPS is directly involved in network, security, management, cloud, big data, system, industry, architecture, and the Internet.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.565-575
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• 2022

In this paper, we propose a non-fungible token (NFT) transaction method that can commercialize the real 3D property and make property sharing possible using the 3D reconstruction technique. In addition, our proposed method enhances the security of NFT copyright and metadata by using optical encryption. In general, a conventional NFT is used for 2D image proprietorial rights. To expand the scope of the use of tokens, many cryptocurrency industries are currently trying to apply tokens to real three-dimensional (3D) property. However, many token markets have an art copyright problem. Many tokens have been minted without considering copyrights. Therefore, tokenizing real property can cause significant social issues. In addition, there are not enough methods to mint 3D real property for NFT commercialization and sharing property tokens. Therefore, we propose a new token management technique to solve these problems using integral imaging and double random phase encryption. To show our system, we conduct a private NFT market using a test blockchain network that can demonstrate the whole NFT transaction process.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.15-22
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• 2022

Purpose: In the manufacturing sector, VDI (Virtual Desktop Infrastructure) offers advantages to the organizations, such as allowing manufacturers access to the system from any location. The most important things are understanding what the user needs, avoiding under-provisioning, network preparation. This research is to provide useful practical l implementations of VDI in manufacturing industry based on numerous prior studies. Research design, data and methodology: This research has conducted the qualitative content analysis (QCA). When conducting this research, the present author assumed that it is crucial to create the procedures and processes that will be used to acquire the text data needed to structure or solve problems. Results: According to the prior literature analysis, there are five suggestions to implement successful VDI for manufacturing sector. The five solutions are (1) Creation of the machines, (2) Direct users to an available 'Virtual Machine', (3) 'Virtual Machine Power Management', (4) Performance monitoring, and (5) Review security. Conclusions: The research clearly details how VDI can be implemented on a manufacturer platform and how it can be connected to hundreds of users. The author can conclude that connecting hundreds of users can be done using the remote connection of devices and encourage manufacturers to work from different areas.

• Review of KIISC
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.7-17
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• 2022

운전자 보조 시스템을 통한 차량의 전자적인 제어를 위하여, 최근 차량에 탑재된 전자 제어 장치 (ECU; Electronic Control Unit)의 개수가 급증하고 있다. ECU는 효율적인 통신을 위해서 차량용 내부 네트워크인 CAN(Controller Area Network)을 이용한다. 하지만 CAN은 기밀성, 무결성, 접근 제어, 인증과 같은 보안 메커니즘이 고려되지 않은 상태로 설계되었기 때문에, 공격자가 네트워크에 쉽게 접근하여 메시지를 도청하거나 주입할 수 있다. 악의적인 메시지 주입은 차량 운전자 및 동승자의 안전에 심각한 피해를 안길 수 있기에, 최근에는 주입된 메시지를 식별하기 위한 침입 탐지 시스템(IDS; Intrusion Detection System)에 대한 연구가 발전해왔다. 특히 최근에는 AI(Artificial Intelligence) 기술을 이용한 IDS가 다수 제안되었다. 그러나 제안되는 기법들은 특정 공격 데이터셋에 한하여 평가되며, 각 기법에 대한 탐지 성능이 공정하게 평가되었는지를 확인하기 위한 평가 프레임워크가 부족한 상황이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 machine learning/deep learning에 기반하여 제안된 차랑용 IDS 5가지를 선정하고, 기존에 공개된 데이터셋을 이용하여 제안된 기법들에 대한 비교 및 평가를 진행한다. 공격 데이터셋에는 CAN의 대표적인 4가지 공격 유형이 포함되어 있으며, 추가적으로 본 논문에서는 메시지 주기 유형을 활용한 공격 유형을 제안하고 해당 공격에 대한 탐지 성능을 평가한다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.1671-1686
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• 2022

Face manipulation tools represented by Deepfake have threatened the security of people's biological identity information. Particularly, manipulation tools with deep learning technology have brought great challenges to Deepfake detection. There are many solutions for Deepfake detection based on traditional machine learning and advanced deep learning. However, those solutions of detectors almost have problems of poor performance when evaluated on different quality datasets. In this paper, for the sake of making high-quality Deepfake datasets, we provide a preprocessing method based on the image pixel matrix feature to eliminate similar images and the residual channel attention network (RCAN) to resize the scale of images. Significantly, we also describe a Deepfake detector named Cascaded-Hop which is based on the PixelHop++ system and the successive subspace learning (SSL) model. By feeding the preprocessed datasets, Cascaded-Hop achieves a good classification result on different manipulation types and multiple quality datasets. According to the experiment on FaceForensics++ and Celeb-DF, the AUC (area under curve) results of our proposed methods are comparable to the state-of-the-art models.