• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.11 no.2 s.54
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• pp.95-104
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• 2007

Three types of high-rise RC building structures having irregularity in the lower two stories were selected as prototypes and were performed nonlinear static analysis by using OpenSees to verify the analysis technique and to investigate the seismic capacity of those buildings. The first one has a symmetrical moment resisting frame (Model 1), the second has an infilled shear wall in the central frame (Model 2), and the third has an infilled shear wall only in one of exterior frames (Model 3). Fiber model, which consists of concrete and reinforcing bar represented from stress-strain relationship, is adapted used for simulate the nonlinearity of members, and MVLEM(Multi vertical linear element model) is used for simulate the behavior of wall. The analytical results are simulate the behavior of piloti stories well, for example, the stiffness and yield farce of piloti stories, the up-lift of wall and the variation of lateral stiffness of column due to the variation of axial forces. Overstrength of Model 2 and Model 3 are about 2 times larger than that of Model 1. The reason of the high oversttrength and ductility of Model 2 and Model 3 is that the conservative design of Model 2 and Model 3, whose beam and column sections are the same as those of Model 1. The ductilities of Model 1 and Model 3 are slightly larger than that of Model 1 and Model 3. Model 1 and Model 3 reached mechanism condition, whereas Model 2 failed to the shear failure of shear wall and the large axial forces in columns due to large overturning moment.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.375-384
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• 2004

Switching phenomenon of a three-waveguide optical coupler was analyzed by using the coupled mode theory, and the coupling-length of the device was calculated by means of the FDM. CPW traveling-wave electrodes were designed by the CMM and SOR simulation techniques so as to satisfy the conditions of phase-velocity and impedance matching. Traveling-wave modulators were fabricated on a z-cut LiNbO$_3$ substrate. Ti was in-diffused in LiNbO$_3$ to make waveguides and Au electrodes were built on the waveguides by the electroplating technique. Insertion loss and switching voltage of the optical modulator were about 4 ㏈ and 15.6V. Network analyzer was used to obtain S parameters and corresponding RF response. From the measurement, parameters of the traveling-wave electrodes were extracted as such Z$_{c}$=39.2 $\Omega$, Neff=2.48, and a0=0.0665/cm((GHz) (1/2)). The measured optical response R(w) was compared with the theoretically estimated and both responses were shown to agree well. The measurement results revealed that the ㏈ bandwidth turned out to be about 13 GHz.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.45-56
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• 1988

Many hydrothermal skarn-type iron ore deposits inchiding Mulgeum, Yangseong, Maeri and Kimhae mines are distributed in the south-eastern Gyeongnam Province, Korea. The deposits are magnetite veins which occurred in propylitized andesitic rock near the contact with late Cretaceous Masanite. Symmetrical zoned skarns are commonly developed around the magnetite veins. The order of the skarn zones from the vein is garnet-quartz skarn, epidote skarn, and epidote-orthoclase skarn. The garnets include isotropic or anisotropic andradite($Ad_{100{\sim}70}$), and the epidotes are composed of pistacite($Ps_{21-31}$). Fe contents of the epidotes generally increase toward the magnetite veins. Epidotes and garnets often show compositional variations from grain to grain, that is, their Fe and Al contents vary inversely. This suggests that the variations depend mainly upon $fo_2$ during the skarnization. Oxygen and carbon isotope analyses of minerals from andesitic rock, micrographic granite, major skarn zones and post-mineralization zones were conducted to provide the information on the formation temperature, the origin and the evolution of the hydrothermal solution forming the iron ore deposits. Becoming more distant from the ore vein, temperatures of skarn zones represent the decreasing tendency, but most ${\delta}O^{18}$ and ${\delta}O^{18}_{H_2O}$ values of skarn minerals represent no variation trend, and also the values are relatively low. Judging from all the isotopic data from the ore deposits, the major source of hydrothemal solution altering the skarn zones and precipitating the ore bodies was magmatic water derived from the more deeply seated micrographic granite. This high temperature hydrothermal solution rising through the fissures of propylitized andesitic rock was mixed with some meteoric water, and the extensive isotopic exchange occurred with the propylitized andesitic rock. During this process, the temperature and ${\delta}O^{18}_{H_2O}$ value of hydrothermal solution were lowered gradually. At the stage of iron ore precipitation, because after all the alteration was already finished, the oxygen isotopic exchange with the wall rock was nearly not taken. The relatively high ${\delta}O^{18}$ and ${\delta}O^{18}_{H_2O}$, and relatively low ${\delta}C^{13}$ values of calcites of post mineralization stage, are the results of leaching of the high ${\delta}O^{18}$ chert xenolith in the andesitic rock and low ${\delta}C^{13}$ andesitic rock.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.671-685
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• 2012

In this study, we developed an analogical experimental design strategy emphasizing understanding and checking stages and applied it to four groups consisting of 7th grade science-gifted students. We classified the patterns of experimental design processes and analyzed the verbal interactions among the science-gifted students at the levels of turn and interaction unit. The analyses of the results reveled that three groups were relevant to reinitiated motion and the other to backward-divergent motion. In the analyses of turn and interaction unit, the frequencies of the statements related to the task were high, especially 'making suggestion' and 'elaborated symmetrical interaction'. The analyses for each stage of strategy indicated that the frequencies of 'explain', 'question', and 'cumulative interaction' at understanding stage were high. At designing stage, the frequencies of 'making suggestion', 'cumulative interaction', and 'disputative interaction' were found to be high. At checking stage, 'making suggestion', 'receiving opinion', and 'disputative interaction' were high. In the comparison of the patterns, the qualitative differences among interaction unit were found at all the stages, whereas there were differences only between designing and checking stages in the turn cases. Educational implications of these findings are discussed.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.342-350
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• 1989

Maturity and spawning of Crangon affinis were studied based on the histological observation. The samples were monthly collected in Nakdong estuary from June, 1988 to May, 1989. The gonad lies on the dorsal side of the thorax. The cavity in which it lies is located below heart and above hepatopancreas. Anterior part of ovary is fused roundly, and the posterior part shows a pair of tubule-like structure. Testis is bilaterally symmetrical; the anterior part shows convoluted tubule, and the posterior part consists of a pair of tubule. Seminal vesicle is connected and opened to the base of the fifth pereiopod. Gametogenesis of ovum and spermatozoon is being repeated in short period without seasonality, and it is formed simultaneously in the whole parts of germinal epithelium. Diameter of a ripe oocyte is ca. $430{\mu}m$. Spermatozoa is oval with distinct nucleoplasm. Reproductive cycle is performed in ca. 40 days. Crangon affinis spawns all year round except November. Incubation period of brooded eggs took $12\~14$ days before hatching in the aquarium at $21^{\circ}C\~24^{\circ}C\;and\;33\%_{\circ}$.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.7-10
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• 2003

Quarternary $SrO-B_2O_3-Al_2O_3-SiO_2$ glasses were fabricated as a function of $R({\equiv}SrO\;mole%/B_2O_3\;mole%)$ and $K({\equiv}(Al_2O_3+SiO_2)\;mole%/B_2O_3\;mole%)$. The structures of these glasses were investigated through Infrared absorption spectra. When R increased, the intensities of the absorption bands around $1,200{\sim}1,600cm^{-1}$ resulting from the B-O stretching vibration bond in the symmetrical trigonal $BO_3$ units decreased, and these of the absorption bands around $800{\sim}1,200cm^{-1}$ caused by the B-O stretching vibration bond of the tetrahedral $BO_4$ units varied. Also, the intensities of the absorption bands for the B-O stretching vibration band in trigonal $BO_3$ units increased and these of the bands for B-O stretching vibration bond in tetrahedral $BO_4$ units decreased as K increased.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.32
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• pp.163-182
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was intended to analyze artistic formativeness represented in the modern fashion design materials. Nowadays the modern fashion design materials is characterized by variety. The fashion materials the most important of fashion is called a softwear in textile industry and emerged as a new field. Fashion design also escaped from the tra-ditional restraint and extended to pursue lib-eral clothes and the designer's creative inten-tion has resulted in conceptual and conven-tional alteration as a new mode of plastic ex-preseeion. As a results of analysis of the formative fea-ture of Art style represented in the modern fashion design materials. First Surrealism had been searching for a new way of confronting a social and rtistic environment that was stifling and repugnant to them. Accordingly the wide applicaytion of the various object due to the thought of Sur-realism through the modern fashion materials brought the diversification and individua-lization of the modern fashion design. Second Pop Art that is made modern mech-anic culture and commercialism brought the great transformation in the history of Art out of the existing style and the sense of ex-pression. And the plastic characteristics of Pop Art that has a gravity as modern fashion materials on a them of the elements of popular consumer's society. That is the common and cheap objects were introduced into fashion materials itself or pat-tern. Third Minimalism is a trend in art att-empting to seek essence of the object by presenting simple and disciplined expressions by minimal formative means. The features of external form are simplicity clarity unrelated composition and symmetrical structure. Mini-malism was a quest for basic elements repre-senting the fundamental esthetic values of art. The minimal expression in modern fashion materials mean fabrics with simple surface and is contained using simple geometric pattern or utilizing textiles without any patterns. Fourth Eroticism is a kind of psychological revolution in the development of human civilization and is deeply rooted in the cultural tradition of myth religion customs and art. So Eroticism must be distinguished from a mere animal reproduction. These erotic char-acteristics were holded the meanings of sexu-ality through the modern fashion materials. Especially it was expressed the sexual part of body was nakedly showed through trans-parent materials or semitransparent like metalic and opaque materials. Recently the various kinds of new materials such as paper vinyle plastic metal as well as human body were applied to new fashion de-sign. First of all the new materials will give modern fashion designers stimuli and inspi-ration. It can also express values of moderners to despise materialism and uniformed modern society and to recover humanity and self-actualization.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.130-138
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• 2014

This study aimed to grasp Feng Shui Geographical Thought appears in layout, Axial symmetry, hierarchical planning, spatial composition and hidden design techniques of Chinese Garden, that is "Xue effect", "Long-Sha effect" and "Shuikou effect", and to study on expression in Landscape Space. The Author selected the Chinese courtyard and the Nets Garden as the object to prove the Layout landscaping techniques; and selected Beijing in Ming and Qing Dynasties and the Forbidden City, A square design in Xuanwei as the object to prove the Axial Symmetrical and Hierarchical landscaping techniques, and also selected the Lingering G-arden and the Gentle Waves Pavilion, Humble Administrator's Garden in Suzhou, and Nanhu Park in Taian as the object to prove the Spatial Composition and Hidden design techniques. The methods of this article is combined Literature survey and Field survey with Case analysis to draw the conclusions as follows: First, "Xue effect" of Chinese Feng Shui Geographical Thought is suitable for the layout of Chinese courtyard and the Nets Garden in Suzhou; Second, "Long-Sha effect" is suitable for the urban planning of Beijing in Ming and Qing Dynasty, and the layout of the Forbidden City, by the city square design in Xuanwei, we can see that it is also suitable for Chinese modern landscape design; Third, "Shuikou effect" is appeared in the Spatial Composition and Hidden design techniques. All of these landscape design techniques are commonly used in China's modern landscape. It has been proved by the analysis of the Lingering Garden and the Gentle Waves Pavilion, Humble Administrator's Garden in Suzhou, and Nanhu Park in Taian.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.57-61
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• 2002

Ternary $SrO-B_2O_3-SiO_2$ glasses were fabricated as a function of R(${\equiv}SrO\;mole%/B_2O_3\;mole%$) and K(${\equiv}SiO_2\;mole%/B_2O_3\;mole%$). The structures of these glasses were investigated through Infrared transmittance, vicker's hardness, and refractive index. The results indicated : First, in the infrared transmittance spectra, when R increased, the intensities of the absorption bands around $1200{\sim}1600cm^{-1}$ resulting from the B-O stretching vibration bond in the symmetrical trigonal $BO_3$ units decreased, and these of the absorption bands around $800{\sim}1200cm^{-1}$ caused by the B-O stretching vibration bond of the tetrahedral $BO_4$ units varied. Also, the intensities of the absorption bands for the B-O stretching vibration bond in trigonal $BO_3$ units increased and these of the bands for B-O stretching vibration bond in tetrahedral $BO_4$ units decreased as K increased. Second, the increase and the decrease of vicker's hardness values for these glasses depended on the fraction of $BO_4$ units and it of $BO_3$ units, respectively. The refractive index of these glasses mostly depended on the SrO contents and only slightly depended on the fraction of $BO_4$ and $BO_3{^-}$ units.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.563-585
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• 2008

This paper presents how to improve the efficiency and accuracy in the pricing and sensitivity evaluation for derivatives, since the need for the evaluation of complicated derivatives is increased. The Monte Carlo(MC) simulation using the quasi random number instead of pseudo random number can improve the elapsed time and accuracy for the valuation of European-type derivatives. However, the quasi MC simulation method has its limit for applying it in the multi-dimensional case such as American-type and path-dependent options due to the increased correlation between dimensions as the dimension of random numbers is increased. In order to complement this problem, we develop a modified method in which correlation values are controlled to be below a pre-specified value. Thus, this method is applicable for the pricing of either derivatives ill which underlying assets or risk factors are several or derivatives having path-dependent or early redemption property. Furthermore, we illustrate that it is important to take an appropriate grid interval for the use of finite difference method(FDM) by applying the FDM to one example of non-symmetrical butterfly spreads.