• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.1099-1105
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• 2006

In this paper, the equivalent circuit model of a Rosen-type multilayer piezoelectric transformer(MPT) has been proposed based on the Mason's equivalent circuit model and the principle of single layer piezoelectric plate. From the piezoelectric direct and converse effects, the symbolic expressions between the electric inputs and outputs of the MPT have been derived from the equivalent circuit model. A simplified equivalent circuit model of the MPT whose driving part has a single input form has been proposed. The symbolic expressions of the driving part have been derived from the simplified equivalent circuit model and the model was compared with the multi-input equivalent circuit model through the simulation. In the comparisons between the simulation results and the experimental data, output voltage is 630 Vp-p in case of 11-layered MPT and 670 Vp-p for 13-layered MPT over the experiment range. As the load resistance increases, output voltage increases and saturates over $300k{\Omega}$ and the resonant frequency changes from 102 kHz to 103 kHz. The simulation and the experimental results agree well over different load resistances and frequencies.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.105-118
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• 2012

This study aims to recognize cognition of credit card and shopping value in contemporary society, cognition of credit card and shopping value according to types of consumption orientation, and factors that influence cognition of credit card and shopping value, and ultimately provide a foundation for establishing proper shopping value. A total of 453 women and men residing in Seoul have been set as research object in order to achieve the purpose of the study. The data was analyzed by Cronbach' alpha, frequencies, percentile, mean, factor analysis, K-mean cluster analysis, t-test, ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test, multiple linear regression. All analysis progress was done by spsswin12.0 statistics program. A summary of this research goes as follows: First, categorization of consumption orientation lead to two clusters of rational and symbolic & conspicuity consumption patterns and cognition of credit card was categorized into positive and negative cognition and shopping value was categorized into hedonic shopping value, utilitarian shopping value and time-save shopping value. Second, rational shoppers had high utilitarian shopping values and symbolic & conspicuity shoppers had high both hedonic shopping values and utilitarian shopping values. Third, the most influential factor in hedonic shopping value and utilitarian was consumption orientation. In conclusion, this research has showed that cognition of credit card and shopping value according to types of consumption orientation patterns varied, and that consumption orientation was an influential factor on cognition of credit card and shopping value.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.128-138
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• 2005

Purpose: As population of elderly people continues to grow, successful aging has risen to the top of the nursing science agenda. The successful aging includes maintenance of the cognitive and physical functions, as well as emotional well-beings. This study was carried out to evaluate effects of the environmental enrichments on cognition of institutionalized elderly. Method: The population was selected among the elderly aging over 65 residing at two of institutions. A quasi experimental design was used with non-equivalent control group. Study subjects were thirteen for each group. For the experimental group, physical, social and symbolic environmental enrichment program was provided for six weeks. The data were analyzed by repeated measure ANOVA and repeated measure ANCOVA using SPSS Win 11.0. Result: Compared to control group, the experimental group showed a significant difference on DSF(F=3.29, p=.046), and TMTA(F=4.76, p=.013) of cognitive function, and depression (F=5.56, p=.007) of emotional distress after 1 and 12 weeks of environmental enrichment program. Conclusion: Findings indicate that physical, social, and symbolic environmental enrichment was effective to partially prevent from cognitive decline, and to decrease emotional distress of elderly. As a nursing intervention, environmental enrichment program for elderly should be expanded for nursing practice to promote healthy aging and to offer support to the growing population of elderly. Further research should be conducted to evaluate the effect on the community elderly.

• School Mathematics
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.351-368
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• 2009

This study presents data from a year-long teaching experiment which illustrate how two seventh graders modified their multiplicative thinking and interacted with their representing symbols in the context of combinatorial problem situations. Damon was at the process of construction of recursively multiplicative thinking by modifying his multiplicative reasoning, but Carol appeared to remain at the stage of a binary multiplicative scheme. The two students' struggles with their representing symbols or represented symbols by the teacher show that even well-organized symbolic systems from teachers' perspective do not necessarily help students advance their mathematical capacity.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.1-8
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• 1999

In the logic where we study the principle and method of human, the binary logic with the proposition which has one-valued property that it can be assigned the truth value 'truth'or 'false'. Although most of the traditional binary logic which was drawn by human includes fuzziness hard to deal with, the knowledge for expressing it is not precise and has less degree of credit. This study uses multi-valued logic in order to slove the problem above that .When compared with the data processing ability of the binary logic, Multi-valued logic has an at a high speed. Therefore the Inference can be possible by minimization multi-valued logic in stead of using the information stead of using the information system based on the symbolic binary logic.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.579-586
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• 2014

This paper analyzes the recognition of driver's behavior in lane change using context-free grammar. In contrast to conventional pattern recognition techniques, context-free grammars are capable of describing features effectively that are not easily represented by finite symbols. Instead of coordinate data processing that should handle features in multiple concurrent events respectively, effective syntactic analysis was applied for patterning of symbolic sequence. The findings proposed the effective and intuitive method for drivers and researchers in driving safety field. Probabilistic parsing for the improving this research will be the future work to achieve a robust recognition.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.637-653
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• 2011

Over the last 20 years, women's development has been ambiguous. According to Freud, the mother-daughter relationship has been considered as an essential component of women's development. This study investigated how the mourning experience from daughters who were separated from their mothers by death offers any meaningful idea to women's life. For Hermeneutic phenomenology, researchers collected data from three women who have lost their mothers through in-depth interviews and drawing pictures with each of them. As a result, this study found that daughters started to fight with their mothers' death from the moment when they were informed. They also experienced a symbolic death until the moment of their mothers' death and even after the confirmation of their mothers' death. Daughters experienced symbolic death, both emotionally and physically as well as familiar experiences with their mothers through the repeated confirmation of death. However, these experiences encouraged daughters to adapt to the reality that was the absence of their mothers through the processes such as "Reflection," "Living in the Center of My life," and "Another Embrace." Through this new perspective, attempts, and relationships, daughters form a new identity and experience 'rebirth'. These daughters' changes were paradoxically strengthened through their resistances towards changes of reformation of themselves.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.505-514
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• 2019

Purpose: This study aimed to introduce and elucidate changes in Strauss and Corbin's grounded theory and discuss its application to the field of nursing in South Korea. Methods: The changes in grounded theory by Strauss and Corbin were examined through a literature review of grounded theory from its inception. Results: Strauss and Corbin acknowledged their philosophical backgrounds of symbolic interactionism and pragmatism; however, their methodology based on positivism overwhelmed their epistemology and ontology. This inconsistency has been represented by the coding paradigm and the premise of "emergent from the data." In the revised version of Basics, Strauss and Corbin modified their theory to weaken the coding paradigm and strengthen the strategies for the development of substantive theory. Conclusion: Strauss and Corbin's revised grounded theory did not fully address the inconsistency of their epistemology and ontology between their acknowledgement and methodology. However, these changes constitute a meaningful step toward resolving inconsistencies and highlight the development of substantive theory. This has implications for Korean nursing researchers who have utilized methodologies in grounded theory with dogmatic approaches; grounded theory, with its evolving nature, is not a finalized method and calls for open approaches for the development of a grounded theory that fits Korean nursing.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.211-222
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• 2020

In today's society, competition of talents is a critical factor of success in modern enterprises due to living in the era of knowledge economy. Also, success of a modern enterprise can be defined by the brand equity or value of the company name defined by general public (functional) and its employees (symbolic). Company brand equity is a subjectively defined by each employee. This article aims to link the relations between employee's perception of employer brand equity to employees' job performance and turnover intention. In order to empirically verify the effects of employer brand on employee's organizational commitment, performance, and turnover intention, study conducted the general employees working for MNC in the field of e-commerce, IT, and Networking business based in China. Total 235 questionnaires were used for the empirical analysis and SPSS 21.0 statistics package was used to analyze the collected data. The results can be summarized as follows: (1) Both the functional employer brand and the symbolic employer brand equity have a significantly positive impact on organizational commitment. (2) Both the functional employer brand equity and the symbolic employer brand equity have a significant positive impact on employee performance. (3) Neither the functional employer brand equity nor the symbolic employer brand equity confirmed the negative relationship between turnover intentions. (4) Organizational commitment play the intermediary role in the impact of employer brand equity on employees' work performance.

• Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.2805-2812
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• 2018

The methylation score, expressed as a percentage of the methylation status data derived from the iterative sequencing process, has a value between 0 and 1. It is contrary to the assumption of normal distribution that simply applying the t-test to examine the difference in population-specific methylation scores in these data. In addition, since the result may vary depending on the number of repetitions of sequencing in the process of methylation score generation, a method that can analyze such errors is also necessary. In this paper, we introduce the symbolic data analysis and the interval K-S test method which convert observation data into interval data including uncertainty rather than one numerical data. In addition, it is possible to analyze the characteristics of methylation score by using Beta distribution without using normal distribution in the process of converting into interval data. For the data analysis, the nature of the proposed method was examined using sequencing data of actual patients and normal persons. While the t-test is only possible for the location test, it is found that the interval type K-S statistic can be used to test not only the location parameter but also the heterogeneity of the distribution function.